Dark matter can form black holes.

"This artist’s illustration shows a rapidly feeding black hole that is emitting powerful gas outflows. Using data from NASA’s JWST and Chandra X-ray Observatory, a team of U.S. National Science Foundation NOIRLab astronomers have discovered this low-mass black hole at the center of a galaxy just 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang. It is accreting matter at a phenomenal rate — over 40 times the theoretical limit. While short lived, this black hole’s ‘feast’ could help astronomers explain how supermassive black holes grew so quickly in the early Universe. Credit: NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/J. da Silva/M. Zamani" (ScitechDaily, Defying Physics: Supermassive Black Hole Devours 40x Faster Than Expected)

"Astronomers using the James Webb Space Telescope discovered LID-568, a supermassive black hole feeding at a rate 40 times its Eddington limit (Eddington luminosity), seen just 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang. This exceptional observation has provided new insights into black hole growth from initial ‘seeds’ and challenges current theories with its rapid accretion rate and powerful outflows.) (ScitechDaily, Defying Physics: Supermassive Black Hole Devours 40x Faster Than Expected)

"Eddington mass limit, theoretical upper limit to the mass of a star or an accretion disk. The limit is named for English astrophysicist Sir Arthur Eddington. At the Eddington mass limit, the outward pressure of the star’s radiation balances the inward gravitational force. If a star exceeds this limit, its luminosity would be so high that it would blow off the outer layers of the star. The limit depends upon the specific internal conditions of the star and is around several hundred solar masses. The star with the largest mass determined to date is R136a1, a giant of about 265 solar masses that had as much as 320 solar masses when it was formed. The Eddington mass limit explains why stars much larger than this have not been observed. In the case of an accretion disk, the outward pressure of the disk’s radiation balances the inward flow of accretion." (Britannica, Eddington mass limit)

The mystery of dark energy can get light when X- and gamma-ray telescopes combine their abilities with the JWST telescope. The JWST can search extremely distant objects with new accuracy. The JWST and other telescopes see a black hole that devours 40 times faster than it should. That distant object tells something about the universe 1,5 billion years away from the Big Bang. That thing could tell that this black hole pulls lots of dark matter inside its event horizon. 

In theories of the beginning of time and space, dark matter, dark energy, visible material, and visible energy were together. They formed entirety with time. And it's possible that in the black holes. Those things can return together. 

The supermassive black holes can form when the entire galactic nebula falls. Or they form when massive stars collapse in a supernova explosion. Theoretically, any object can turn into a black hole if something pushes its radius inside the Scwarzschild radius. That radius is unique for all masses. Also, dark matter nebulas can form black holes. The observation that all galaxies don't involve dark matter tells us that also dark matter can form black holes. 

That distant active black hole tells something about material and energy density in the young universe. The interesting thing is that. Black holes should also eat dark matter and dark energy. Those distant black holes tell about a time when the energy level in the universe was higher. 

And there was also dark matter, and dark energy had a denser form. That active black hole in the early universe tells us. That there was more material and energy than expected. The active black holes pulled the material disks around them. The material- and star formation began. That supports the model that black holes formed before stars. And they caused whirls that made the Schwinger effect possible. The quarks were first. And then they formed protons and neutrons. 

When we talk about dark energy, there is a theory that dark energy forms when high-energy fields impact quarks or protons and neutrons. There are three quarks in proton and neutron. There is also other elementary particles in the proton. When energy pike travels through those particles. It affects their spin. The particle involves a whisks-looking structure that interacts with an energy field. And that structure sends the waves into energy fields like Higgs field. And we see those waves as dark energy the wave movement. That rips the universe into pieces. 

The idea is that gravity affects dark matter and dark energy as well it affects the visible energy and visible material. The black hole is like a tensor that connects dark matter and dark energy with visible material and visible energy. The focus is on the dark matter and dark energy effect on black hole interactions. Like the visible material. And visible energy affects black holes. 

When black holes pull material and energy inside them. Those things make them send radiation and gravitational waves. If we think that in the young universe, the material was denser. There are two models of the origin of dark matter. One is that the Big Bang released visible and dark matter. And another is that dark matter existed before the Big Bang. But if the last model is true that explains many things. But anyway, dark matter density in the young universe was higher. 

That means the black hole in the young universe pulls more dark matter inside it than the black hole in the modern universe. If there is lots of dark matter around the universe, that can tell that the Big Bang did not release dark matter. In that model, matter existed before the universe. 

But in other models, dark matter is released at some stage of the Big Bang. Sometimes is introduced that the dark matter follows and goes before the bubble or layer where most visible galaxies exist. 

Today researchers find dark energy and dark matter from rocks. The idea is that when a black hole pulls a dark matter nebula inside it it can form an energy burst that can seen from ancient stones. The system must compare information on the black holes and their position to the visible nebulas. 

https://www.britannica.com/science/Eddington-mass-limit

https://scitechdaily.com/defying-physics-supermassive-black-hole-devours-40x-faster-than-expected/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-start-crazy-multimillion-dollar-plan-to-catch-dark-matter-by-studying-rocks/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddington_luminosity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzschild_radius

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor

The black holes can be the source of dark energy.

"Recent research using DESI’s advanced observations proposes a novel link between black holes and the dark energy driving the universe’s expansion. This hypothesis aligns with data showing that as black holes form and grow, dark energy density increases, supporting the idea of black holes as a source of this mysterious cosmic force. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Dark Energy Mystery: Mounting Evidence Points to Black Holes As Hidden Source)

Dark energy is wave movement. That source is unknown. The dark energy rips the universe into pieces. And that makes it interesting. In some suggestions. Dark energy is antigravity. Maybe that thing seems a very fundamental and unbelievable thing. 

