Cosmic inflation

"From a region of space as small as can be imagined (all the way down to the Planck scale), cosmological inflation causes space to expand exponentially: relentlessly doubling and doubling again with each tiny fraction-of-a-second that elapses. Although this empties the Universe and stretches it flat, it also contains quantum fluctuations superimposed atop it: fluctuations that will later provide the seeds for cosmic structure within our own Universe. What happened before the final ~10^-32 seconds of inflation, including the question of whether inflation arose from a singular state before it, not only isn't known, but may be fundamentally unknowable." (BigThink, Ask Ethan: What’s the deal with cosmic inflation and the Big Bang?)

The universe requires cosmic inflation. Cosmic inflation releases energy. That was once bound to material and black holes. So, we can say that cosmic inflation keeps the energy moving. 

The key element of modern cosmology is that the Big Bang released all energy and material into its entirety. We call that entirety "the universe". All particles bound energy from space. Or they roll wave movement to the ball-shaped structure. The free energy is the thing that makes reactions in the universe possible. When energy takes particle form it is bound to the structure. 

The interaction between the particle and its environment determines the length of the particle's existence. If the particle's energy level is very high. Energy travels fast to its environment. And that destroys the particle. 

The idea of cosmic inflation is simple. If the space expands. But if there are no more particles or energy from outside the space expands if we compare it with material and energy. So there is more space in comparison to particles. 

When the universe expands its energy level turns lower. That means the energy always travels out from the material. Or, particles release energy that they bound a long time ago in their structure. 

The expansion of the universe causes the amount of matter and energy relative to space to decrease. The universe is like a balloon in a vacuum. When energy and material travel out from the Universe that makes it lighter. 

"As a balloon inflates, any coins glued to its surface will appear to recede away from one another, with “more distant” coins receding more rapidly than the less distant ones. Any light will redshift, as its wavelength ‘stretches’ to longer values as the balloon’s fabric expands. This visualization solidly explains cosmological redshift within the context of the expanding Universe. If the Universe is expanding today, that implies a past where it was smaller, hotter, denser, and more uniform: leading to the picture of the hot Big Bang." (BigThink, Ask Ethan: What’s the deal with cosmic inflation and the Big Bang?)

"There is a large suite of scientific evidence that supports the expanding Universe and the Big Bang. At every moment throughout our cosmic history for the first several billion years, the expansion rate and the total energy density balanced precisely, enabling our Universe to persist and form complex structures. Today, dark energy dominates the Universe, while early on, prior to the onset of the hot Big Bang, a phase of cosmological inflation occurred, preceding it and setting it up." (BigThink, Ask Ethan: What’s the deal with cosmic inflation and the Big Bang?)

The universe loses its energy and material into the space around it. Material is one form of energy. Particles are packed wave movement that we call energy. Sometimes that is called outer border inflation. There is also one other inflation. When black holes pull energy inside them, that means energy that travels to black holes is out from the universe and its interactions. So the black holes cause an effect that we can call inner inflation. 

When things like atoms form in big stars. That means the star creates a fusion that combines light atoms into a new element. When elementary particles form in the young universe they bound energy into their structures. When the Schwinger effect or wave-particle duality forms elementary particles it rolls wave movement into the ball-shaped structures. That wave movement or energy was away from the energy interaction. There was limited energy in the universe. Because all energy existed in the universe, that meant that there couldn't be an unlimited number of elementary particles. 

If energy or or wave movement would be like water we might simply say that there is a smaller energy mass and smaller number of particles in the modern universe than in the young universe. Some of those particles flew away from the universe and turned back into wave movement. Some of them are in black holes. 

They release black when those black holes vaporize. Black holes take energy and material in them. And that means there is a lower number of particles and a lower free energy level in the universe. Cosmic inflation causes a thing that we can call quantum vaporization. 

Because the energy level in the universe decreases all the time energy travels out from material or particles all the time. This thing means that cosmic inflation causes material vaporization where it turns back. To energy or wave movement. Black holes are also vaporizing. The black hole sends energy waves all the time into the universe. 

When the universe expands black holes are losing energy. The expansion causes the material disk around the black hole to jump outside. That means there can form a small energy vacuum between a black hole and its material disk. That effect rips energy out from the layer that is at the front of the event horizon. 

The material disk around the black hole is the thing that pumps energy into the black hole. If a black hole travels to the cosmic vacuum energy starts to travel out from it. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/ask-ethan-cosmic-inflation-big-bang/

Gravity without mass.

If we think that quantum vaporization makes things like gravity. That thing is very simple to introduce if the Higgs field or base energy field, in the universe exists. When particle vaporization starts. It sends energy impulses that we can call gravity waves. The particle sends gravity waves because the energy field in the expanding universe turns weaker. 

