Many parts of the evolution tree might be wrong. (Theory itself is right but the DNA has uncovered the new details in the history of species)

 

Toucan (Pinterest)

Probosci's monkeys and toucans have one interesting detail on their face. 

The main question in evolution is why some animals have "useless" details in their body?  What made natural selection favor the big nose of the proboscis monkey? We can understand that the toucan's beak helps the toucan hunt because its beak looks like a banana. But what is the benefit of the big nose of the proboscis monkey? When we think about natural selection. The thing that makes nature favor a certain thing. 

Is it useful and helps to fill nutrients if there are not enough vegetables. Toucans are omnivore birds. In that case, Toucan will transfer to eat bid eggs and lizards.  The colorful beak of the toucan makes it a good hunter but that bird eats mostly fruits. And the thing is that a colorful beak is attractive because it brings food like lizards. But the nose of the proboscis monkeys seems to have no similar use. So the reason why that monkey has that nose remains a mystery. 

We should turn to using DNA test for making evolution trees. 

When we are talking about the Darwinian model that certain details in the shape of the animals would highlight because something makes things like a big nose more attractive than other noses. So the big nose of the proboscis monkey could be the result of the natural selection that benefits the big nose. 

The thing that formed that special detail of that monkey is unknown. Many animals are looking like each other but they are genetically very far away from each other. Some researchers are saying that we should start to use DNA tests in all evolution models and forget the phenotypes or external details. Two animals that are grown in similar areas might have similar details. But they are genetically far away from each other. 

When we are thinking about the game theory and the species we must realize that all species and individuals are maximizing their benefits. But why non of the species must not come too dominating? The fact is that too dominating a species will be destroyed because it eats its food. And that thing causes hunger. 

But when we are thinking about the game theory we must realize that evolution is a network. Sometimes some researchers introduced the theory that somewhere in the universe could be planets where is only one species. That kind of species would be extremely sensitive. 

And those species would not have any kind of immune defense. And they cannot protect themselves against outcoming enemies. If there are only one species on the planet one virus can destroy entire lifeforms. Multiple species or biodiversity guarantees that one virus cannot destroy all biological organisms from that planet. 

Probosci's monkey (Pinterest)

Those organisms could be primitive algae or some other bacteria-level species. Higher organisms like animals require vegetables to eat. The mono-organism ecosystems require organisms that can turn the soil minerals straight into sugars. So only the arc bacteria can form that kind of ecosystem. 

The biodiversity guarantees that the species must not turn to cannibalism. And if conditions are suddenly changing at least some of the species will remain after extinction. But the fact is that the multiple species and competition between species caused. That natural selection started to favor intelligence. Normally, a large number of descendants are enough to guarantee that species remain alive.

But when the environment changes very fast the intelligent individuals would stay alive because intelligent individuals with the ability to think abstract turns overwhelming. Abstract thinking allows us to find tools that make it possible to dig food below the snow. Abstract thinking is also making it possible to connect things like warm when two sticks are rubbed against each other and fire. 

Even the most intelligent species require something to eat. That means the only thing that can form the mono-species ecosystems are vegetables or rather saying primitive algae. Higher vegetables require bacteria that are pre-handling the hummus to nutrients. Animals in the form as we know them require vegetables or some other animals for nutrients. 

https://scitechdaily.com/convergent-evolution-has-been-fooling-us-most-of-our-evolutionary-trees-could-be-wrong/