But when we think of gravity as the thing. That pulls the quantum field into the gravity center. And that thing forms an electromagnetic shadow at the front of the particle. The interaction between those quantum fields forms gravity waves that travel away from the gravity center. In some theories. If gravity wave frequency is very high.  They can form energy shadows behind the objects. So if the frequency of gravity waves is high enough, they can turn gravity opposite.

Standing gravity waves can form a gravity effect without mass. Gravity waves can reflect from those structures. Or those structures can accelerate particles. At a higher speed than they should have. 

New research.suggests black holes can be a source of dark energy. The black hole can form special conditions. Where the mysterious wave movement called dark energy can form.  In some models, the hypothetical graviton particles impact with each other. Or maybe they can hit some other particles, like gluons, which can form dark energy. The black hole is one of the most fundamental objects in the universe. 

The dark energy is a mystery, that causes interesting theories. A black hole pulls the field into its event horizon. The thing is that the particle that leaves near a black hole requires lots of energy. When a particle travels against the field that falls into the black hole it can virtually travel faster than light. This is the thing that can form mysterious, still hypothetical tachyon particles. When we think of the black hole and its powerful gravity field. Maybe, this monster can also form tachyons. 

Hypothetical tachyon is hard to model and understand. Because if they exist they travel back in time. When the tachyon travels back in time, it should leave the channel through spacetime after it. That hole can form a quasiparticle that makes other particles orbit around it. That hole can bring energy from the past to the future. 

Particles that travel against the quantum field that falls into black holes can virtually cross the speed of light. Because of the impact speed with particles and the wave movement can be higher than the speed of light. Or maybe the dark energy forms in impacts between particles that impact speed is higher than the speed of light. If two gluons both travel 70% of the speed of light. The impact speed is 140% of the speed of light. 

The black hole is a mysterious thing. That thing is more complicated and more mysterious than researchers can think. In some visions, the dark energy source is the wormhole. The tornado-shaped structure in the Higgs field. 

If we think that the white hole is the place. Where the wormhole ends that still theoretical thing can be the dark energy source. The white hole might not be white in literal meaning. It's possible. That white hole releases its energy in the form of gamma rays or some other radiation forms that are invisible to the human eye. 

https://www.quantamagazine.org/it-might-be-possible-to-detect-gravitons-after-all-20241030/

https://www.thebrighterside.news/post/breakthrough-tachyon-discovery-is-a-major-leap-towards-time-travel-reality/

https://scitechdaily.com/dark-energy-mystery-mounting-evidence-points-to-black-holes-as-hidden-source/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_hole

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormhole

How to measure dark energy?

 How to measure dark energy? 

In some models, the cosmic voids are forming dark energy. In that model, the quantum fields fall into that void and impact together in them. The cosmic void acts like a vacuum bomb. 

This model means that there is a standing wave in the middle of those voids where quantum fields reflect. So what separates this thing from the gravitation? That is the wavelength of traveling electromagnetic fields and gravitation is one energy field. 

In some other versions of this model, the cosmic voids increase the speed of material vaporization. In that process, the material turns into electromagnetic wave movement. When that wave movement hits to void's edge. This impact causes energy interaction called dark energy. But this is only a hypothesis. 

So we must remember one thing. There must be many radiation wavelengths that are forming entireties called dark energy. Dark energy consists of multiple radiation wavelengths that are not visible to us or our sensors. In some models, dark energy is electromagnetic radiation that has a shorter wavelength than gamma radiation. And other side of the electromagnetic spectrum outside gravitational waves is another dark energy area. 

"Using simulated data, astronomers have depicted the sky through gravitational waves, revealing the need for space observatories to detect binary systems. Future projects like LISA aim to uncover thousands of these hard-to-detect systems, marking a paradigm shift in space observation. (Artist’s illustration — see video below for simulation.)" (ScitechDaily.com/NASA’s Cosmic Vision: Simulating Our Galaxy Through Gravitational Waves)

"Matter distribution in a cubic section of the universe. The blue fiber structures represent the matter (primarily dark matter) and the empty regions in between represent the cosmic voids".(Wikipedia, Void(astronomy)

The thing that could help to understand dark energy is to find out how it interacts with the environment. Does it interact straight with particles? Or does it interact with the particle's environment? 

When researchers want to measure how much dark energy a system contains they must know how much visible energy is in the system. Then they must find some point that they use as the benchmark. After that researchers must calculate how that anomaly behaves if it contains only visible energy. Then they must just reduce those visible energy values from the values, that sensors give. And then we must strip dark energy out of those values. 

Theoretically, that thing might seem very easy, but the problem is that dark- and visible energy affect the system together. The accuracy of the models depends on the knowledge of the system. Researchers should separate the values that visible energy gives. From the values that the dark energy and visible energy give together. And the problem is that nobody measured dark energy. Accurate calculations require the knowledge of the power of dark energy. 

But there is no quantum-scale observation from dark energy. Dark energy is visible only in large-scale systems. There is a vision that dark energy is energy that travels out from material because of cosmic expansion. In some other visions, at least part of dark energy is energy. That comes out from black holes. In that model, there are many types of dark energy. And electromagnetic spectrum continues far away from gamma- and from other side radio waves. So is there an endless number of wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum? 