And that thing means that the particle sends waves. When a particle sends those gravity waves it loses its mass or its size. The expansion of the universe means that the particle expands because outside the quantum field turns weak. When a particle loses its mass or its size the quantum field from the outside tries to fill that empty space. 

The requirement for the existence of the particle is that there is a quantum low pressure in the inner space of the particle. The outer quantum field keeps those quantum strings in their form If that quantum field disappears the particle loses its existence as a particle. 

One of the things that make those quantum fields fall into particles is the whisk-looking structure that forms their shell. When a particle expands it spreads the holes between those quantum strings. That lets the outside quantum field travel in the particle. 

When the energy field falls in the particle it reflects from its structures. Sometimes dark energy is also introduced to form in the cosmic voids when energy falls in there and reflects from its structures. 

The Gravity effect is the movement in the gravitational field. The gravitational center doesn't create gravity. If puts gravity waves moving.  The thing that puts gravity waves moving can be the lower energy point in the gravity fields. Or something that causes the asymmetry in the field. This means that gravity doesn't require mass. 

Gravity without mass is possible. We can think that gravity is wave movement that carries energy. The gravity model. Where gravity is field movement that pulls particles into it explain its unique interaction and unique ability. So gravity without mass means that there is some kind of low-energy area in the field that moves in gravity. 

We can say. The Higgs field, or base energy field in the universe. Can explain all things in gravity. And gravity is like a river that takes particles with it. So there must be something that puts the Higgs field moving. The movement of that field is gravity. 

The field effect model means that things like cosmic voids can act as a virtual mass. The virtual mass or virtual particle means a lower energy point in the Higgs field that puts the field moving into that thing. And that means that those virtual objects can make gravity without mass. 

The universe is like a bubble in the middle of nowhere. That means it's at a higher energy level than the space around it. Energy travels outside this bubble. And that thing puts the field moving. If that field model is true there can be some kind of giant cosmic void or lower energy area in the middle of the universe. 

That lower energy area pulls the Higgs field into it. That interaction where that field travels into the universe and out from the universe forms the lower energy areas into the cosmic structures. And if the geometrical shape of the universe is like a flat disk there are similar structures as in the rings of planet Saturn's ring system. 

When the gravity field starts to travel to the gravity centers it forms an electromagnetic shadow ahead of the particle. The reason for that is that those energy fields travel faster than particles. The field pulls also photons, but for some reason, photons don't cause that shadow. And that is the reason why the mass affects the force of gravity. The high-energy particles are thicker and that's why their mass is high. The depth of the energy shadow ahead of the particle determines the strength of gravity interaction. 

When the gravity center starts to pull particles into it it stretches the particle's quantum field. That effect means that the quantum field around the sides of the particle scrunches the particle. And lower energy areas at the front of the particle stretch them. That turns particles into flat spaghetti-looking structures. So can material travel through a black hole's event horizon? If we think about structures like planets the question is about thing does the black holes rip particles away from each other. Or does it rip superstrings into pieces? 

And sooner or later those energy shadows will touch each other. That thing increases the power of gravity. Same time the energy, or quantum field turns into like droplet. The outside field pushes particles smaller and the lower energy area at the front of the particle pulls it forward. 

The thing that is important in the material is the outside energy must be stronger than the particle's inside energy. The outside energy pushes the whisk-looking structure of the quantum stings into its form. The low-energy particles have a less dense structure. And they let the energy travel through them. And the high-energy particles are denser. That makes the shadow ahead of them deeper. 

One of the reasons why researchers are interested in gravity is this. Gravity affects the system like cold energy. It pulls all particles with it as an entirety. So when gravity moves objects it will not destroy entireties. When gravity pulls atoms it simply pushes them into bags and then moves them with their quantum fields. 

The antigravity means that there is a channel in the Higgs field at the front of the object. That channel pulls objects into it. The wormhole would be only a long channel in the Higgs field. The same way things like gravity-based tractor rays would work like this. There is a system that makes channels in the energy field. Then the pulling side is at the lower energy level. And that thing makes energy travel in one direction. 

https://www.universetoday.com/168887/how-gravitational-waves-could-let-us-see-the-first-moments-after-the-big-bang/

Dark energy interaction. And the universe's ultimate fate.

    Dark energy interaction. And the universe's ultimate fate. 

Are dark photons the source of dark energy? 

The Australian researchers claimed that they detected dark photons. If that is true, dark photons can explain at least part of dark energy. The thing that makes photons dark is that energy flows into them. In this model, there are three types of photons. 

The black photon is a photon whose energy level is lower than in the universe's visible material. Because energy travels into those, 2D photons are lower than visible material in the universe. That makes them unable to detect. 

