The fusion energy is coming.

Fusion energy is one of the most interesting versions of energy production. The problem is that this reactor requires deuterium and tritium for the fusion. The term "heavy water" means that the hydrogen is turned to its heavier isotopes deuterium and tritium. But there is so small number of those isotopes in the water. 

In hydrogen bombs, lithium deuteride creates, deuterium and tritium when it's shot with neutrons. But deuterium and tritium can produce from water by stressing it with radiation. In nature, 0,015% of hydrogen is in deuterium form. 

So vaporized lithium deuteride can use in fusion reactors the same way. The radiation stress would turn lithium 6 deuteride into deuterium and tritium. The vacuum allows vaporizing the lithium deuteride. And then that vaporized lithium deuteride can be driven to a tokamak-type donut-shaped reactor. 

When a fusion reaction is started. The reactor's radiation can use to produce deuterium and tritium. The bottle of water will take near the fusion reactor. And then the radiation of that reactor should turn the hydrogen in that water to deuterium and tritium. In laboratories, deuterium and tritium are formed by stressing water by using X-ray machines.

In the universe, the deuterium is forming in the nuclear fusion of stars.  But there is no chemical reaction that can form the deuterium or tritium. There is the possibility to create tritium by using neutron radiation. In that case, the neutron flow would impact deuterium. And the deuterium traps neutron and turns to tritium. 

In the production of those heavier isotopes of hydrogen, the neutron or two neutrons in the case of tritium must connect to the proton. Producing tritium by using Helium 3 is impossible because there are two protons and one neutron in Helium 3. The tritium involves two neutrons and one proton. 

But in nature heavy water is forming when cosmic radiation hits the water. In that reaction, the hydrogen turns to deuterium and tritium. This reaction is extremely slow. But when we are thinking possibility to take the water tanks to the edge of the atmosphere. There is the possibility to stress the water by using cosmic radiation.

Researchers can make it by using balloons or high-flying aircraft. The high-flying stratospheric aircraft can take water bottles to the upper atmosphere. 

There is the possibility to use the fission reactor to create deuterium and tritium. In that case, the water bottle will be put in the nuclear reactor. And then the neutron radiation can turn the water into heavy water. So the nuclear reactor will turn the hydrogen atoms in water be deuterium and tritium. But the most economical version is to benefit the fusion reactor's radiation for making those hydrogen isotopes. 

https://quillette.com/2022/02/21/fusion-power-is-coming/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuterium

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium-3

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_hydride

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermonuclear_weapon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritium

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

More about nano-size nuclear weapons

https://marxjatalous.blogspot.com/

Kimmo Huosionmaa


There is another way to make very effective but small size detonators, and one of the most interesting ideas is for the small-scale version of the systems, what are used in fusion tests. Those systems would act like a small version of the Sci-Fi movie "Star Wars" "Death Star", where the lasers are the circular form around the pipe, what is also used for the lead laser, what would collect other laser-rays together, and carry them to the target. In this scenario, the weapon would shoot lithium batteries thru that pipe, and then the laser-ray would shoot in the same line, where this pellet would fly. That would cause the fusion detonation. But luckily the needed technology is still very far away from practical solutions. There is theoretically possible to miniaturize the systems, what are used in the laser-test facilities in the portable size.


And then the extremely small size fusion weapon could be done. In this case, the technology in that weapon in actually existed, but making it extremely small size would be difficult. When we are thinking about those extremely small size nuclear explosives, they are extremely fascinating option for many military actions. Those weapons can destroy entire warship with one shot. But the problem is, that they are hiding the line between conventional and nuclear weapons. When we are thinking about those very easily moving and many times shooting weapons, what have extremely high firepower, we think that they might be even too devastating.

The laser- or other electromagnetic radiation would raise the temperature of the lithium very high level, and that would be made possible to make very small nuclear explosives. The best way to make that thing just shoots the lithium pellet in the same line as the laser- or other electromagnetic radiation, what would raise the temperature enough high, for making very small fusion explosive.  Those systems are already in use at the fusion test sites like NIF (National Ignition Facility) at Lawrence Livermore national laboratories and many places in Europe. But those systems must be made much smaller if those miniature fusion bombs would be real. And they can cause terrible visions in the mind of humans.