When we are talking about visible energy, that thing contains many types of radiation. Gravitational waves, X, and gamma-rays are also "visible energy". And maybe we should stop thinking that things like dark energy or gravitational waves have only one wavelength. There could be many wavelengths that form gravitational waves and dark energy. So that means those energy waves can affect different points in the particles and their environment. 

That means there might be two effects that we call as gravitational effect. The first interacts straight with the particle. The second interacts with the particle through its environment. In the first version, the superstring that forms the particle's spinning shell cuts the gravitational superstring. In the second model quantum fields that travel in some kind of electromagnetic vacuum pull particles in the gravitational center. 

In some visions the black holes or their singularity spins very fast. And that interaction drives quantum fields into its poles. Then quantum field travels to that extremely dense object's poles plus the other quantum fields through the event horizon and those quantum fields pull other particles with them. 

The wavelength of the gravitational waves is thousands or even millions of kilometers. There is the possibility that gravitational interaction happens when a gravitational wave travels through the spinning particles. The spinning part is the whisk-looking superstring structure, and the gravitational wave is like a string that travels through this structure. When the superstring hits the gravitational waves it harvests energy in it. 

So if we think that gravitational waves have multiple wavelengths there is the possibility that some gravitational waves are forming an electromagnetic vacuum that causes the effect, where falling quantum fields try to fill that bubble. And those electromagnetic fields or quantum fields are pulling particles with them. 

We can see short-wave gamma- and long-wave radio waves. The gravitational waves can be thousands or even millions of kilometers long. And that makes it hard to detect them. In some models, all black holes send gravitational waves with their unique wavelengths. 

That depends on the event horizon's size. In that model, the dense energy between the transition disk and the event horizon is the point, where gravitational waves are leaving. In that case, the dense energy interacts with quantum fields sending radiation that we know as gravitational waves. 

https://scitechdaily.com/cambridge-researchers-discover-new-way-to-measure-dark-energy/

https://scitechdaily.com/nasas-cosmic-vision-simulating-our-galaxy-through-gravitational-waves/

Dark energy is one of the biggest mysteries in the universe.

 Dark energy is one of the biggest mysteries in the universe. 

Dark energy is roughly 68% of the universe. The source of dark energy is unknown. Some researchers believe that black holes are the source of that unknown wave movement that rips the universe into pieces. The idea of this theory is that the universe is full of black holes. Some of them are smaller than atoms. Every black hole is the tube or tunnel between the third and fourth dimensions. 

The dark energy would be energy, that falls from the fourth dimension into the third dimension (or dimension where we live) through black holes. When material falls in a black hole, it interacts with energy that falls from the fourth dimension or the energy level that is so high, that material cannot interact with so high-energy material. 

Black holes can cause a situation where the energy level in a material rises so high that it loses its ability to interact with other particles. If we look at image 2, the droplet that is separated from the statue is the dimension or material whose energy level is so high that it cannot interact with other materials. For making the interaction between that bubble that symbolizes the fourth dimension and the 3D material the material must form the statue that connects the 4D energy level and 3D energy levels.

If we want to model the supernova explosion as a 2D layer we can use water and droplets that hit water the model how energy interacts in black holes. The reason why it's so difficult to model black holes and supernovas is simple. We cannot model a pothole that is a ball and hovers in the air. 

The supernova explosion is like a stone or droplet that impacts water. When that stone hits water it makes a pothole in it. Then water fills that pothole impacts the point of that pothole and forms a statue. Energy- and quantum fields interact in the same way. When a supernova explosion happens it pushes quantum fields away.  

Then the quantum fields fall into that pothole they are forming energy statues or energy pillars. If the energy pillar's energy level is high enough it forms the channel to the fourth dimension. So the energy that falls from the fourth dimension to the third dimension keeps that channel open or energy statue in its form. 

The fourth dimension is the energy level. And that means when the energy level of the material rises high enough, that thing forms a situation where particles are rising out from the third dimension. That thing forms a hole in dimension. 

The thing that makes black holes black is the extremely powerful gravitational field. But how black hole can send radiation and pull particles in it? The fact is that an extremely powerful gravitational field is the result of time dilation. The black hole travels in time. The energy statue that is so high that its top cannot interact with 3D material travels back in time. That means there is a hole in the dimension. Time travels backward in a black hole because its escaping velocity is higher than the speed of light. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

Neutron stars and mountains generate gravitational waves.

    Neutron stars and mountains generate gravitational waves. 

The mountains of the neutron stars are less than milli- or micrometer class. But the neutron star is one of the densest objects in the universe. 

That means even the smallest anomalies in their form have a bigger effect than around the smaller objects. The neutron star is a very homogenous object that consists of only neutrons or a neutron-quark structure where in the middle of it is some kind of quark liquid. 

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Could the dark energy form when waves in elementary particles' quantum fields push the quantum field around them away?

Could the dark energy form when waves in elementary particles' quantum fields push the quantum field around them away? In that case, the quantum hills around the elementary particles interact like mountains on neutron stars.

There is a model that no particle in the universe is not perfectly slight. The stretch in the quantum field is a small energy wave. That means the energy wave in the elementary particle's quantum field is the thing that interacts with its environment like a neutron star's mountain interacts. 

The small anomaly whose height is probably less than a micrometer conducts gravitational waves away from the neutron star's structure. So the energy wave in the elementary particle's quantum field could be an effect that causes the dark energy. 

And there are stretches also in the shell of the elementary particles. Sometimes is introduced that when the elementary particles spin very fast, the stretches on it's quantum field push the outside quantum fields away. And that thing causes the effect called Dark Energy. 

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Artist's depiction of a highly magnetize neutron star known as a magnetar. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/S. Wiessinger (Phys.org/Researchers: If neutron stars have mountains, they should generate gravitational waves)

And then neutron star's mountains can generate gravitational waves. 

Researchers say that neutron star's mountains can generate gravitational waves. There is a possibility that neutron stars can be mountains and mountain areas. Those things' height is less than a millimeter. But they are acting as antennas that make anomalies or points with different strengths in neutron star gravitational waves. 

The "mountain" on the neutron star conducts gravitational waves out from the neutron star's core. A fast-rotating neutron star turns that point in different directions. The neutron star's gravitational field is extremely dense. The thing that limits the height of the mountains is gravity. The neutron star is an extremely slight object, and even if one neutron is on the above others can cause visible interaction. 

Also, mountains on Earth can act as those neutron star's mountains. And that means Earth can send gravitational waves that are far weaker than neutron star's gravitational waves.  

Sometimes people ask why neutron stars are not deacy. Or why neutrons in neutron stars do not decay. The reason for that is energy that comes from outside the neutron star. A neutron star pulls material like plasma into it. And those ions and anions will travel to it's poles. 

The neutron star itself is in a bubble. That sends radiation into it. The loss of energy is the thing that causes the neutron's death. When neutrons are in space they send photons. Whenever a neutron sends a photon, it loses its energy. And when enough energy is gone, the quantum field around the neutron cannot keep it in its form. And that causes decay. There are lots of neutrons in neutron stars, so if one of them decays that has no effect in a short period. 

The thing is that strong gravity with weak nuclear interaction are things, that keep neutron stars in their form. The gravitational waves can form in mountains of those things. Or the strings between those neutrons are pushing quantum fields around that strange structure. And there is the possibility that that interaction forms gravitational waves. 

Another thing is the fast rotation speed. The neutron star will dilate time because of outcoming energy, and a strong gravitational field. And also fast rotation speed slows time at a neutron star's shell. The outcoming energy causes a situation where the neutrons get new energy. And that denies their decay. 

https://phys.org/news/2023-09-neutron-stars-mountains-generate-gravitational.html

Does the dark matter has a particle form at all?

Dark matter means the mystery gravitational effect. The thing that forms this effect can be the material. Which elementary particles have a different size than the elementary particles of visible material have. 

That thing means that the wave movement that those particles are sending has the wavelength that makes it invisible. Another version of dark matter is that thing has no particle form at all. That means dark matter is the wave movement called dark energy. 

Image 2 is the neutron. The gluons jump between quarks. Neutron is formed of two down quarks and one up quarks and gluons. The image could portray a proton. Because it has a similar internal structure with a neutron. But the proton is formed by one down quark and two up quarks and gluons. 

The wavelength that those quantum tornadoes or rotating quantum channels are sending. Would be different than other particles sending. That thing makes the wave movement invisible. And maybe axions are hiding in those quantum tunnels. There is the possibility that there is a quantum vacuum in those tunnels. And that means outcoming energy pushes those quarks to one entirety. 

Image 2: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron

The mass of hypothetical axion-particles could tell the form of the dark matter. The thing is that the cosmology is that the dark energy is one of the mysteries that can solve another mystery. The mysteries of the dark universe is the thing that can solve where the material came from. 

The name axion of that theoretical particle is coming to an idea that the form of that thing could be elongated. Theories are telling that material is formed in wave-particle duality. That was caused by the mysterious event called  Big Bang. The question about the Big Bang is interesting. Was that thing released only energy that impacted with wave movement that already exists? And that impact caused the wave-particle duality that formed the visible universe. 

The thing is that dark matter is the mysterious gravitational effect. That means that there is the possibility that dark matter has not necessarily have a particular form. The dark energy or a dark wave movement that affects some extremely small particles can cause mysterious gravitational effects. That wave movement can affect the gluons and make them heavier or put them to a higher energy level than they should. 

The form of Dark matter is interesting. And maybe quite soon the researchers can answer two questions.

1) Is dark matter similar material with the visible material? That means the dark matter could turn to wave movement and otherwise. But if dark energy is the same thing as dark matter. That means the dark energy could create the gravitational effect. 

So that means the dark matter would not necessarily have the particle form. The dark wave movement that affects the gluons or some superstrings could cause the mysterious gravitational effect called "dark matter". 

2) And can the dark matter form atoms or molecules? Like visible material? The galaxies where is no dark matter is an interesting detail. 

That tells that dark matter can form the structures like visible material. But are those dark matter structures some kind of clouds of nebulas formed of dark matter? Or is there some kind of more complicated structures that are formed of dark matter? 

The weakness in the Big Bang theory is that it doesn't answer where the thing that exploded came from? 

The Big Bang theory is always the solution for the origin of the material. But where did the material or wave movement  Big Bang released come from? The moment of the Big Bang is point zero in the universe's history. But what happened in the point minus one (-1)? 

There was something that released the material to the universe. Or is it so? If we think that dark matter is the dominating form of material. There is a possibility that the crossing wave movement turned the dark matter into visible material. 

So if the dark matter is similar material with the visible material. The answer for the Big Bang can cause because of the wave-particle duality. But getting acceptance of this theory dark matter should have a similar particle form with the visible material. 

There is the possibility that the wave-particle duality forms when the quantum fields of the particles will touch each other. That thing can cause quantum friction or quantum spark. That thing will turn the quantum field or the superstring that forms that quantum field turns to a roll or yarn ball-shaped structure.  

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

Is dark matter the result of imperfect annihilation?

 

 

 

Dark matter is a mystery. There are some suspected impacts with material and dark matter in particle accelerators. But otherwise, that thing is a mystery. Dark matter could be the source of dark energy. 

There is the possibility. That dark energy is similar to neutron radiation. When radiation hits dark matter. It would release extra energy in the form of radiation or wave movement. 

Dark matter is the gravitational effect. That dominates the universe. There is the possibility that the imperfect annihilation caused the part of the material to turn to the thing that we are calling visible material. There is about 15% of material in the universe. That is visible to us. Last of it is the mysterious thing that interacts only by gravitation with visible material. 

But when we are thinking about its form there is one thing that might explain why dark matter is not visible. If we think about the string theory the material is like a yarn ball. And annihilation reaction is the case where the strings of those yarn balls are opening. 

The string theory describes the material as the ball that is formed of wave movement. There is the possibility that if the energy level of the impacting particles is not the same the annihilation would not be perfect. 

So could the dark matter be the result of the imperfect annihilation? That means that material turns to energy when a particle and its anti-particle pair will impact. The case where two particles are turning to energy is true when the particles have the same mass. 

But if the other yarn ball is bigger the annihilation is imperfect. The case is that if the energy level of the participants of annihilation is not symmetrical. And another participant is higher energetic than others the annihilation would not turn the entire material into energy. 

When the material is turning to energy in the material-antimatter impact means the impact of particles releases only the same number of strings as the lighter particle has. If we think of those particles as the yarn balls. The particle is at a higher energy level than the other is a bigger yarn ball. 

The idea is that when a particle hits its mirror particle it can turn only its mass of material to energy. So if the electron and positron are impacting and the energy level of the other participant of the annihilation is higher. That causes that there are remainings of the higher energetic particle. 

So, at the beginning of the universe. There was the Big Bang. The event, that released all material and energy to the universe. Or there is a theory that at the first released wave movement. Then that wave movement turned to particle-antiparticle pairs. And after that happened the big annihilation that formed the elementary particles. 

But if we are thinking about the Big Bang. And particle wave-movement duality we are facing one interesting thing. When crossing wave movements form material. They are forming the antimatter-material pairs. So that thing means that there is the possibility that the energy levels of those particle pairs were different. 

And that means the annihilation between them would be imperfect. So if we think like that. There is the possibility that the asymmetry in annihilation caused the visible material and dark matter to form. 

The energy asymmetry causes an effect. The particles of dark matter and visible material are not the same sizes. So we cannot see the radiation that comes from the dark matter. So could that radiation be dark energy? There is the possibility that dark energy is similar to neutron radiation. That thing would form. 

When the particles of dark matter will stress with radiation. And after energy stress, those invisible particles will release their extra energy as a radiation burst. The fact is that dark matter is dominating. And should we ask like this? Is the visible material result of imperfect annihilation? 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annihilation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_particle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

Are the mysterious gravitons and dark matter the yet unknown states of well-known particles?

There is the possibility that dark energy is multiple wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation which has many sources. Those sources can be Higgs bosons, free quarks, and gluons. The quantum channels or quantum tornadoes can also send radiation. 

Also, there is the possibility that the supermassive black holes are sending radiation whose wavelength is extremely low. Also, the mesons are sending some kind of radiation when they are splitting. 

When we are looking at the image of protons and neutrons. We can see also gluons. Gluons are transporter particles of a strong nuclear force. The gluons are traveling in the protons and neutrons between quarks. And behind those particles is the channel. When those subatomic particles are jumping between quarks. They are forming the vacuum behind them. But also those particles are sending the electromagnetic impact wave. 

That impact wave is similar to the pressure wall the objects send when they travel in the air. But the electromagnetic or quantum cone is made of electromagnetic wave movement or quantum field.

So the thing is that there is the possibility that the source of the dark energy is the dark matter. That term means that dark matter is the material whose only known interaction with material is gravitation. But there is the possibility that dark matter is the free quarks and gluons. When quarks and gluons are sending radiation the wavelength of that radiation is the same as the diameter of quarks and gluons. 

That means we have difficulties detecting that radiation. Also, short-living particles like Higgs bosons are sending radiation with their unique wavelength. That means that there is the possibility that dark matter is well-known, but maybe short-living particles. The thing is that the quantum channels behind the gluons are also sending wave movement. The reason why we cannot observe dark energy is that. We don't know what particle sends that wave movement. 

The same thing is the graviton. The mysterious hypothetical gravitation transporter particle. There is the possibility that it is some kind of gluon. Or maybe it's the so-called free gluon. Normally the gluons exist only in the protons and neutrons. 

There they transport the strong nuclear force. But there is the possibility that somewhere in the universe is free gluons. 

Things like Higgs bosons are sending wave movement during their short lifetime. When that particle is turning to wave movement the wave movement that it sends remains. 

There is another theory of the origin of dark energy. And that thing is that the origin of that mysterious wave movement is in the small "quantum vacuums". Those miniature WARP bubbles are pulling wave movement through it. Even those bubbles are smaller than electrons. 

They act like other low-energy areas. Energy travels always from the higher energy level to the lower energy level. 

The wave movement travels through those bubbles and hits the quantum field at the other side of that bubble. That impact sends the radiation. And that means there is possible that this kind of phenomenon can also form dark energy. The quantum-size black holes are also curving the wave movement. And that causes the energy flow. Also, things like supermassive black holes are sending the radiation which wavelength is the size of their event horizon. 

