There is lots of carbon and water in samples that Osiris REx took from Asteroid Bennu.

   There is lots of carbon and water in samples that Osiris REx took from Asteroid Bennu.

There is lots of carbon and water in samples that Osiris REx took from Asteroid Bennu. This is an important thing. If we search for the origin of life. Asteroid Bennu is about 4,5 billion years old. Bennu's location is at a longer distance from the Sun than the asteroid where the Japanese took their samples to Earth. That means minerals on Bennu faced less electromagnetic radiation and other changes. 

Sometimes researchers think. Bennu might be part of some protoplanet that some catastrophe destroyed in the early solar system.

There are also remnants of clay. That means the protoplanet might have water on its shell or atmosphere. The clay could form when that protoplanet is destroyed by gravity or impact. 

In that process, water impacts with minerals that fly away from that destroying protoplanets. The effect raised the speed of those particles to a hypersonic level. 

During that process, some effect like impact energy transforms the planet into an asteroid cloud. Hot and liquid minerals interacted with vapor in that protoplanet's atmosphere forming the clay. 

In that scenario, there was no liquid water on that extremely hot protoplanet that formed Bennu. The water was vapor that formed the clay in seconds. And the asteroid Bennu is one of the remnants of that planet. 

And when some catastrophe destroyed that planet. Vapor in its atmosphere interacts with melted minerals. The thing that destroyed the protoplanet was the impact of another protoplanet. Or maybe its spin's speed was so high that centripetal forces destroyed that planet, which was liquid magma with vapor in its atmosphere. 

An artist's depiction of the hypothetical impact of a planet. Like Theia and the Earth". There is the possibility that Bennu formed in that kind of impact. (Wikipedia.com/Theia (planet))

But in wild vision that protoplanet could have a solid shell. And then some impact destroyed it. There is lots of carbon in that asteroid. That element is vital for life forms. Bennu samples tell that it's possible that in the young solar system was at least one planet more than the Earth that could form lifeforms. 

But that planet is lost in impact or some gravitational effect before life can begin or it got a solid shell. So the history of that planet was short. And maybe it stayed as a planetoid. The early ages in the solar system were violent, and many planets and moons faced their fate in cosmic catastrophes. 

Theia was a protoplanet that impacted Earth forming the Moon. 

If the Moon formed at the same side, where Theia impacted. It got its beginning from the giant droplet. 

If the Moon formed the opposite side from Theia's impact. It formed from the giant shockwave that traveled through the Earth. 

Also, Earth impacted another planet called Theia in its younghood. That other protoplanet's remnants remain in Earth's magma. Sometimes is speculated that the gravity hole in the Indian Ocean has something to do with particles forming clouds in magma. The position of that cloud is the thing that causes the gravity anomaly. And there is a possibility that those particles are from Theia.

Another interesting thing is the missing continent that remains at the Pacific bottom near New Zealand. That area is called Zealand. That lost continent could have lots of material from Theia. And if that material was heavier than other rock. It means it falls to the mantle. 

But Theia completely vanished in that catastrophe.  During that impact Earth's shell was liquid. And that could save our planet from turning into an asteroid cloud. The impact with another protoplanet formed the Moon or at least part of it. 

When the large, almost small planet-size asteroid impacted young Earth before its shell was solid. Theia sends material to the orbital trajectory. And the question is: did our moon form on the same side where Theia impacted? In that case, Theia sends a giant droplet to space. And that droplet turned to the Moon. In another vision, Theia sent a giant shockwave through the Earth, and the Moon formed the opposite side to Theia's impact. 

https://edition.cnn.com/2023/10/11/world/osiris-rex-bennu-asteroid-sample-reveal-scn/index.html

https://edition.cnn.com/2020/06/23/australia/zealandia-maps-intl-hnk-scli-scn/index.html

https://www.businessinsider.com/zealandia-geology-map-lost-eighth-continent-sunken-underwater-2023-9?r=US&IR=T

https://www.freethink.com/space/bennu-asteroid-sample-osiris-rex

https://science.nasa.gov/mission/osiris-rex/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theia_(planet)

Webb found carbon dioxide and methane in the exoplanet's atmosphere.

 Webb found carbon dioxide and methane in the exoplanet's atmosphere. 

Exoplanet K2-18b is an ocean planet, an 8,6 times Earth's mass world, that is covered by ocean. The planet's size is something between Earth And Neptune. The planet is one of them that orbits a red dwarf in its habitable zone. And that thing makes those findings interesting. 

The water world might not host intelligent lifeforms. But there is a possibility that in that giant ocean swims some kind of organisms. The existence of those organisms like cells and amoebas, and probably fish-like creatures, is not sure. 

Confirming those things requires more observations. But methane and carbon dioxide are promising things that could show the existence of some underwater organisms. But the distance to K2-18b is 120 light years. 

And that means we cannot confirm the existence of those hypothetical primitive creatures. And at that point, I must say that at least on Earth even the tiniest organisms traveled through as long evolution as humans. And that thing causes interesting visions. Confirming the existence of the fish-shaped, non-intelligent aliens is far more difficult than confirming the intelligent and technically advanced race's existence. 

