How dangerous can microplastics be?

"Plastics affect every aspect of the Earth system, from climate change to biodiversity, due to the thousands of chemicals in their life cycle, impacting environmental and human health. A new study calls for understanding plastics pollution beyond waste management, using a planetary boundaries framework to highlight plastics’ global, interconnected impacts." (ScitechDaily, Not As Harmless as Scientists Thought: Plastics Are Threatening Earth’s Stability)

Microplastics are small pieces of plastics that are filling oceans. Those things form in things like the cosmetic industry. The reason why those things are used is that they should not be poisonous. The plastic itself is not poisonous. But when we think about the microplastics. Those things act like nanomachines. When things like krill eat some algae those microplastics get in their body. 

The microplastics are very dangerous to bacteria. If bacteria eat those small plastic bites that can cause internal damage to its structure. Sometimes some researchers introduced that some cancer medicines will replaced by microplastic nanomachines. The problem was how to remove those things from the body. 

If those microplastics are covered using nutrients that certain bacteria or cancer cells eat, those small plastic bites can slip into those cells and destroy their internal structure. The nano- and microplastics can slip into the cells and even fill them. 

There those small plastic bites travel in the food chain. And finally, they return to the human saucer and our food. The thing that makes microplastics dangerous is that it's possible that they get into cells. In those cases, the cells can damaged or even die if those microplastics harm their internal structures. 

There are many points where the microplastic can touch and cause damage. Those microplastics can clog the pipelines in cell organs. That causes errors in the cell's normal functions.  The microplastic can damage the cell's mitochondria or even destroy them. Or it can cause damage to the cell's nucleus. 

Or they can jam the cell's ion pumps. The string- or stick-shaped microplastic can make holes in the cell's protein shell or it can stuck into the ion pump. That keeps the ion pump open all the time. Microplastics can damage even big animal embryos if they get into a morula. But microplastics can endanger things like plankton. And through plankton, those small plastic bites can go into the human body. 

https://scitechdaily.com/not-as-harmless-as-scientists-thought-plastics-are-threatening-earths-stability/

New microchips can use sodium from sweat for making energy.

Human sweat is involving salt or sodium chloride. And that metal can use for making energy for the microchips that are connected to the human body. The intelligent plaster can have gold electrodes for making the chemical electric vortex. And there might be a microchip connected to them. 

Those chips can be small GPS systems. Or they can control miniature machines inside the body. There is a lot of things where those systems are suitable. 

Those microchips can transmit body functions to mobile devices like GSM telephones. And that system can send things like EKG to the hospital. Another thing where those "wearable microchips" are good tools for controlling nanomachines in the body. Nanomachines are the next-generation tool for medicines. 

The nanomachines are controlled by using radio systems. The problem is how to get feedback from nanomachine? The system requires two-way communication for reaching accuracy. That is high enough for destroying things like tumors in the human body. 

They can use to clean blood vessels. And the nanomachines can use to block the leak in blood vessels. The nanomachine can be the miniature submarine that slips into the body. Then it would fill the rubber ball. That thing will close blood vessels. That thing can use to deny the blood leak. But it can also close the blood vessels that are transferring nutrients to tumors. 

The nanomachines are impressive tools. They can use for destroying tumors or removing poisons from the body. The fact is that those systems are very dangerous in the wrong hands. The system closes blood vessels. And deny tumors to get nutrients. Other nanomachines are like small stars. They are slipping in the cell and then start to rotate. Then they are destroying the internal organs of the cell. 

The same system can use as a brutal assassination tool. The system can close the blood vessels that take blood to the brain. And even the system that is removing plaque from the blood vessels is getting out of control they can turn an entire person into liquid. This is the reason why nanotechnical systems require good control. If that control breaks the results could be a catastrophe. 

https://networkedinternet.blogspot.com/

Nanomachines as cutters. (Liquid robots part II)

The half-moon-looking robots can cut molecules into pieces. Those molecular-size robots can hang from the surface tension of water and other liquids. Then the swinging motion of those robots would make them useful to use as the cutters that cut the molecules in pieces.

When the nanomachine swirls. The form of it would make it possible. That the other side of the machine will go through the surface. The requirement for cutting molecules by nanomachine is it will go through the molecule. Or there is some enzyme the cuts the targeted molecule. In the cases that we want to clean water by using nanomachines, they should build a large number. 

If a single nanomachine cannot make that thing. There is the possibility to put molecule sticks between two nanomachines. The swirling nanomachine can cut the molecules. Those are on the surface of the liquid. There is the possibility to make small scissors by using similar structures. 

In those scissors, the other side would be this type of nanomachine. And the other side would be stable. That thing is useful for moving other molecules. But if there is a molecule that will hover extremely close to the surface of water that makes this kind of nanomachine is useful to cut the oil molecules. And if those small scissors can react to things like electricity. They can use to fix single cells. 