So how does this connected with dark energy? Here I repeat the words from the begin of this text. There is the possibility that dark energy is multiple wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation which has many sources. 

Those sources can be Higgs bosons, free quarks, and gluons. The quantum channels or quantum tornadoes can also send radiation. Also, there is the possibility that the supermassive black holes are sending radiation whose wavelength is extremely low. Also, the mesons are sending some kind of radiation when they are splitting. 

Even if we don't know quark and gluon nebulas there is a possibility. That those nebulas are existing somewhere in the universe. Outside the supergroups of galaxies might be a state of matter that is existing only in extremely cold and stable conditions. There is the possibility. That there is a large mass of free quarks and gluons. If the distance of those particles is too high. That causes gluons cannot tie the quarks to one entirety. 

And that denies the forming of protons and neutrons. Maybe, those gluon and quark clouds exist only in the world where the disturbance and level of wave movement are minimal. And the distance of the particles is far higher than in our galaxy. Maybe James Webb-telescope gives answers for that kind of thing. 

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

  

 Physicists are quite sure that the multiverse exists.

Image 1

If somebody wants to say that "certainly multiverse" does not exist I must say. That history is full of things. That was "certainly do not exist". Things like exoplanets, exosolar systems, and even other galaxies are mentioned as the product of imagination. Our knowledge of the universe expands all the time. And we must remember that Edwin Hubble found other galaxies in the 1920s during the researched spiral nebulae. 

Long time people believed that the Milky Way was the galaxy and other galaxies orbit it.  Now we know that there are many galaxies in the universe. But the fact is that the reason why those galaxies are spirals is just confirmed. 

The spiral structure of galaxies is the reason for supermassive black holes that are forming that whirl around them. Without supermassive black holes, the formation of the spiral structures is impossible because the supermassive black holes are acting like axel in that structure. 

But is it possible that deep inside the universe is a hyper massive black hole? The size or diameter of those predicted monsters' event horizons is larger than galaxies. The beginning of that theory is in the hypothesis that. 

When the Big Bang happened. A part of the material dropped to the black hole that formed just after the explosion. Some scientists believe that the Big Bang was a white hole where the material was released. 

But then we might say that now we know more things about the universe than ever before. And surely, there are other universes. The reason for that is that universe is a bubble. That formed after the Big Bang. And, of course, there should be other big Bangs and other universes. 

Image 2) Cosmic microwave background (CMB). Note the blue areas which are cold points in CMB.

Three facts support that theory. 

1) The cold spots in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). 

Those cold spots are seen as blue areas in the image. There are suspicions that the reason for those cold areas is the enormous eruptions. 

The caliber of those eruptions is larger than any supermassive black hole can ever create. And one explanation could be that the extremely powerful radiation effect which source is outside the universe is the reason for those blue areas. The source of that energy could be in another universe. 

Because energy cannot form from emptiness. There must be some material that forms energy. And that material must locate in another universe. 

2 Dark flow. 

For some unknown reason, some extremely large galaxy supergroups are flowing in the common direction in the universe. There are two possible explanations for that thing. The other could explain the fark flow by another universe. 

Another explanation is the energy flow that travels outside the universe. And that thing means that the energy will push galaxies in the same direction. 

2.1) Maybe some extremely powerful gravitational effect will make those galaxy groups travel in the common direction. The other universe can cause that effect. 

But there might be giant dark matter clouds. That causes a similar effect. The fact is that the "dark" means that the reason for that flow is unknown. 

2.2) The energy flow outside the universe. Because the energy level of the universe is higher than the space around it. Energy travels from the universe to the lower energy areas. 

So the dark flow can be the reason for some kind of asymmetry in that flow. And the question is there something outside the universe that causes the dark flow? 

3)  The part of dark energy could be the wave movement that hits the halo of the universe. Or maybe dark energy is the wave movement which source is in the other universes. 

The part of dark energy could be the wave movement that hits the halo of the universe. Every single star and galaxy is surrounded by plasma. The size of that ball can be millions of light-years. 

There is the possibility. That also entire universe is surrounded by that kind of plasma. Which is extremely thin. When that plasma is impacted by outcoming radiation. That causes the effect that the material inside it will get energy. 

The plasma ball will also conduct the outcoming energy in the middle of the universe. And if there is some kind of material that can receive that energy it sends it back in the wavelength that is the size of those particles. 

If the source of the radiation is in the particles. Which size is different than particles in our universe. That means we cannot see that radiation. So there is the possibility that other universes are a form of material that is invisible to us. 

If that material has different size particles that make it "dark". Dark matter means material that is invisible to us. And the reason for that. Could be that the quarks of that material are a different size. 

Which is the size of the quarks of visible material is. So the only possible interaction between those particles and particles of visible material is gravitation. 

There is also a theory about "dark Big Bangs". That theory is that even inside our universe is forming new universes. We cannot see those universes because they are formed of dark matter. Even those other universes have existed they might be invisible to us. And there is the possibility that some of those universes are formed of antimatter. Even in our universe is suspected of being the stars and galaxies that are formed of antimatter. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/physicists-multiverse-exists/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_flow

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble

Image 1: https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/physicists-multiverse-exists/

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

Dark matter and its relationship to parallel universe theory.

Image 1

Is parallel universe or multiverse theory science or science fiction? The answer is that theories are theories until they can be proven true or false. That's why we might say that multiverse is only a theory. 