The reason for that is the intelligent, technically advanced civilization leaves technical signatures like pollution and night lights. The problem is that if the aliens are at the level of cavemen they would not leave strong technical signatures. 

The water layer protects those lifeforms against the red dwarf's flares. And that means the K2-18b is a good candidate for hosting primitive lifeforms. In some visions, the future astronauts could live under the ice in stations that hover in oceans of Jupiter and Saturn's icy moon. In that case, the water layer covers astronauts against cosmic radiation. 

There is the possibility that primitive lifeforms that could look like crustaceans or fishes could be quite common in the universe. The thing is that those lifeforms are interesting, and if somebody could confirm to find a planet that hosts extraterrestrial lifeforms that would be a scientific sensation. But those primitive lifeforms are not a thing that affects us. The thing that researchers want and are afraid to find is an intelligent, technically advanced culture. 

https://interestingengineering.com/science/water-on-exoplanet-k2-18b-webb-finds-possible-molecular-clues

https://scitechdaily.com/beyond-earth-webb-space-telescope-detects-key-molecules-on-exoplanet-k2-18-b/

   

 ExoMars discovered water from the Mars Grand Canyon.

Image 1

"Artist’s impression of Mars Express. The background is based on an actual image of Mars taken by the spacecraft’s high resolution stereo camera. Credit: Spacecraft image: ESA/ATG medialab; Mars: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin" (ScitechDaily/ExoMars Discovers Hidden Water in Mars’ Grand Canyon – The Largest Canyon in the Solar System)

The finding of water is the big step for the plans that made for creating a manned Mars station in the future. And also that water can use as fuel in the sample returning mission. In the last case, that water will break electrolytically into oxygen and hydrogen. And the rocket that rises samples to orbiter can use those elements as fuel and oxygen. 

A similar mixture is used in the Saturn V rocket's second and third stages. The use of hydrogen and oxygen mean that the rocket is leaving only water behind it. The thing that causes pollution in the hydrogen-oxygen rocket is the electrolytic process. The creation of electricity for the electrolysis requires some kind of power system. 

"ESA’s ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) has discovered large amounts of water locked up within Mars’ extensive canyon system, Valles Marineris. Credit: From I. Mitrofanov et al. (2021)"(SciTechDaily/ExoMars Discovers Hidden Water in Mars’ Grand Canyon – The Largest Canyon in the Solar System)

Where do we need a Mars station?

The 3D printing system that can use materials that are taken from Mars would make the creation of the Mars station easier. It makes construction work more flexible and faster. So with the first thing that would land on Red Planet would be the chamber where is a 3D printer. That thing makes it possible that every nail and screw must not carry from the Earth to that planet. 

The first Mars station would be primitive. Its purpose is to give experiences about the structures on the surface of Mars. And at the later stage, the mission of those primitive stations is to work as restrooms for crews that are building more capable and larger stations on that planet. But if those construction works can made by using robots everything would be easier and faster.

Robots can operate non-stop, and they would not require humans all the time. So the first thing that lands on Mars could be the 3D printer system that creates robots and tools on that planet. That thing guarantees that there is no need for taking every spare part from the Earth. And also, broken robots can replace very easily. 

In that futuristic Mars -base will test things like closed nutrient circulation. Of course, those futuristic and still theoretical systems. Must have already been tested at the Moon. But on Mars, there is needed nuclear power or some kind of fuel cells that create electricity to the station in the nighttime. 

Image 3: Pinterest

Similar systems can use on the Moon. But Mars is farther away from Earth. If there are some kind of problems on the Moon station the rescue crew will reach it in five days. The Mars station must be more independent. The Mars station might play a big role for asteroid-belt missions and in far away in future, the Mars station might offer a resting place for missions to the outer solar system. 

If we would want to use electrolytic created oxygen in an artificial atmosphere of Mars or some other space station we must remember that pure oxygen is dangerous. If there is a fire at the distant station the pure oxygen causes the detonation. So in that kind of purpose in the gas. Must involve the inhibitor gas that is lowing the reactivity of the gas. 

The thing is that the vegetables and algae are offering a good way to create oxygen for the space station. Those things can use as a nutrient. Then the next challenge is that the Mars station is far away from Earth. The journey to that place will take 260 days. So that thing means that if there is some kind of leak the lost gas must replace. 

In some scenarios, the robots would make the station ready. And then the nutrient and algae are put for growing in that structure. The light and nutrients are dosing extremely carefully. The active carbon filtering systems will work along with biological systems. And that will make the atmosphere suitable, safe, and comfortable for the people who will take their stand in that still hypothetic Mars station. 

The structure can first fill by using carbon dioxide and then vegetables and algae will transform the atmosphere suitable for breathing while the humans are coming to make their stand. In those scenarios, the oxygen is separated by using vegetables and algae that live in the tank. The green algae can be used for killing anaerobic bacteria. That algae are also giving material for genetic research. 

