Researchers found a structure in our brain that might be responsible for cognitive functions.

  Researchers found a structure in our brain that might be responsible for cognitive functions.  

The fruit flies have astonishing mathematical abilities. And the purpose of that thing is to protect them against things like parasitic wasps. The intelligence of insects is quite a new area in neurobiology. The thing that researchers noticed astonishing mathematical abilities when they researched fruit flies caused a question about those kinds of basically abstract skills "only reflexes". 

Things like communal or social insects require mathematical skills to find parasitic wasps when they attempt to go inside their nest. To protect their nest bees and other social insects require information on how many bees are left from the base. 

And then they must have a recognition protocol to recognize members of their swarms. They need the ability to follow their swarm mates' behavior to avoid the fungus infection. So the insects have only the skills that they need. And they need lots of skills. If we think about the size of their brain. 

Researchers have noticed that fruit flies brains react similar way to threats as the human brain reacts. And that thing gives new abilities and thoughts for modeling reactions in the human brain. 

"Scientists have discovered that human brain signals form swirling spirals on the outer layer of neural tissue, which play a crucial role in organizing brain activity and cognitive processes. This discovery, based on fMRI scans, could advance our understanding of brain dynamics, potentially leading to better computational models and insights into brain diseases like dementia". (ScitechDaily.com/The Missing Link in Cognitive Processing? Scientists Discover Swirling Spirals in the Brain)

The question is are things like mathematical abilities reflexes? Are all our functions and cognitive skills only the series of reflexes? 

Researchers found whirling spiral-shaped structures in our brains. Those structures might be part of the structure or system that controls cognitive functions in our brain. Cognitive function means voluntary learning, and in that process brain selects what kind of information it wants to store in the brain. And that thing means cognitive learning means the ability to send information through the brain. 

During that process, the brain selects the information that it wants to store. The spiral-looking structure makes it possible to drive information through the brain. And during that process, the brain areas can first store that information in themselves. Then those neurons will make a network and decide do they need those memories. 

If they don't need some memories, the brain drives them straight to the garbage. The idea is that cognitive learning or storing data happens when information travels through those neural spirals a second time. If information is not needed, it will not stored in memory cells. 

The number of memory cells is impressive, but that number is limited. Cognitive skills like mathematics require that the brain release the information that they get is important for something. The neural spiral makes it possible for humans. We can also analyze information more effectively than bees. 

The bees can react more effectively than humans, but bees can't make abstract decisions. The abstract decision means that humans can make so-called "empty decisions". When some bee sees something that seems a threat it always jumps airborne. The observation is connected to reflex. Humans have reflex cells. But we also have cells that are learning new things. 

The human reflex neuron protects humans against things like falling or some strike that comes to the face. But cells that are thinking are separated from that system. And that allows humans to learn things like mathematics. 

Fruit flies have astonishing mathematical abilities. Insects require this ability for one thing. They need mathematical abilities and fast calculation to avoid the intruders like parasitic wasps. There is a possibility that the skills of those neurons could transfer to the human brain neurons. And that could improve the mathematical skills of humans. 

Maybe that thing is only some kind of futuristic vision. However, researchers are making tests by using brain simulation to adjust the brain to learn mathematics. Mathematics is the abstract thing that requires that a person follows certain orders. One way to stimulate the brain to start like mathematics is to stimulate brain areas that control good feelings by using electric impulses. 

Researchers use electric shocks to improve mathematical skills. The fact is that the brain cells are interacting by using certain types of chemicals and signals. In neural models, the same signals and chemicals that make fruit flies able to calculate things are also making human brain cells make the same things. 

https://mindmatters.ai/2022/02/single-neurons-perform-complex-math-even-in-fruit-flies/

https://neurosciencenews.com/locomotion-brain-center-23868/

https://scitechdaily.com/electrifying-learning-how-brain-stimulation-can-improve-math-learning/?expand_article=1

https://scitechdaily.com/perceiving-quantities-fruit-flies-astonishing-numerical-abilities/

https://scitechdaily.com/the-missing-link-in-cognitive-processing-scientists-discover-swirling-spirals-in-the-brain/

Bees are making decisions more effectively than humans.

  Bees are making decisions more effectively than humans.

The reason why researchers are researching the bees' nervous system is simple. Researchers can use this kind of data can use to develop next-generation AI-based infrastructures. The CPU in non-centralized neural networks only delivers missions to the system. 