The snowflakes as the form of nanomachines

The form of nanomachine is important. If we want to make nanomachines that are moving on the layer we can make the star or snowflake-looking molecule there are opposite polar ions or rather saying ions and anions at the end of corners. Those nanomachines can move on the layer. When the electric polarity of the layer will change. That thing will push anion upward and ion downward. This effect will make those nanomachines roll on the layer. If the nanomachines can operate at a temperature that is below zero degrees celsius. Snowflakes can use as nanomachines. But if the operating temperature of the machines is higher. 

The DNA can use control the growth of those crystals. That means that the form of those snowflakes can store in the DNA. And that thing automatizes the production of those systems. 

This system requires some other material. And that star-looking nanomachine can be made by using carbon chains. If we want to clean large water areas by using this type of nanotechnology. We can pull a magnetic layer below the surface and those nanomachines can cut the molecules on the surface. 

Some nanomachines are like coil springs. The simplest model of the coil springs molecule that can move is the long molecule. There are ionic materials on both sides. 

Another material is an anion. And another is an ion. When the polarity of the layer changes it pulls the nanomachine up. There could be a laser or some kind of (electro)magnetic ray that can turn the nanomachine around while it jumps. And then it should drop to the layer opposite way.  

Cutting molecules by using those tools is an impressive thing. But if we want to be accurate there is needed some other structures. The running nanomachines can connect with those swirling nanomachines.  In that case when the layer where nanomachine stands are going farther. The internal electromagnetic interaction of the nanomachine pulls the molecule shorter.

Normally the same effect is made by adjusting the electricity on the layer. The researchers can make running nanomachines by connecting ions with coil spring-looking structures. When the polarity of electricity changes that will kick those ions up. 

The ions in that structure have different polarities. They are ion and anion. In that case when the other ion jumps up. The other will go down. That thing makes those robots run on the layer. That kind of robot can cut long molecules like DNA. Or some carbon chains. And they are useful tools for many purposes. 

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

  

 The small liquid robots can run as long they have "food".

Image 1:

The liquid nanomachines that can operate without electricity might be connected with microchips. Those microchips can equip with a small mustache. That it can use to control the direction where that small nanomachine should go. The microchip can get electricity from outcoming radiowaves. Or they can get energy from the rolling nanomachine itself. Which turned into a nano-generator. 

The new liquid nano-size robots can be fascinating tools. The first aqueous robots that can move in liquid are under research. The tiny robots can walk on the surface of the water. Or which can visit below the surface and then return are tools that are giving a great improvement in nanotechnology. 

But if researchers are creating the nano rolls. That rolls on the surface of the water that tool will have possibilities that have never been before. Those nano-rolls could use as nano-size generators for nanotechnical microchips. The ability to connect the robots. That can move without electricity to the electric production. That kind of thing has a great future in the world of nanotechnology. 

Image: 2

The superconducting layer makes it possible to create helium-based nanomachines that are hovering above the superconducting layer. 

The nano-rolls or nanomachines can hover above the layer by benefiting the electron pillar. When a nano-size machine is put near the superconducting layer. The electrons would start to travel between that object and the layer. If the electrons of the layer and the nano-object are towards each other. T hat effect makes the nano-structure hover above the layer. 

The helium nano-crystals or nano-droplets can use as nanomachines. Those atom-sized machines can move objects above the superconducting layers. 

The system can use the same tunneling effect. That a scanning tunneling microscope uses. That nano-crystal can hang in a physical stylus or an electromagnetic field. 

Those helium or some other atom-based nanomachines are like small UFOs. The helium is suitable for that work because the atom has a corner that can position the layer. The molecule or atom should be like a small pyramid that is upside down. 

Then the nanomachines would rise to hover above the extremely cold superconducting layer by using quantum tunneling. A machine that size is about one or two atoms. Would hover on the top of the quantum pilar. That is formed by the same effect that is used in a scanning tunneling microscope. The atom can hang in a stylus or electromagnetic field. 

Then the operator can move those nanomachines by shooting them with a laser. Or that person can control the location of the nanomachine by using a maser or coherent radio or microwaves. Those hovering nanomachines can move other atoms over the layer. 

https://scitechdaily.com/helium-bath-splash-physicists-discover-surprising-phenomenon/

https://scitechdaily.com/these-tiny-liquid-robots-never-run-out-of-energy-as-long-as-they-have-food/

Image1) https://scitechdaily.com/these-tiny-liquid-robots-never-run-out-of-energy-as-long-as-they-have-food/

Image 2) https://scitechdaily.com/helium-bath-splash-physicists-discover-surprising-phenomenon/

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/