The first Mars station would be primitive. Its purpose is to give experiences about the structures on the surface of Mars. And at the later stage, the mission of those primitive stations is to work as restrooms for crews that are building more capable and larger stations on that planet. But if those construction works can made by using robots everything would be easier and faster. Robots can operate non-stop and they would not require humans all the time. So the first thing that lands on Mars could be the 3D printer system that creates robots and tools on that planet. 

The 3D printing system that can use materials that are taken from Mars would make the creation of the Mars station easier. It makes construction work more flexible and faster. So with the first thing that would land on Red Planet would be the chamber where is a 3D printer. That thing makes it possible that every nail and screw must not carry from the Earth to that planet. 

https://scitechdaily.com/exomars-discovers-hidden-water-in-mars-grand-canyon-the-largest-canyon-in-the-solar-system/

Image 1: https://scitechdaily.com/exomars-discovers-hidden-water-in-mars-grand-canyon-the-largest-canyon-in-the-solar-system/

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

The Quicksilver and its usage in the optical and radiotelescopes

Arecibo telescope
(Picture I)

https://pimeakronikka.blogspot.com/p/the-quicksilver-and-its-usage-in.html

Kimmo Huosionmaa

Only liquid metal in nature is Quicksilver, what is used in thermometers. But this element can be used in the optical telescopes. In this system, the Quicksilver would be the tip in the dish, what is rotating at very high speed, and this rotating makes the metal act like water and forming the parabolic mirror, what can use in the optical telescopes. The problem with this kind of mirrors is that they are suitable only in the zenith mirrors, what are looking straight upwards. The best example of zenith-telescopes is the largest single antenna radiotelescope in Arecibo, Puerto Rico. This zenith telescope has brought in the mind the thing, that Quicksilver is also metal, what conducts electricity. So this liquid metal can also be used for large radiotelescopes, where rotating dish would make the parabolic form for that system. Here I would return to write about mysterious structure in Poland.

The structure looks like "Stonehenge", and it was mentioned to have the dish on the bottom, what was filled with water. I sometimes have thought that can salty water used for the same purpose as the quicksilver, and then the large-scale radiotelescopes can be made very cheaply. In the situations, where those telescopes would not be needed, they can remove easily. The quicksilver can be suck to the tank, but if the system uses salt water, the handling of the material would be easy, because the salt water is non poisonous material. In the modern version of this kind of radiotelescope, the antenna, what have the receiver, can be installed on the hydraulic pylons, what can be used to impose the height of the receiving antenna. And sometimes I have thought, that could the Arecibo telescope have the same purpose, as the "Henge" in Poland?

"The Henge"
(Picture II)

And when the speed of the dish would increase, the distance between the receiving antenna and parabolic mirror can impose, that the focus point of the system is always right. When we would go back to the "Henge" in Poland, that structure could also be used as the high-power radio receiver, what the German military intelligence used to trap the signals from Allied radio-transmission. But that system can be multipurpose, and it could also be used to the tests of the mysterious system called "Die Glocke".  When we are thinking about anti-gravity, we might see, that system would use magnetic pushing force, where two poles, what have the same electric capacity would push the craft upwards. This is the effect, what you can see when you put the plus poles of the magnet against together, and the magnets start to push together outwards. If the plus and minus poles are against, the magnet starts to pull together.


There are many rumors about this thing, and one of it would be, that it would be flying machine, what was planned to flight by pumping there an energy by using high-power radio-transmitters, and in some conventional plans, the system would pull up and down like jo-jo, and that movement would rotate the generators inside that system. But in theory, the machine could create the small black hole inside the henge, what means that system would focus the high power radio-transmission in the same point.


 When we are thinking about this system, the original purpose would create the "doomsday bomb", where those radio-waves would be targeted to the ball-shaped object like bearing balls, and by using this technology would "Ahnenerbe" (SS-E-IV) create the gravity bomb. In this scenario, the mass of the object would be increasing by pumping there the radio-waves, and when the mass would be big enough, could that system forming the tiny singularity, what could cause the fusion reaction in the atmosphere. And maybe "Die Glocke" would be the smaller version of the "Henge".  This system would be fundamental, and maybe this would be so-called "one system fits all".

Sources:

http://www.atomictv.com/the%20henge.html

https://sites.google.com/site/naziabomb/home/nazi-bell-project-background

Picture I

https://airandspace.si.edu/webimages/exhibitions/explore-the-universe/kiosks/postcardsImages/s-DeVorkin09p.jpg

Picture II

https://i.pinimg.com/originals/da/a7/8e/daa78eae50c50cf737253bbc210c2471.jpg

Why is the carbon-trapping not quite a reasonable idea than it first seems?

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/why-is-carbon-trapping-not-quite.html

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/why-is-carbon-trapping-not-quite.html

Maybe in the distant future, we will make the stable base on the Mars-planet

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/maybe-in-distant-future-we-will-make.html

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/maybe-in-distant-future-we-will-make.html