The idea is that the CPU (Central Processing Unit) delivers the mission to the sub-system. That can be the RISC (Reduced instruction set computer system). When we think about the human-looking robots, the pneumatic-hydraulic system and the microprocessors that control them are RISC systems. 

Many times before this researchers claim that insects make faster and more precise than humans. There are a couple of reasons why insects like bees make better decisions than humans. If we compare the bees to humans bees are like RISC operators. RISC-operator is a computer that has fewer actions than a regular PC. 

That makes RISC -devices more effective than PCs but their operational sector or skills are more limited than regular PCs have. If we compare a bee with a human that situation is similar as we compare a pocket calculator with a PC. We can make basic calculations faster if we use a pocket calculator. 

Then if we use a PC for that thing we need a computer program and the regular keyboard is not as fast as a pocket calculator. But a regular PC can do many other things. Then just calculate some basic calculations. The number of skills of that computer depends on the data and programs that it has access to. 

The bee has a limited number of skills. And that means there are not many choices that the bee's nervous system can use to select the necessary operations. In the bee's nervous system are not many neurons. And that means the bee must not go through about 100 billion neurons when the bee wants to make something. There are about 950,000 neurons in the bee's brain.

In the brain, the number of physical neurons is not important in the case of decisions. In the thinking process, the most important thing is how to interconnect memory cells into new virtual neurons that can interconnect their data together. 

"New research unveils the decision-making pathways in bee brains, shedding light on their ability to quickly and accurately assess flowers for nectar, which could inspire more autonomous robot designs. The study, led by various academic experts, also emphasizes the efficiency of evolutionarily refined insect brains that could guide future AI development in industries. Credit: Théotime Colin" (Researchers Discover That Bees Can Make Decisions Better and Faster Than We Do)

In reflexes, the position of those memory cells is more important. The thing that makes the reflex effective is the position of memory cells. If memory cells are close to muscle cells each of those cells includes multiple images. That thing makes them more effective. In this case, the net eyes of the bee send images to neurons. 

The image always activates neurons and it sends signals to muscles. The reason for multiple connections in a bee's brain is that the eyes send images to the memory cells. The thing that determines do the bee escapes or not is how many memory cells activate. So the bee's nervous system doesn't send anything back. 

All impulses travel in the same direction. And when they activate the neurons that control muscles, those cells send the signals to muscles anyway. That means some decisions that bees make are a series of reflexes. That causes the question: Do human thinking and human actions also series of reflexes? What if a bee has 200 billion reflexes?

But I don't know if that number is made by calculating physical neurons or if that number is obtained by calculating virtual neurons, which form when neurons interconnect with other neurons. There are more synaptic connections in bee's brains than in human brains. And my opinion is that. We should rather calculate virtual neurons than physical neurons. 

Every connection between the bee's brain cells same way as in the human brain gives a new state to that system. Theoretically is possible that researchers create a single neuron system that is as intelligent as humans. But that thing requires the neuron to have 300 billion circular connections where the axon is connected to that neuron itself. 

Bee's brains are acting in a similar way to human brains. There are memory cells. And every memory cell involves some sensorial data or reaction for those senses. Some other memory cells tell neurons and the router cells how they must send signals to the muscle cells. 

If we think that a bee has a limited number of actions. We can understand why it's so effective. We can think that all skills are memories. And memories are stored in some kind of warehouse. If the number of skills that bees have is like a book, the human has warehouse class skills and abilities. If we had only about 5 or four skills and we had to select from them the selection process would be very fast. But if we have 100 or more skills that gives a response to the event. 

That our senses send to us that thing takes far longer time than in the case that we have only 5 or fewer skills. All skills that humans have formed from sub-skills. So the network or the puzzle of neurons that form virtual neurons is making all our skills. Our skills are more complicated than some bees whose only mission is to find food and then return to the nest. So the only skill that the bee needs is how to find food. And then how to avoid the predators. 

https://scitechdaily.com/researchers-discover-that-bees-can-make-decisions-better-and-faster-than-we-do/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_instruction_set_computer

The Pentagon has no evidence of extraterrestrial connections or physics laws breaking aerial vehicles.

 The Pentagon has no evidence of extraterrestrial connections or physics laws breaking aerial vehicles. 