The reason why dark photons never reach the same energy level as regular photons or neutrinos is this. There are so many more dark photons than particles and sub-atomic particles in the universe. Energy travels to those other dark photons. 

And because the energy level in those particles near the universe or energy centers is higher than farther particles energy always travels to those lower energy particles.. Because energy travels in one direction out from the energy center. That makes it impossible to detect those particles by using reflection.

All energy falls into the outer particles. In the universe are many energy hills. And there those particles can interact with each other. 

That causes multiple impacts with radiation and those particles. And that makes those dark photons send impact radiation. In some models, the dark photon or two-dimensional photons are the base model of material. 

"A map of dark matter, spreading across the universe.CREDIT:KIPAC/SLAC NATIONAL ACCELERATOR LABORATORY" (Sydney Morning Herald/Australian researchers claim to have detected ‘dark photons)

In that model, those 2D photons also exist outside the Universe and the Big Bang transformed a group of those 2D photons into the universe as we know it.  Or maybe there is some material, which energy level is lower than those 2D photons. 

That material could be some kind of skyrmion, that turned the energy level in the point of universe negative and caused the Big Bang. But there is more about that hypothetical material and reaction at the end of this text.

Neutrino is a so-called grey photon. The grey photon means the energy flow between that particle and its environment is slow. And that makes neutrinos hard to detect. Because the neutrino has mass, that means energy travels in that particle. And in that process, it causes the emission of radiation into its quantum field. 

Bright photon whose energy level is the same as its environment. That means there is no energy flow between the photon and its environment. And that means the photon has no mass. 

And that makes those dark photons or photons whose energy level is lower than the environment hard or even impossible to detect. The dark energy could be an energy flow that travels in those dark photons. When an extremely thin energy field, called a superstring travels into the dark photon, that energy orbits the photon before it impacts it. 

In that process, it sends emission radiation as well as particles when they fall into a neutron star or black hole. In some other visions, the dark energy comes from the points where the atom's or subatomic particles' quantum fields cross. In the points where those fields impact form stretches that act like particles and send energy or radiation around them.

"The local geometry of the universe is determined by whether the density parameter Ω is greater than, less than, or equal to 1. From top to bottom: a spherical universe with Ω > 1, a hyperbolic universe with Ω < 1, and a flat universe with Ω = 1. These depictions of two-dimensional surfaces are merely easily visualizable analogs to the 3-dimensional structure of (local) space". (Wikipedia/Shape of the universe)

The universe's ultimate fate. 

We know that if the universe is open. That means it's hyperbolic or flat. The Big silence is its ultimate fate. At the end of time, all material turns into wave movement. And then that universe as we know it ends its life. The Big Bang was not only one case. It was a series of effects that formed material and energy in the form as we know it. 

In some visions, the electromagnetic vacuum in quantum fields or some kind of low-energy material caused the Big Bang. If those 2D photons are outside the universe we cannot see them because energy travels into them. 

But there is one hypothetical model connected with dark photons. The dark photon is a flat particle if it exists. In some models also dark photons will split at the end of the time. When there is no radiation or no quantum fields those flat photons start to expand. 

At the ultimate end of time, they will turn into skyrmions. Which is the final form of material. Those skyrmions are forming an electromagnetic vacuum in the middle of them. And that thing can pull those skyrmions back together. 

Or if there are some kind of quantum fields or 2D particles outside the universe those skyrmions can form the quantum vacuum that causes the effect, where those quantum fields or particles drop to the point, where the universe once been. That thing can cause a powerful energy impact from the middle of that structure. The quantum fields form the standing wave and then all waves are impacted from that wave. That means the new Big Bang. 

https://www.smh.com.au/national/australian-researchers-claim-to-have-detected-dark-photons-20230927-p5e82s.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_universe

New particles are found in the quark-gluon plasma.

The LHC has made history again. The researchers found new particles in the quark-gluon plasma. 

That is always a big thing. Those particles are telling about the thing. How the material is formed in the early moments of the universe. How does the quark-gluon plasma get its form that turned to the material as we know it? 

Those "X" particles are not elementary particles. They are mesons that are forming two or four quarks. That means the finding is not so big as Higgs boson was. The new particles are telling something about the universe and its first moments. But the thing is that there are a lot of unexpected things in the universe. 

The thing about mesons is that those short-living particles are well-known but same time mysterious. The mystery of mesons is why they don't form stable components like protons and neutrons. Three quarks form protons and neutrons. Those particles are long-living or stable elements of atoms. 

But when neutrons and protons are getting out from the electron core they just split. The reason why lone neutrons split. Is that they cannot get more energy from the energy core. The orbiting electrons are sending energy to the nucleus of the atoms. And the energy between the nucleus of atoms and the electron core is two-way. That means the nucleus of atoms from the quarks to the entire nucleus is interacting. 