But if a multiverse exists we can explain dark energy by using the multiverse theory as the base. And simply saying that outside gravitational effect from other universes causes the expansion of the universe. So the fact is that if the other universes exist they are there can we see them or not. The ability to observe the thing doesn't affect its existence. 

The thing that makes the dark matter so interesting is that is invisible to us. It's similar material with other materials. But we just cannot see it. 

There is no evidence about the existence of other universes. There was one big thing or hype that NASA has found the mirror universe. 

But that thing was a so-called false alarm. The article that caused that alarm was the highlight that "NASA has found new universe". But the original article told about exoplanets. 

The existence of other universes would explain why we cannot see dark energy or dark matter. The radiation and gravitation source outside the universe could explain dark matter and dark energy. But there is no observation about other universes. 

Theory about mirror-universe. 

So sometimes is introduced an interesting hypothesis that dark matter is the superposition of the visible material. The thing is that the dark matter would be opposite to the visible material. The origin of that idea is in the hypothesis. 

That during the Big Bang, the fast-spinning black hole formed two bubbles of material. Or rather saying send two rays of radiation to the opposite directions. And both of those wave movement rays would turn to the universe. 

That means the material would be the superposition. If the material is a superposition that would explain why we cannot see the dark matter. The thing that makes the superposition is the radiation that comes behind the dominating particle. The term means that the oscillation of the dominating particle would copy to the recessive particle. 

And when the wave movement travels through the universe the power of that radiation would get lower. That means the superpositioned particles would be a little bit different in size. Maybe that thing is meanless if the distance of superposition is a couple of hundred meters. But when the distance of those particles is about billions of light-years that thing has a mean. 

What if dark matter doesn't exist? The thing that can explain the expansion of the universe is the outcoming gravitational effect. So what if dark matter does not exist? Does that close the dark energy away? 

Dark energy is not connected to dark matter. That means the dark matter is the wave movement which origin is unknown. Sometimes the empty bubbles of the universe are introduced as the source of dark energy. The origin of those bubbles is interesting because something has been pulling material away from those areas. The reason for that is the introduced black holes. But there seems to be not that kind of object. 

So could the reason why those mysterious bubbles are formed the vaporized black hole. Or is it some mysterious radiation that has pushed material away from those bubbles? Sometimes even the anti gravitation has been introduced as the reason why those bubbles formed. 

And in the wildest theories, there are new universes formed in those bubbles. In some versions of those theories, our universe is also a bubble in the far bigger universe. If the material of our universe has different size particles than other universes we cannot see that other universe. 

Image 2: The relations of the parts of the universe. And as you see the most dominating effect is dark energy. The part of visible material is only a couple of percent. That's why we should not call visible material "regular material". There are unconfirmed theories that also dark matter can form dark or invisible atoms.

But those theories are just theories. The confirmation of those theories requires that the researchers would know dark matter better. And the fact is that the only observation of dark matter is the gravitational interaction. So there is needed much more research to confirm that theory. 

How do empty bubbles form dark energy?

When some particles like neutrinos or gluons are released near the empty bubble their speed can cross the speed of light in the regular universe. There is no medium in those empty bubbles. That means the speed of photons and other particles is higher in those bubbles. And when those particles hit the medium they release their extra energy as radiation. 

The thing that can prove that dark matter does not exist is the existence of other universes. If the parallel universes are true, that means the outcoming gravitational effect will expand our universe. 

The thing is that these kinds of theories are interesting.  And there is one thing that can break the hypothesis of dark matter. But otherwise, if the dark matter forms similar structures with visible material. The question is: why cannot form invisible universes? 

There is one thing that can erase the dark matter.  That thing is the parallel universe theory. If there is another universe or bubbles of material the gravitational effect of those bubbles can explain the universe's expansion. 

But the thing is that those hypothetical other universes might hide behind giant clouds of dust and matter. They might be so dim that the light of our universe and its objects are covering their existence. But there is another explanation. And that is that those hypothetical other universes are formed of dark matter. 

What if those parallel universes are formed of a material. Which particles are a different size than particles in our universe? That means they are formed of dark matter. 

https://astronomy.com/news/2020/12/is-the-multiverse-theory-science-fiction-or-science-fact

https://www.livescience.com/truth-behind-nasa-mirror-parallel-universe.html

https://scitechdaily.com/building-an-innovative-cross-border-dark-matter-experiment-deep-underground-during-a-pandemic/

https://www.space.com/32728-parallel-universes.html

https://www.space.com/40584-parallel-universe-aliens-survive-dark-energy.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiverse

Image 1:https://astronomy.com/news/2020/12/is-the-multiverse-theory-science-fiction-or-science-fact

Image 2:https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/d/Dark+Energy

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

What is the origin of dark energy?

Is dark energy wave movement traveling from the universe to the area around it? If that thing is true the dark energy has not existed in the way as people normally think it exists. It's the energy that exists only at the edge of the universe. That energy travels outside the universe and makes it lighter. 

The thing is that energy cannot form from emptiness. There must be some kind of particles that are forming the wave movement. So is the form of the dark energy negative. Negative energy means energy that travels away from the higher energetic particles. 

The main question of dark energy is: is it positive or negative energy? If the dark energy is negative. That means there is the possibility that it is the energy that travels outside the universe. Energy travels from the high energetic area to the lower energetic area. 

And that means the dark energy could be an energy that travels outside the universe. The idea is that the universe is a higher energetic area than the space around it. So energy travels away from the universe. And that thing means that the universe is turning lighter. 