The Pentagon UFO paper says that AARO (All-Domain Anomaly Resolution Office) continues its work. There is no evidence that the alien spacecraft are operating in the atmosphere. And the second thing is that those UFOs are not working against physics laws. If we think of things like Leonardo da Vinci's tank that structure is easy to modify into an aerial vehicle with extraordinary maneuver ability. The system requires quadcopter's rotors under it. And then those jet engines will replace those guns. 

A thing that makes those UAPs or UFOs interesting is that nobody seems or even claims to own them. If some people like Vladimir Putin are behind those things they will tell that to us in Russian TV. 

"A still from footage shot by a United States MQ-9 reaper drone showing what appears to be an unidentified spherical object soaring through the air. (Image credit: U.S. Dept. of Defense)" (Space.com/Pentagon has 'no credible evidence' of aliens or UFOs that defy physics)

The exception was Chinese recon balls. The mystical silver balls can also be the recon systems, where the recon gondola is inside that ball. The silver ball is lighter than air, and its shell collects electromagnetic radiation that the gondola records. Some UFOs might be holograms, whose mission is to turn people to look in another direction when some stealth bombers are making secretive maneuvers.

Maybe UFOs or at least some flying saucers are circular-wing aircraft. A circular wing makes it possible to turn aircraft into Tesla coils. And that thing caused the need to research that technology.  The circular wing aircraft were reseached in Germany and the USA. 

Sometimes people claim that some UFO papers are secretive because the makers of those systems have backgrounds in Waffen SS. And that thing was embarrassing after WW2. 

In real visions, LRVs should be nuclear-powered. But there is the possibility that only conventional jet-engine-based systems, or trailed mock-up systems flew. There is also the possibility that full-scale mock-up models without technology produced during that project. The purpose of those mock-ups was to test those systems' aerodynamic abilities. 

Above Lenticular Re-entry vehicle. (LRV). It's possible that some people who saw "flying saucers" see this kind of device. 

Above Avro Avrocar. The most well-known flying saucer. Below is the militarized version of the Avrocar that is equipped with two heavy anti-tank bazookas and an air cushion that allows them to make low-altitude attacks against enemy surface units. 

Artist's impression of what LRV looks like if it flies with F-86. 

Nazi connections. In some stories, the USAF and Avro Canada used nazi-researchers to create the LRV and Avro Avrocar. 

There are claims that Waffen SS (SS-E-IV) worked with the "V-5" system during WW2 where radially installed jet or liquid-fuel rocket engines gave that system extremely high-performance maneuverability. The fact is that nazis worked with saucer-shaped aerial vehicles, but V-5 probably existed only on paper, the model was theoretical. Those large-size flying vehicles were purely over-estimation of technology. The real Nazi UFOs were much more humbler than some house-size things. 

Above Sack AS-6 (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_AS-6)

And maybe it was not even meant to fly. The stories of Nazi antigravitation are tests where magnetic repellent is used to push objects upward. The idea was to make the system work like a yoyo. And that thing could load the batteries of some flying vehicles. The BMW Flugerad was a system that used one large propeller. There is the possibility that the Flugerad should use a similar opposite rotating propeller pair as Kamov helicopters. Tilting those rotors makes it possible to control the craft. 

The BMW worked with Flugerad systems that were propeller-using flying saucers. And the large-size propeller that Flugerad used could make it noiseless.  At the end of WW2 Nazis worked desperately to find some energy source that replaces petroleum. There was probably an idea that the BMW Flugerad would equipped with an induction engine. 

And if the radial hoop and propeller are rotated by using rockets, that thing could load batteries. There is the possibility that the Flugerad could plan to act as a Tesla coil. And if positive and negative tesla coils are at opposite sides of the aircraft. That electric arc can even destroy it. 

The thing is that the USA used some of those nazi engineer's services after the WW2. And that thing could be behind some secrecy. 

https://www.aaro.mil/

https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/weird-news/nazi-ufo-hitler-flying-saucer-17243184

https://www.nevingtonwarmuseum.com/bmw-flugelrad-iii.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_AS-6

https://www.space.com/pentagon-aaro-ufo-hearing-april-2023

https://www.space.com/pentagon-ufo-office-new-website-report-sighting

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_wing

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenticular_Reentry_Vehicle

Is the expansion of the universe faster than light?

  Is the expansion of the universe faster than light? 

The negative energy and it's relation with speed of light. 

Negative energy is energy that travels to the object. If all energy travels to the object it turns invisible. The reason for that is that observation requires reflection the particle sends radiation to the observer. 

So 

Positive energy is energy that travels out from an object. 

