Searching habitable planets: could F-type stars support life?

"Researchers from the University of Texas at Arlington analyzed planets orbiting F-type stars for their habitability potential. They identified 18 systems of interest, including HD 111998, a Jupiter-like planet located in the habitable zone. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, In Search of Habitable Planets: New Study Points to F-Type Systems for Life)

The F-type stars are quite common things in the universe. Those stars are quite similar to the sun. But they are a little bit hotter. The nickname for those stars is "blue suns". Theoretically, those stars can support life on habitable planets. But could that lifeform advance to an intelligent level? Or could it even create civilizations? Honestly, we don't know. There are two facts that we often forget. 

1) An intelligent lifeform is not the same thing as a lifeform. 

2) Another thing is that the lifeform on another solar system is adapted to that planet and that solar system. 

"A simple chart for classifying the main star types using Harvard classification" (Wikipedia, Stellar classification) The F-type stars have stronger hydrogen emission lines than the G-type stars. That can cause stronger resonance in hydrogen atoms than G-type stars. Hydrogen's strong resonance or oscillation can make it harder to form water molecules than around the G-type stars. 

When we think about those two things we face an interesting fact from our own planet. Fish has as long an evolution as humans. It lives on the same planet as humans. But most of the fishes cannot live on dry ground. And human cannot live under the sea without life support system. There are lung fishes that can rise to dry land. 

But most of those fishes are trapped in their wet element. And that element is hostile to humans. As well as dry lands are hostile to fish. So we can say that fish is alien to us. 

But let's go back to the F-type stars and their planets. The F-type stars or late F-stars are only a little bit hotter than the sun. The other thing is that theoretically, all stellar types can support some kind of life form. There are so many variables that the planet must pass. One of them is that. If the habitable is too far away from the star, a large- or massive planet pulls too many cosmic wanderers to it.

And that can cause a cosmic impact that ended the existence of Formahaut B. The thing is that the F-type stars are more common than the G-type stars. And maybe, we should involve some other stars than just our own G-type star in those calculations. 

Callisto

"Model of Callisto's internal structure showing a surface ice layer, a possible liquid water layer, and an ice–rock interior" (Wikipedia, Callisto (moon))

Europa

"Model of Europa's possible interior structure, with a thin ice crust and a subsurface ocean atop a rocky mantle and metallic core" (Wikipedia, Europa (Moon))

Ganymede

"Artist's cut-away representation of the internal structure of Ganymede. Layers drawn to scale." (Wikipedia, Ganymede(Moon))

Io

"Model of the possible interior composition of Io with various features labelled." (Wikipedia, Io (moon))

Searching life from our solar system. 

All other Galilean moons than Io have subsurface oceans. That causes interesting thoughts about the existence of life on some other planet or moon in our own solar system. 

The fact is that. The cosmic life can be quite common. But most of that is more primitive than eucaryote bacteria. Another thing is that the bacteria in the form we know will not be able to send radio transmissions. Another thing is that the observations about things like fungi and their ability to learn things make it important to re-estimate intelligence. 

Learning and making decisions don't require neurons. But how intelligent that kind of creature can be? The fact is that it's quite hard to imagine walking mushrooms or fungi that are like humans. Another fact is that nobody knows where evolution goes in another solar system. All alien creatures that we see in more or less scientific films are fictional or hypothetical. Nobody ever visited another solar system. Or even on our closest neighbor planets, there are atmospheres. Most of our solar system is still unknown to us. 

The first serious attempt to find extraterrestrial lifeforms is the Europa Clipper probe that travels to Jupiter's icy moons. Flight time to that moon is 5,5 years. The planned time to arrive at Jupiter orbiter is April 11, 2030. 

There that probe tries to find out. If there are some kind of alien lifeforms under the Europa moon's icy shell. If there are no bacteria or alien bases Europa would be a good place to test what happens if that moon is polluted with bacteria. But those tests require that there are no lifeforms under the icy shell of that distant moon.

There are also oceans under the Ganymede and Callisto surfaces. And that thing makes those moons very interesting for astrobiologists. Saturn's Enceladus moon also has an ocean under its surface. That moon is quite young and that means there could be organic material from somewhere else. Or, why not lifeforms? But confirming the existence or nonexistence of lifeforms requires a probe. And that is more expensive and takes lots more time than Europa Clipper.

The flight time to another interesting moon, Saturn's Enceladus takes almost 7 years. Cassini-Huygens probe traveled to Saturn in 6 years 261 days. 

The long flight time means that those missions require more effective rockets like nuclear thermal rockets. There is one interesting model for manned missions to outer planets. The spacecraft uses gravity sling to travel to those gas giants. The idea is that mission control sends the spacecraft empty to the mission. When the spacecraft makes the last flyby during gravity acceleration and its speed is high enough the crew will dock to that craft. That minimizes the zero gravity time. But the flight time to those gas giants is still too long. 

https://scitechdaily.com/in-search-of-habitable-planets-new-study-points-to-f-type-systems-for-life/

https://scitechdaily.com/no-brains-no-problem-the-surprising-intelligence-of-fungi/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto_(moon)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_(moon)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_Clipper

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_(moon)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Io_(moon)

Wolves and men.

