"Neutron stars are incredibly dense remnants of supernovae, potentially featuring mountains capable of creating gravitational waves. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Gravity’s Giants: Neutron Star Mountains Create Ripples in Space-Time)
Neutron stars are the smoothest objects in the universe. They are also some of the most dense objects. And the mass of neutron stars is incredible. The teaspoon of that material mass is the same as Earth. And that makes them one of the most interesting objects that researchers can use in gravitational research. The neutron stars are not completely smooth. There are little mountains and hills on those fast-spinning objects.
Even if neutron stars seem smooth there are small balls on it's shells. Those balls are neutrons. The inequity on the neutron stars' surface causes the phenomenon where the energy level of waves that neutron stars transfer to the quantum field changes all the time. There are lower energy valleys between those balls.
And that causes changes in the interaction between a neutron star and the quantum field around it. If neutron stars were totally smooth that thing would not make changes in energy levels. And the fact is that we don't see fields themselves. We see changes in those fields. The gravity field is an interference in the gravity fields.
The height of those mountains is about less than a millimeter or if the neutron star is heavy, those mountains height can be micrometer size. Gravity on those neutron stars that are one large neutron is incredible. The neutron star's massive gravity pulls space-time against it.
The space-time is the energy, or quantum field around the neutron star. That quantum field is like fog or water around the neutron star. The mountain on the neutron star's shell pushes that quantum field away. If neutron stars were absolutely smooth there would not be that kind of interaction.
The hill on the neutron star's surface transports energy to that field and that hill creates the gravitational waves. The hill on the neutron star's surface acts like an antenna that transports energy out of the neutron star. Behind that thing is the vacuum that pulls the energy field to a neutron star. And that structure forms the gravity waves.
When a neutron star sends energy to the universe it doesn't create energy from emptiness. The spin of a massive but dense object transforms energy around it into kinetic energy.
Also, particles that impact it form the fusion that transports energy into neutron stars. The spin of neutron stars continues as long as the neutron star gets more energy than it delivers. When energy flow turns to another way. That will end the spin of the neutron star.
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Can a similar interaction in a black hole form still hypothetical Hawking's radiation that forms gravity waves around neutron stars?
If we think that small hills and valleys on neutron stars cause interference with the quantum field around them. That thing makes interference that we see as gravitational waves. The black hole or singularity that forms a black hole is far denser and smoother than a neutron star. But it's possible.
There are also hills and valleys on that structure all quantum fields and other particles are in the same structure. It's possible. These small energy strings form a structure that causes similar interactions and interferences as neutron star's structures.
That means it's possible that in the black hole form the radiation. That radiation may have so short wavelength that we cannot measure it. And that hypothetical radiation or wave movement's name is Hawking's radiation.
The problem with Hawking's radiation is that forming that kind of interference in the quantum field is that the hills and valleys on the singularity must be much smaller than the hills and valleys on the neutron stars. In some models, the superstrings or photons that are glued on the singularity can form waves that could escape from black holes. That thing can make the Hawking radiation true.
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But why neutron star will not turn into a black hole?
But why neutron star will not turn into a black hole? The neutron star is not smooth. If we look at the shell of that thing with high-power microscopes we would see. That there are small balls on the neutron star's surface, as I wrote before.
There are small valleys between those balls. Normally energy can jump out from neutron stars from those valleys. The top of those balls will take a bit of energy that impacts neutron stars. That makes the gravity and other waves around the neutron star.
Neutron stars and black holes are the most dense known objects. The neutron star interaction helps researchers to map the birth of the gravitational effect. If we think that quantum fields surround all massive objects. And that object spins. That object's spin to bind oneself. That means the bonds that are like channels or tubes between particles bind that field into themselves. In that process, the structure transforms that field into the kinetic energy.
The idea is that the neutron star's or back hole's mass or gravity causes an effect where energy travels into those structures. That structure stores a little bit of that energy. That thing makes it possible that spinning structure get more energy than it releases. In some other models, the energy can escape from only one point. That makes it possible that the structure can pull energy into itself.
https://scitechdaily.com/gravitys-giants-neutron-star-mountains-create-ripples-in-space-time/
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