Negative energy is energy that travels to an object. 

The reason that makes negative energy interesting is this. The negative energy makes it possible that energy flow to the object can continue when its speed crosses the speed of light. 

If the particle's spin is fast enough it can form a channel or tunnel through it. In the case that wave movement travels through that tunnel the wave movement or superstrings may be pulling all energy through that particle's shell and then making it travel in one direction. This can cause a situation where the particle doesn't cause reflection sideways. The radiation that travels through the channel acts like a heat pump and makes particles invisible because it denies the reflection. And that thing is called negative energy. 

When we think possibility of traveling faster than light, we think of energy transfer. If energy transfer to an object can continue at a speed, higher than the photon's speed that allows faster-than-light travel. But we don't know any particle that is in so low energy level that energy transfer to the particle can continue after it reaches the speed of photons. 

The thing called negative energy could make it possible. That the object can travel faster than light. The term negative energy means energy that travels into the object. Positive energy means energy that travels out from an object. And that thing makes particles visible. The negative energy that travels to the particle makes the particle invisible. 

If 100 % of energy travels through a particle and then continues in another direction without reflection. That makes particles invisible. In some models, the particle with extremely high-speed spin can make the tunnel or channel through it. And that thing makes energy travel into that particle. 

If a superstring travels through that channel it pulls energy through the shell of the particle. That thing makes the negative energy flow into that particle. 

In some models, electromagnetism is formed when a magnetic field makes the channel through an object like a planet or neutron star. And then that standing tornado pulls radiowaves or other radiation or particles through it. And that thing causes the massive magnetic field around neutron stars. The acceleration channel forms. When neutrons form a tower in the middle of the neutron star. And accelerate radiation through it. 

That effect pulls energy and radiation from around the neutron star. And it acts like a heat pump. When radiation travels through that channel it forms a low-energy area in that tunnel. And the outcoming radiation must replace that energy. So it forms a pulling effect. 

That means it's possible that in the middle of singularity is a similar channel that aims gravitational radiation into one direction. So in this model when the energy level rises the object will create a magnetic field, and then a similar field of weak nuclear force. And then when the energy level rises high enough it will condense strong nuclear force and finally gravitational field to entirety. So gravitational field can look like a magnetic field but it's far denser. 

Why gravitation can pull materials to travel faster than the speed of light? That thing is possible behind a black hole's event horizon. When gravitation curves space and time it forms a pothole. Or the tunnel where quantum fields are pressing objects to smaller and smaller. And behind the event horizon, all objects travel at the same speed. 

If we think that the limits of the universe are two first photons that are left from the Big Bang, we can say that the universe expands with a speed that is two times the speed of light. That is the divergence rate of those two photons. Or is it so? The speed of those two photons is not the same as it could be. The gravitation pulls them backward. 

And that thing means the gravitation slows the speed of those two photons. That is called the "two-photon problem". If those two first photons travel at the front of the universe that gravitational effect slows the speed of those two photons. But gravity also pulls other particles. And that means those two photons have the top speed in that system. The reason for that is the photon's speed is always top. The reason for that is that the photon's energy level is precisely the same as its environment. 

But then we can think about cold dark matter and the speed of light. 

The shape of cold dark matter could cause a situation, where the energy flow to that cold material can continue after it reaches the speed of photons. If the energy level of cold dark matter is far lower than visible material and the energy level of photons is the highest possible in the visible universe. That could mean that the energy flow to cold dark matter can continue after it crosses the speed of photons. 

The thing that supports this model is that no other known particle can reach the speed of photons. The reason why that thing happens is that. The particle turns so small and its surface area turns so big that energy starts to flow out of the particle. 

There is a possibility that cold dark matter can travel faster than photons. The reason for that is energy could travel to cold dark matter. The reason why anything can travel faster than light in the regular universe is that the quantum fields push objects smaller when it is close to the speed of light. Then particle's surface area turns big relative to its size. 

And that causes a situation in which energy travels out from the particle in the critical moment. If cold dark matter is so-called quantum ice whose energy level is so low then energy always travels to it. That means there is a possibility that cold dark matter can avoid this situation and energy can travel in that material to the point where it reaches the speed of photons. If that energy transfer continues after that point, there is the possibility that cold dark matter could travel faster than photons. 

Gravitational models that could revolutionize physics.

  Gravitational models that could revolutionize physics. 

There is a theory that gravitation interacts with dark matter by using the non-local model. That means the gravitation interaction happens through dark matter. The dark matter or especially "cold dark matter" forms the area there energy level is lower than outside it. 

And then quantum fields start to travel to that area. So gravitation is where quantum fields flow to the gravitational center. We can say that quantum fields are like rivers or whirls in water. And when they travel to the gravitational center they take particles with them. 

Theoretically, there are three types of material.

Hot dark matter

Visible material

Cold dark matter. 

The energy level of cold dark matter is lower than visible matter. Hot dark matter has an energy level higher than visible matter. In that model, the place of visible matter is between hot and cold dark matter. The cold dark matter is like "quantum ice". 

That means energy travels from visible matter to cold dark matter. Because cold dark matter is receiving part in that interaction, it is invisible to us. In energy models, energy travels from one particle to another until those particles reach the energy minimum. That term means that both particles reach the same energy level. The reason why visible matter and cold dark matter cannot reach energy minimum is that there is much more cold dark matter than visible matter. And that makes energy minimum impossible to get. 

The image above shows how plasma pulse forms. In that image, there is a black hole. But all plasma pulses are forming in the same way. The magnetic poles of the object pull anions and ions to them. And then behind that object, the electromagnetic forces, along with the gravitational field pull those particles together. 

The hot dark matter could be invisible for the same reason. The high energy, small-size particle pushes quantum strings past it. And then behind that particle those superstrings impact and that impact forms wave movement with extremely short wavelength. So that thing could be the source of dark energy. Or it could be one possible source of dark energy. 

Energy or wave movement flows to the cold dark matter, which could be material that formed after visible material. Hot dark matter would be material that formed before visible material. In that model, high-energy hot dark matter travels before the visible material. 

And now everybody asks "Why can't we not see hot dark matter"? The hot dark matter could be so high energy that it simply pushes radiation past it. The model is like in the plasma pulse. The radiation that hits the hot dark matter cannot reach that material because hot dark matter's energy level is too high and it pushes radiation past it. And if the radiation or superstrings will turn return together behind that particle that could explain dark energy. 

When those superstrings or extremely thin energy waves hit together back in the particle they form impact radiation with a very small wavelength. That thing could explain the dark energy. Or impacting superstrings can explain at least a small part of dark energy. 

Einstein's paradox makes time travel possible.

  Einstein's paradox makes time travel possible. 

The WARP bubble is an area or sphere where light travels faster than outside the bubble. So basically the air bubble in the water is one version of warp bubbles. 

The simplest time machine is the so-called Tipler cylinder. The cylinder rotates with the speed of light. There is the possibility that the Tipler cylinder has a layered shell. The middle layer will rotate with the speed of light and the magnetic systems in both other layers will keep that cylinder in its form. 

There is the possibility that the Tipler cylinder is ion whirl. The Stonehenge-looking structure can make this ion whirl and the Tipler cylinder would be in the middle of the whirl. In some scenarios, the ion whirl that rotates opposite direction than the rotating cylinder makes the virtual crossing the speed of light. The impact speed of the outer shell and ion whirl can be faster than the speed of light. And if the cylinder's shell is magnetic. The magnet in the middle of the structure can keep that cylinder in one piece. 

The thing that makes time travel possible, is the so-called Einstein's paradox. When speed is speed of light time stops. And if something can cross the speed of light that thing means the time starts to travel backwards. When we think possibility of crossing the speed of light. That thing happens all the time. 

A particle that comes from outer space hits to atmosphere. It travels faster than photons in a very short moment when a particle slows its speed it sends a blue light flash when it delivers its kinetic energy. Same way, when a neutrino that travels through the atmosphere hits water it sends a blue light shockwave. So if we make craft travel faster than light travels in an atmosphere. 

That thing would make craft travel back in time. The problem with crossing the speed of light is energy starts to travel out from the object in a critical moment. Things like ultimate friction that forms when the craft hits gas form extremely high temperatures, and there is the possibility that this temperature makes the energy travel in the craft at the critical moment.  

In some visions the time machine that action based on time dilation can be made by using water. The idea is that the saucer- or cylinder-shaped system where particle accelerators will accelerate mercury or ions at a speed that is as close to the speed of light as possible. During that operation, the system makes the bubble around the craft. 

And when the speed of this Tipler cylinder or tipler saucer is about the speed of light, the system falls into the bubble. That thing should have a similar effect that water makes to the neutrino that hits water from the air. The idea is that the underwater Tipler cylinder will cross the speed of light for a short moment and that causes ultimate time dilation and the ability to send information back in time. 

Time dilation means a situation where the energy level of a particle or object rises high. The energy level determines time dilation. So if the system must only travel forward in time to the future. The system must only stop time in it. This can happen by using the particle accelerators or putting the outer shell of the craft to rotate as close to the speed of light as possible. Reaching the speed of light is impossible, but if the system sends energy impulses to the craft that thing will compensate for the energy loss. And that will stop the time. 

If the saucer-shaped craft is surrounded by a hoop that is a particle accelerator that system can make time dilation in the craft. And by using this method there is the possibility that time machines can travel to the future. But taking information from the past is difficult.

The problem is that the system must cross the speed of light. That it could return in time. The answer could be the ultimate friction created by falling WARP bubbles. The system creates empty bubbles in the air or underwater. And then it falls that bubble. When a fast-rotating shell or ion flow impacts water or air it causes ultimate friction and the hoop or particle flow around the object can send energy impulses to the object. 

Time dilation and Nikola Tesla's time machine are interesting things. When we talk about things like time dilation. We must remember one thing. In time dilation the question is about energy, and when the system pumps energy to the object, that dilates time in that object. Theoretically is possible to make a disk-shaped craft that will rotate extremely fast. 

In some models, the system will put in the henge, and then the plasma layer that the system makes around that platform isolates it from the outside. Then the system pulls as much gas or ions away from the plasma dome that surrounds the saucer-shaped craft. After that ion ring will be put into an orbit saucer. In some versions of that crazy plan, there is a mercury ring that travels in the accelerator. 

When the speed of that metal ring is near the speed of light, the system will remove the dome from the saucer. That thing should create ultimate friction that impacts energy to the ring and then that ring sends energy impulses to the saucer. In some other visions the fast-rotating plate where mercury impacts light and radio waves through the plasma dome to the craft increasing its energy level. 

The system must make a hole in the plasma dome so that it can pump energy to that saucer-shaped system. The idea is that the system will cross the speed of light on the border. The system benefits from the same effect that the neutrino detector uses. The idea is that there is formed a WARP bubble in the air. 

Then the particle accelerator makes the ion or liquid metal hoop that travels faster than it could travel in the atmosphere. And then it makes air or water touch with that structure. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcubierre_drive

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipler_cylinder

The new cardboard drones are effective weapons.

  The new cardboard drones are effective weapons. 

Kamikaze drones are cruise missiles, that can patrol over the battlefield. And when their fuel ends, those systems can make a kamikaze attack. Paper drones are effective tools they are cheap and easy to make. But the AI makes them game-changers. 

The Ukrainian strike against the Russian airbase shows how effective cardboard drones can be. These drones can equipped with an image-recognition system, that allows them to attack targets in a very long range. The image recognition camera also can operate as a TERCOM (Terrair Countour-Matching) system. 

The system requires that their flight route is stored in computer memory as film, and then the AI-based visual TERCOM system can guide the drone to the target with extremely high accuracy. The internal inertia or optical TERCOM navigation system makes those drones immune to regular jamming systems. 

Then the image-recognition camera can search for suitable targets. And then the drone can attack the most suitable targets like IL-76 transporters or missile rocket stages.  The cardboard layer can equipped with a water-repellent varnish layer. And that makes those drones capable of operating in rain. The cardboard drone is an interesting tool because that system can made by using recycled cardboard. And there is a possibility that this kind of cheap and effective system can created by using 3D printers. 

The new warheads that create a hypersonic plasma-metal combination make slowly flying kamikaze drones capable of destroying even large-scale tanks. Tanks are less vulnerable to attacks than aircraft. 

Things like microchips and computers can made be using modified cell phones and AI-based systems can be taken from Javelin missiles. The AI is cheap and that means all drones can have integrated computer software. The computer can download needed software to any land-sea and airborne system. And that means even the cheapest units can get effective AI-based systems. That allows them to avoid things like AA flak. 

The paper drones with high-accuracy homing systems are also tools that are used to re-estimate the effectiveness of AA systems and security. The slow cheap drone that is invisible in radars is very hard to detect. Image recognition makes those drones capable of hitting individual vehicles or even selected persons. That thing makes those weapons extremely dangerous. 

https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-is-using-a-cheap-flat-pack-cardboard-drone-australia-2023-8?r=US&IR=T

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TERCOM