Lockheed-Martin and fusion powered fighter, real-life Millennium Falcon

Picture I

Kimmo Huosionmaa

Lockheed-Martin corporation is trying to make fighter or airplane, what would use Fusion reactor for flying. That seems like something from Science fiction books, but in this case, would this fusion motor become the real thing. The fusion motor doesn't mean that the aircraft needs nuclear reactors or the fusion would be self-sustain.


In those concepts, what is theoretically investigated in tens of years, the fusion will give only the driving force. The motor itself is theoretical very simple, the fusion element would be conducted thru the reactor, and then the lasers would ignite the artificial sun inside or outside the reactor. Those lasers can get their electric power from fuel cells, conventional turbo-generators, what are rotating by jet turbines or by nuclear reactors.

"Daedalus"
Picture II

Also, windmill-generators what is used in some Electronic warfare aircraft can be used in that role (Picture IV). That kind of fusion reactor was planned to interstellar spacecraft "Daedalus" what was planned by interplanetary society. In that solution, the fusion reactor would use assisted by another propulsion system, what gives power to those lasers. Of course, those lasers can use acetylene lights in their lightning tubes, and that would decrease the need for electric power.

Picture III

Those lasers can be carbon-monoxide lasers, what are most powerful chemical lasers in the world. Their mission is to create enough energy, that fusion would start in the middle of them. That motor would be the very revolutionizing solution in aviation, and that would give change to travel in the universe at least in our own solar system and also in the atmosphere of planets.

Picture IV

In some wildest dreams, that fusion powered aircraft would look like the normal fighter, and it air intakes would use as the port for the interstellar ramjet. In that fictional motor, the powerful magnetic field would suck the ions thru the fusion motor, and in this process, the magnetic field would pressure that ion flow like wire, what goes thru the reactor, and then the laser rays would ignite the fusion. The problem of that system would be auxiliary power, what is needed to make those laser-rays and magnets what would press that ionic flow.

Sources:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Daedalus

https://www.space.com/37146-nuclear-fusion-rockets-interstellar-spaceflight.html

http://www.projectrho.com/public_html/rocket/realdesignsfusion.php

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LUUuMAsaJBU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CeJCneMkxQk


Picture I

http://cdn3.theeventchronicle.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/lockheed-martin-patents-nuclear-fusion-powered-fighter-jet.jpg

Picture II

http://public.media.smithsonianmag.com/legacy_blog/fusion-engine.jpg

Picture III
https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2010/03/george-h-miley-presentation-on-nuclear.html

Picture IV

https://i.ytimg.com/vi/8g2DinNhXCU/maxresdefault.jpg


https://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/


http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/lockheed-martin-and-fusion-powered.html

The risks of ultra-clean nuclear weapons

Kimmo Huosionmaa

Above the text is a mushroom-shaped cloud, what has been formed by the warm gas bubble, what has been raised from the water. The formation process of this cloud is similar to nuclear explosions. But temperature is lower. Normally nuclear explosives would be noticed by increasing level of radiation. And that would uncover the atmospheric nuclear tests. The nuclear test is prohibited in the atmosphere, undersea an Earth orbiter.


The latest fusion weapons are problematic because they would not leave radioactive fallout behind them. Ignition process of those fusion devices would happen by heating lithium pieces by using high-power laser rays. The laser would raise the temperature high enough for starting fusion reaction in the piece of lithium. Those weapons are so clean, that they would not uncover by the radioactive fallout. The ignition of that system would happen by using carbon monoxide laser, what would power by acetylene light. Those systems are extremely powerful.


Ultra clean nuclear weapons can be launched by internal or external lasers. The laser can be installed on separate aircraft, what would also drop lithium canisters. Those canisters would be equipped with targeting device, and the highly powerful chemical laser can be targeted to those pieces. Same lasers can also use for anti-satellite missions.


Also, the powerful SDI-lasers could use for that purpose. The external lasers can be done easier, because the size of the bomb would not be limit. In some scenario, the lithium canisters would be dropped from satellites, and then they would be heated by using ground-based lasers, what would target to those canisters by using mirror satellites, and those weapons can be very deadly. The used lasers might be free-electron type particle accelerators what can be kilometers long.


The problem with lithium canisters is that they would not seem in radioactive sensors. So they can be installed in the boat, any kind of aircraft and missile. Those weapons are very frightened because they would be used in the terrorist attack. The only thing what the striker needs is the powerful laser, what would make enough heat for the beginning of fusion.

https://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/the-risks-of-ultra-clean-nuclear-weapons.html