One of the ideas to explain the origin of dark energy is that its origin is in gravitation quantum origins. The idea of this theory is that inside atoms and even protons and neutrons are empty places. The protons and neutrons are hadrons. Three quarks are forming those particles along with some other small elementary particles.

And there are small holes in those particles. So there is the possibility that the radiation has an extremely short wavelength and especially the short height of those waves can travel through protons and neutrons. In this theorem, the origin of the dark energy is in the oscillation of the subatomic particles. The thing is that the size of those particles is smaller than quarks. And that means a large part of the radiation that those particles are sending could travel across atoms benefiting the empty points between quarks. 

The idea of the quantum origin of gravitation is simple. The idea is that gravitation is wave movement like light. The question is does gravitation push or does it pull particles. If we think that gravitational waves are the energy that is traveling between quantum fields around atoms. There is the possibility that gravitation is an energy that affects only the quantum fields around the atom. 

What if there are large groups of free particles like quarks outside the edge of the universe? That means those particles will pull the universe behind them. 

So in this version of the theory. The gravitation would rise the force of the quantum fields in an atom. But what is the quantum field where the gravitation affects? Is it the quantum field around an atom? Or the quantum field around electrons, protons, and neutrons? The idea is that the origin of the gravitation is in the gluons that are traveling between quarks. When the gluon hits to quark it sends the wave that moves through the atom. Because that wave movement does not affect particles or that effect is extremely weak. 

That means that wave movement is invisible. And one explanation for the effect of dark energy. Is that it affects the quantum fields that are surrounding the universe. The universe is like the giant shock wave and that means there could be clouds of free quarks around the visible universe. And when dark energy hits those particles they are pulling the universe outside. 

The main question about gravitation is, is gravitation pull, or does it push objects? 

The idea is that the gravitational wave is the higher energetic area in the universe. And the thing that while the energy wave is traveling in the universe. Those particles would deliver their extra energy to the particles behind that energy wave. That wave movement could be gravitation. 

The idea of the pushing effect of the gravitation is coming from the gravitational waves. The gravitational waves travel in the universe. And the idea of the pushing model of gravitation is that when gravitational waves are moving through the particles they are turning lower energetic than particles that are inside the gravitational waves. In that version, the energy would travel backward from gravitational waves. 

So when the gravitational wave will raise the energy level of the particles. That wave is followed lower energetic area than another universe is. And that means. The wave movement that comes from those particles in the gravitational waves is hitting the particles that are behind it that wave movement would push particles in the opposite direction of the gravitational wave. 

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/could-gravitys-quantum-origins-explain-dark-energy/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_wave

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron

The dark matter and the "Big Bang" theory (What was before the Big Bang?)

Kimmo Huosionmaa

The parallel universe theory could be only the academical "joke" without one thing, what astronomers have found. They have discovered the thing, that there is too much matter in the universe and this dark matter, what would not send any kind of radiation makes one thing happen. There is also found the thing, called "dark energy" in the universe, and that means that the dark matter exists. There were actually found also the "dark energy, and this was sometimes explained that at the beginning of the history, just in the time of "Big Bang" was too much energy in the universe.


The "dark energy" is actually the gravitation, what caused by this dark matter, what is actually mostly atomized hydrogen, or there is a theory, that the dark matter is something more exotic. But normally I have thought that this dark matter is hydrogen or some other things like protons, what means ionized hydrogen or electrons. If the dark matter would be electrons, that thing would be noticed as the radio signals, that comes from nowhere. And maybe the "three-kelvin radiation" is part of the dark matter.


But when we are thinking about the source of that matter, what we cannot see straight, but we can see the gravitation of this so-called "dark matter", because of all calculations, what is made for calculating the universe movements are sometimes very inaccurate, what means that something disturbs metering of the objects. And when we are thinking, where that matter is coming from, there is one explanation for that. This is that just after "Big bang" the universe were full of quasars and black holes, what just exploded. In the theory of the "Big Bang", the universe was actually the hypermassive black hole, what was started to send photons.


The origin of that black hole would be in the universe, what was existed before our own universe. This supermassive particle would involve all material, what was in that past universe, And it was in the middle of nowhere in the empty space, and if the supermassive particle  would not get anything in it, would that thing cause that the black hole starts to pull the material away as a "Hawking's radiation", and because the black hole would lose its mass the steaming if the black hole would go faster and faster. And suddenly it would explode.


Somebody like me has sometimes thought that maybe "Big Bang" was caused by the impact of two hypermassive black holes, and another of those particles were antimatter, wah caused the very huge explosion. Sometimes I have seen theories, about the "Big Bang" that this very rough phenomenon, what can actually be caused by the thing, that two interplanetary nebulas were impacted together, and if another one was antimatter cloud, would the released energy level be very huge.


 When we are thinking about that theory, the different electric charges would drive those clouds together, and the annihilation would cause the born of the universe. And because annihilation, what happens when antimatter and matter touch together and the origin of dark matter could be explained that at the beginning of the universe was too much energy, and that caused that there is a matter what was not calculated.

When those clouds of antimatter and matter touched together, the annihilation caused the very big explosion, and in this case, That phenomenon would be known as the "Big Bang"  But there is another theory about the existence of the dark matter. That is that there is another universe in somewhere, and the wormhole or singularity would transfer material between another universe and our universe. This theory is very often passed in the TV-programs, but if some matter comes from another universe, would it increase the mass in our universe.

Sources:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annihilation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy


https://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/