Game theory and everyday life

Pixelation in game theory means that. When the entirety tuns unnecessary the individuals are starting to rise. There is a point where the individual benefit will face the benefit of the entire group. The benefit of the entire group is not always the benefit of its single members. 

And at that point, there is the possibility. That benefit of the individual will win the benefit of the group. The pixelation means that the entirety is forming of the smaller and smaller subgroups. And the smallest possible sub-group is a single person or member of the group. 

When wolves are sharing their meal. They start to fight with each other That thing can use as an example where remove outcoming threats causing the entirety to turn chaotic. 

The benefit of an individual member of the group wins the benefit of the group. And that causes problems with safety when wolves start to fight with each other. 

When we think that the species want to maximize their benefit that thing will also continue in the level of individual organisms. The species is forming the main group. And then there will be the sub- or internal groups of species. That means there is always the situation where the benefit of the individual organism. Would cross benefit of the group. That thing is visible in things like wolfpacks. 

When wolves are hunting their prey they are cooperating. But when the prey is killed it's time to eat. At that moment the wolfpack would not make anything controlled. Those predators start to fight about the food. At that moment the benefit of the individual crosses the benefit of the group. When wolves are fighting about their food there is the risk. Other predators like eagles or foxes are attacking wolfpacks' small members. 

And because the hierarchy in wolfpack is extreme. There is the possibility that some pack members will not get food. Or in the most shocking cases, nobody will get food because their time will spend to fight. And the meat is frozen or some other animals steal the prey. In that case, the personal benefit that is the position in the hierarchy risks the entire group. 

The outside threat or opportunity is making the group work together. But when the goal like caribou is dead and food is ready. The internal order is gone. This is the thing that we should think about when we are making contracts. If somebody offers something cheap. We should as why that actor is making those things? Nobody offers anything for free. There is always some kind of reason for cheap offers. 

When the outside actor wants to break the alliance against itself it can offer something that it has. That offer would consist of the energy supply or some high-tech shipments. The purpose of this strategy where the other actors get cheaper offers than others is unequal to the alliance. That means some nations feel that cheap energy is the thing, that may make them leave the line. And the stick is the nuclear weapons. 

Cheap energy and natural resources are carrots. Nukes are the stick.

But they have other roles. The purpose of nukes is to increase the power of the nation. In the international arena. Nuclear weapons are meant to give extra value to the military forces. Political leaders of the country are highlighted as the persons who decide the use of nuclear weapons. Military forces are not independent. They are part of the state. They exist in all areas and sectors where that nation and state are acting. 

Those very destructing weapons make shields against outcoming attacks. But they can also use to offer an honorable way to withdraw the situation. If a country owns nuclear weapons. That guarantees that the patience against it is endless. 

People in the states are acting a little bit like wolfpacks and wolves. They are acting as a team as long that is a common benefit. The common benefit is to act for some goal like eliminating the outside threat. But when the outside threat would not exist anymore that will break the internal homogeneity of the state. The consensus will break. And the benefit of the individual members of the groups will rise above the benefit of other individuals. 

https://gamesandtehories.blogspot.com/

Thinking about intelligent life forms in space

https://avoimenkoodinmaailma.blogspot.com/

Kimmo Huosionmaa

When we are thinking about the intelligent life forms, there could be many intelligent types of aliens in the Universe, what are different than we are. In fact, we do not know any intelligent life forms in the Universe, and this is the thing, what we should think very carefully. If we are thinking about UFO:s and the things, what is claimed as aliens.


And how they act in the near of their spacecraft or what their strange saucer-shaped craft are being, we are seeing one thing, and that is those aliens or "UFO-men" would want to be sure, that there is leaving no DNA or other evidence behind them. And some people think that those creatures could be some governmental operators. But who they are, and what are they doing? This is the question.


They are using very hot steam for destroying their existence, and the craft would use bright lights for hiding its structure. So there is something wrong with those things if they are from outer space. The main question is, why they hide their identities and existence so careful? The UFO:s are using lights also limit the area, where those aliens could be sucked in the craft right away.


And sometimes those creatures is claimed to seem like some special forces operators. Sometimes I have thought about one thing about those creatures, and that might feel quite funny, but this is the evening when I want to be funny, and I will tell you this theory. This theory claims that some ancient civilization on earth created technology for spaceflight in the time of Ancient Greece.


And that civilization would be those humanoids. But this is an only theory, and I must underline, that there are not any official contacts with aliens. But SETI will continue, and maybe someday, we would get visitors from the space. Or maybe we are the visitors on other planets ourselves, and we would be intelligent aliens for some other stone-aged civilizations. Who knows the truth?

The Alien lifeforms in the television.

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/the-alien-lifeforms-in-television.html

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/the-alien-lifeforms-in-television.html