When we are thinking about the ages of bosons. We must ask one question. Why bosons are not stable? Is there something that is missing in those structures? And is that thing the mysterious "God" particle or maybe the graviton that keeps protons and neutrons as one entirety? 

As I just wrote three quarks are forming protons and neutrons. Between those quarks are traveling gluons. When gluon is jumping between quarks it just pushes them. That makes protons and neutrons send wave movement. That wave movement is traveling to electron cores. And electron cores of the atoms are getting energy also from other atoms. 

While gluon is traveling in its quantum world there is a vacuum behind it. That quantum vacuum is pulling the quarks behind it. If the quark is in the line with that gluon. 

When gluons are traveling away from the quark. That thing causes the quantum vacuum or "low-pressure quantum area". That quantum vacuum pulls quark back. So quarks move back and forth when the gluon hits against them. 

And whenever the quark is changing its direction it stops for a while. That causes the thing that the quarks are sending wave movement. The wave movement that quarks send. Has the same wavelength as the diameter of the quarks is. Also, the gluons are sending a wave movement whose wavelength is the same as the diameter of the gluon. So could that radiation explain the mysterious dark energy? 

https://scitechdaily.com/large-hadron-collider-first-detection-of-exotic-x-particles-in-quark-gluon-plasma/

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

What is the origin of dark energy?

Is dark energy wave movement traveling from the universe to the area around it? If that thing is true the dark energy has not existed in the way as people normally think it exists. It's the energy that exists only at the edge of the universe. That energy travels outside the universe and makes it lighter. 

The thing is that energy cannot form from emptiness. There must be some kind of particles that are forming the wave movement. So is the form of the dark energy negative. Negative energy means energy that travels away from the higher energetic particles. 

The main question of dark energy is: is it positive or negative energy? If the dark energy is negative. That means there is the possibility that it is the energy that travels outside the universe. Energy travels from the high energetic area to the lower energetic area. 

And that means the dark energy could be an energy that travels outside the universe. The idea is that the universe is a higher energetic area than the space around it. So energy travels away from the universe. And that thing means that the universe is turning lighter. 

One of the ideas to explain the origin of dark energy is that its origin is in gravitation quantum origins. The idea of this theory is that inside atoms and even protons and neutrons are empty places. The protons and neutrons are hadrons. Three quarks are forming those particles along with some other small elementary particles.

And there are small holes in those particles. So there is the possibility that the radiation has an extremely short wavelength and especially the short height of those waves can travel through protons and neutrons. In this theorem, the origin of the dark energy is in the oscillation of the subatomic particles. The thing is that the size of those particles is smaller than quarks. And that means a large part of the radiation that those particles are sending could travel across atoms benefiting the empty points between quarks. 

The idea of the quantum origin of gravitation is simple. The idea is that gravitation is wave movement like light. The question is does gravitation push or does it pull particles. If we think that gravitational waves are the energy that is traveling between quantum fields around atoms. There is the possibility that gravitation is an energy that affects only the quantum fields around the atom. 

What if there are large groups of free particles like quarks outside the edge of the universe? That means those particles will pull the universe behind them. 

So in this version of the theory. The gravitation would rise the force of the quantum fields in an atom. But what is the quantum field where the gravitation affects? Is it the quantum field around an atom? Or the quantum field around electrons, protons, and neutrons? The idea is that the origin of the gravitation is in the gluons that are traveling between quarks. When the gluon hits to quark it sends the wave that moves through the atom. Because that wave movement does not affect particles or that effect is extremely weak. 

That means that wave movement is invisible. And one explanation for the effect of dark energy. Is that it affects the quantum fields that are surrounding the universe. The universe is like the giant shock wave and that means there could be clouds of free quarks around the visible universe. And when dark energy hits those particles they are pulling the universe outside. 

The main question about gravitation is, is gravitation pull, or does it push objects? 

The idea is that the gravitational wave is the higher energetic area in the universe. And the thing that while the energy wave is traveling in the universe. Those particles would deliver their extra energy to the particles behind that energy wave. That wave movement could be gravitation. 

The idea of the pushing effect of the gravitation is coming from the gravitational waves. The gravitational waves travel in the universe. And the idea of the pushing model of gravitation is that when gravitational waves are moving through the particles they are turning lower energetic than particles that are inside the gravitational waves. In that version, the energy would travel backward from gravitational waves. 

So when the gravitational wave will raise the energy level of the particles. That wave is followed lower energetic area than another universe is. And that means. The wave movement that comes from those particles in the gravitational waves is hitting the particles that are behind it that wave movement would push particles in the opposite direction of the gravitational wave. 

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/could-gravitys-quantum-origins-explain-dark-energy/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_wave

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron