Dark energy interaction. And the universe's ultimate fate.

    Dark energy interaction. And the universe's ultimate fate. 

Are dark photons the source of dark energy? 

The Australian researchers claimed that they detected dark photons. If that is true, dark photons can explain at least part of dark energy. The thing that makes photons dark is that energy flows into them. In this model, there are three types of photons. 

The black photon is a photon whose energy level is lower than in the universe's visible material. Because energy travels into those, 2D photons are lower than visible material in the universe. That makes them unable to detect. 

The reason why dark photons never reach the same energy level as regular photons or neutrinos is this. There are so many more dark photons than particles and sub-atomic particles in the universe. Energy travels to those other dark photons. 

And because the energy level in those particles near the universe or energy centers is higher than farther particles energy always travels to those lower energy particles.. Because energy travels in one direction out from the energy center. That makes it impossible to detect those particles by using reflection.

All energy falls into the outer particles. In the universe are many energy hills. And there those particles can interact with each other. 

That causes multiple impacts with radiation and those particles. And that makes those dark photons send impact radiation. In some models, the dark photon or two-dimensional photons are the base model of material. 

"A map of dark matter, spreading across the universe.CREDIT:KIPAC/SLAC NATIONAL ACCELERATOR LABORATORY" (Sydney Morning Herald/Australian researchers claim to have detected ‘dark photons)

In that model, those 2D photons also exist outside the Universe and the Big Bang transformed a group of those 2D photons into the universe as we know it.  Or maybe there is some material, which energy level is lower than those 2D photons. 

That material could be some kind of skyrmion, that turned the energy level in the point of universe negative and caused the Big Bang. But there is more about that hypothetical material and reaction at the end of this text.

Neutrino is a so-called grey photon. The grey photon means the energy flow between that particle and its environment is slow. And that makes neutrinos hard to detect. Because the neutrino has mass, that means energy travels in that particle. And in that process, it causes the emission of radiation into its quantum field. 

Bright photon whose energy level is the same as its environment. That means there is no energy flow between the photon and its environment. And that means the photon has no mass. 

And that makes those dark photons or photons whose energy level is lower than the environment hard or even impossible to detect. The dark energy could be an energy flow that travels in those dark photons. When an extremely thin energy field, called a superstring travels into the dark photon, that energy orbits the photon before it impacts it. 

In that process, it sends emission radiation as well as particles when they fall into a neutron star or black hole. In some other visions, the dark energy comes from the points where the atom's or subatomic particles' quantum fields cross. In the points where those fields impact form stretches that act like particles and send energy or radiation around them.

"The local geometry of the universe is determined by whether the density parameter Ω is greater than, less than, or equal to 1. From top to bottom: a spherical universe with Ω > 1, a hyperbolic universe with Ω < 1, and a flat universe with Ω = 1. These depictions of two-dimensional surfaces are merely easily visualizable analogs to the 3-dimensional structure of (local) space". (Wikipedia/Shape of the universe)

The universe's ultimate fate. 

We know that if the universe is open. That means it's hyperbolic or flat. The Big silence is its ultimate fate. At the end of time, all material turns into wave movement. And then that universe as we know it ends its life. The Big Bang was not only one case. It was a series of effects that formed material and energy in the form as we know it. 

In some visions, the electromagnetic vacuum in quantum fields or some kind of low-energy material caused the Big Bang. If those 2D photons are outside the universe we cannot see them because energy travels into them. 

But there is one hypothetical model connected with dark photons. The dark photon is a flat particle if it exists. In some models also dark photons will split at the end of the time. When there is no radiation or no quantum fields those flat photons start to expand. 

At the ultimate end of time, they will turn into skyrmions. Which is the final form of material. Those skyrmions are forming an electromagnetic vacuum in the middle of them. And that thing can pull those skyrmions back together. 

Or if there are some kind of quantum fields or 2D particles outside the universe those skyrmions can form the quantum vacuum that causes the effect, where those quantum fields or particles drop to the point, where the universe once been. That thing can cause a powerful energy impact from the middle of that structure. The quantum fields form the standing wave and then all waves are impacted from that wave. That means the new Big Bang. 

https://www.smh.com.au/national/australian-researchers-claim-to-have-detected-dark-photons-20230927-p5e82s.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_universe

First time neutrinos produced in LHC (Large Hadron Collider)

  First time neutrinos produced in LHC (Large Hadron Collider)

The world is waiting for the next big step in quantum information. That thing is the ability to produce and control neutrinos. Neutrinos or "grey photons" are mysterious particles that can travel through Earth without any contact with other particles. Neutrinos are hard to detect, but if some system can trap them and manipulate those particles, that thing can open a new route to the material. 

The neutrino is a particle whose interaction with its environment is very weak. The thing that makes neutrinos weakly interacting is the energy travels between neutrinos and their environment very slowly. That could mean that the spin of the neutrino is quite slow. In that model, energy flows through neutrino. 

So some researchers suggest that neutrino is the particle between photon and electron. 

The thing that makes the photon massless is that there is no energy flow between photons and their environment. If a particle's energy flow comes from a particle that thing means that the particle has a positive effect on its environment. The energy flows out from the particle. If energy travels to a particle that thing makes it invisible. That energy flow just pulls other smaller actors to that particle. 

In some models photons spin is so fast that quantum fields are not interacting with photons. Or between a photon and its environment is energy stability. So is there some particle with mass inside the thing that we call a photon? 

The theory about the particle with mass inside a photon is based on the idea that maybe we see only a quantum field that surrounds the photon. The quantum field that surrounds a photon could spin so fast around a photon that the energy levels between it and its environment are the same. 

https://www.sciencealert.com/its-official-for-the-first-time-neutrinos-have-been-detected-in-a-collider-experiment

How nano- and quantum technology, mathematics, and geometry are working together?

    How nano- and quantum technology, mathematics, and geometry are working together? 

Hofstadter's butterfly 

Researchers found Hoftadter's butterfly from the graphene. Hoftadter's butterfly is a butterfly-looking geometrical structure. Researchers can use that kind of structure to calculate the positions of the qubits. Or, sharper saying Hoftater's butterfly can be an effective tool for modeling the point where binary data transforms into the qubit. 

The area of Hofadter's butterfly can tell what is the right distance between the transmitter that transmits information into qubit. In that model, the qubit is multiple Hofstadter's butterflies that can transport information into the sensors. 

When energy hits to layer it can make Hofstadter's butterfly. The outside force can form that butterfly simultaneously if some force at corners pulls an energy field in that form where a circular energy field forms. That can used in a system that turns binary data into qubits. 

"Rendering of the butterfly by Hofstadter" Wikipedia/Hofstadter's butterfly

"Example of non-integer dimensions. The first four iterations of the Koch curve, where after each iteration, all original line segments are replaced with four, each a self-similar copy that is 1/3 the length of the original. One formalism of the Hausdorff dimension uses the scale factor (S = 3) and the number of self-similar objects (N = 4) to calculate the dimension, D, after the first iteration to be D = (log N)/(log S) = (log 4)/(log 3) ≈ 1.26." (Wikipedia,Hausdorff dimension)

What would somebody do with the information about overlap points and lines? 

Or, What is the minimum mass of dust that can cover the entire paper? 

Do you know what is the Hausdorff's dimension? That commons the term dimension, which means Hausdorff's dimension can calculated and determine how much some group or pattern fills in dimensions. Hausdorff's dimension is the same thing, without depending on space or dimension 2 or 3D. 

"Imagine an endless piece of blank paper covered with a smattering of lines pointing every which way. A gust of wind comes and sprinkles dust on top of the paper — in effect covering the lines with points. Say a helpful mathematician tells you how much dust covers any one line. Based on that one piece of information, can you figure out how much dust is there in total?" (BigThink.com/Mathematicians Cross the Line to Get to the Point)

Another way to ask that thing is, what is the minimum number of sand bites that can cover the entire area? And what is the minimum number of lines that can connect them? 

What would somebody do about information about the distances of the lines and points? Or sharper what would somebody do about information about the minimum number of lines that are connecting a certain number of points that are randomly at level? 

And in that case, those points don't form stable geometrical structures. That information is one of the mathematical problems, and it is important when particles that form a system communicate with each other using coherent communication tools like lasers. This is one of the things that the modern technology turns interesting. 

When researchers create smaller and smaller quantum-scale structures they must have something that moves objects. The line can symbolize a laser- or other energy beam, and the point could be a particle that the system moves. 

When we think about the material and its smallest particles, we face the situation that every single particle is in its ball. The truth is that the quantum field around the particle is not the ball. It is a structure that form changes when electrons are changing their place around the atoms. 

That is the thing that makes it hard to make precise calculations about quantum gravity and extremely small-scale interactions. And those interactions are the most important things in quantum-scale technology. 

https://www.quantamagazine.org/a-mathematicians-guided-tour-through-high-dimensions-20210913/

https://www.quantamagazine.org/mathematicians-cross-the-line-to-get-to-the-point-20230925/

https://scitechdaily.com/ancient-graphite-reveals-a-quantum-surprise-scientists-discover-hofstadters-butterfly/?expand_article=1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausdorff_dimension

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hofstadter%27s_butterfly

Singularity is the sum of material and all fundamental interactions.

   Singularity is the sum of material and all fundamental interactions. 

The curvature of spacetime is the thing that might explain why all theories about gravitation and spacetime are the same time true and false. The curvature in spacetime means that gravitation makes a pothole in the spacetime or dimension. And that hole pulls material inside it. So what makes that pothole interesting? And why that so-called gravitational pothole can explain why all theories from Newton's gravitational model to Einstein's special and general relativity are right and wrong. 

We might think that the pothole is straight. The pothole that gravitation makes steepens when gravitation turns stronger. And that thing means that the edges or slopes of that pothole are turning closer to each other. That thing brings particles and electromagnetic waves closer to each other. And that thing forms "singularity" the form of spacetime where all four known fundamental interactions are united. 

The thing that unites those four fundamental interactions is that the gravitational pothole which turns smaller brings particles and wave movement closer to each other. That effect causes a situation where all other nuclear forces, electromagnetism, and weak and strong nuclear forces start to interact around and through that gravitational channel or gravitational pothole. 

The dominating interaction depends on the size of the objects. Also, the distance between objects determines which of the four fundamental interactions dominates. So dominance slides from strong nuclear interaction between quark and gluon to the gravitation that is the interaction between large particle entireties like planets and stars. 

Above:black holes gravitational model. 

-gravity

-electromagnetism

-weak interaction

-strong interaction

Above: Fundamental interactions (Wikipedia/Fundamental interaction)

The strong nuclear interaction requires that particles are very close to each other. And the only force that can interact over long distances is gravity. The thing that forms singularity is the thing that gravitation brings all particles close to each other. Near black holes, the strong and weak nuclear forces and electromagnetism participate in interactions. The reason for that is that the gravitation pulls particles close to each other and that causes all other fundamental interactions can make bonds and interactions between particles.  

In normal material, the distance between particles determines the dominating force. Between the smallest particles, gluons, and quarks. Strong nuclear force is the "chosen one" of four fundamental interactions that dominate between those particles. That interaction requires an extremely short distance. When particle distance increases the next dominating gravity is the next fundamental force. Then electromagnetic interaction dominates in bonds between atoms and molecules. And then the gravitation turns to dominate between large entireties. 

The size of the interacting particles or objects determines what is the dominating interaction. And when gravity starts to pull particles in a gravitational pothole that pothole loads energy to those particles. But when the diameter of that gravitational channel turns small it brings particles close to each other. Then it connects all four fundamental interactions into their entirety. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction 

Is K2-18b an inhabited planet? Many people say "no".

 Is K2-18b an inhabited planet? Many people say "no". 

The K2-18b is a mini Neptune. The planet's mass is about 8 times of Earth. And the distance to that planet is 124 ly. The JWST found some "weak signs of life" on that planet. K2-18b habitable zone but that doesn't mean that there are lifeforms. 

The temperature of K2-18b is about zero Celsius. There is no ocean in that planet's atmosphere. But there is a water vapor. But the planet itself is dry. And that means there are no endemic advanced lifeforms. 

The JWST telescope found these elements from K2-18b's atmosphere. 

-Methane

-Carbon dioxide

-Hydrogen

-and probably dimethyl sulfide from that planet's atmosphere. 

In some rumors, there are some kind of radio signals detected from that exoplanet. Those rumors are the result of misunderstandings. The "signs of life" that the JWST telescope sees are the gasses that JWST saw in that planet's atmospheric spectrum. Those signs are interesting. But they are not straight technosignals. 

The radio or techno signals from dry planets that cannot host life can mean that something that comes outside that solar system made the base on that planet. That is one thing that we should think about. When we research the signals that the origin is or seems to be outside our solar system. 

Same way. We can conclude that "weak techno signals" are signs of just starting industrialization. But if those signs come from a dry world. That cannot be habitable. That could also tell about the alien base on those planets. 

"The most common “sized” world in the galaxy is a super-Earth, between 2 and 10 Earth masses, such as Kepler 452b, illustrated at right. But the illustration of this world as “Earth-like” in any way may be mistaken, as it’s more likely to either have a large, volatile gas envelope, making it a mini-Neptune, or to be a hot, stripped planetary core: like a scaled-up version of Mercury." (BigThink.com/Is K2-18b an inhabited ocean world? Don’t bet on it)

"When starlight passes through a transiting exoplanet’s atmosphere, signatures are imprinted. Depending on the wavelength and intensity of both emission and absorption features, the presence or absence of various atomic and molecular species within an exoplanet’s atmosphere can be revealed through the technique of transit spectroscopy. JWST cannot get spectra for Earth-sized planets around Sun-like stars, but Habitable Worlds Observatory finally will". (BigThink.com/Is K2-18b an inhabited ocean world? Don’t bet on it)

"The CHEOPS mission discovered three planets around the star Nu2 Lupi. The innermost planet is rocky and contains only a thin atmosphere, while the second and third planets discovered have large, volatile-rich envelopes. Although some are still calling them super-Earths, it’s very clear that not only are they not rocky, but most of the planets we call super-Earths are not like Earth at all in any meaningful way. This extends to all exoplanets with a radius above 1.7 Earth radii, with many of smaller sizes still having hydrogen and helium envelopes". (BigThink.com/Is K2-18b an inhabited ocean world? Don’t bet on it)

"This plot shows the spectrum, from 0.8-5.0 microns, of exoplanet K2-18b as taken with JWST. The signal is shown with data points with error bars; the interpretation of the signal by the discovering group is shown alongside it." (BigThink.com/Is K2-18b an inhabited ocean world? Don’t bet on it)

"What do planets outside our solar system, or exoplanets, look like? A variety of possibilities are shown in this illustration. Scientists discovered the first exoplanets in the 1990s. As of 2023, the tally stands at just over 5,000 confirmed exoplanets. None are known to be inhabited, but a few raise tantalizing possibilities: largely among the Earth-sized planets, not the super-Earth-sized ones". (BigThink.com/Is K2-18b an inhabited ocean world? Don’t bet on it)

But then I must return to the BLC-1 from Proxima B. 

The radio signal from Proxima Centauri B can have multiple origins. They could be some kind of plasma reflection from that planet's Van Allen belt. When some extraordinarily strong supernova blast happens that thing can send radio waves to Proxima B:s plasma belts. 

The Proxima B is a dry quite cold exoplanet. The surface temperature average is -39C. That means there could be oceans inside the ice. But there are no, at least endemic civilizations. This thing makes the Proxima B signal even more interesting than it has been. The thing that makes the BLC-1 signal interesting is that it does not repeat. The unique types of signals like BLC-1 and WoW! are the things that make them interesting. 

What could be the origin of the radio signals?

1) The signal could be a reflection from plasma rings around that planet. 

2) Signals can reflect anywhere between that planet and Earth.

3) Signal is created something that we cannot even imagine.

So if there are some kind of radio signals from that direction. The conditions on that planet make this situation quite complicated because that signal probably doesn't come from Proxima B. Or even if that signal comes from that direction could be a reflection from its Van Allen belt. The plasma belt that surrounds planets can reflect radio signals. And the origin of those signals can be anywhere in space. 

There is one interesting hypothesis about the WoW! and BLC-1 signals. 

One possibility is the probe that is sent by some other civilization. If we think that the signal happens only once there is the possibility that the signal can be the call signal. In that case, the probe acts like a computer. When it connects to the internet. It sends the call signal to the base or server that it is ready, and then the server or base sends the unique channel for the probe. 

The idea is that the probe, controlled by highly advanced AI has been in shutdown condition while it travels in space. When it arrives in the solar system, Proxima Centauri. It wakes up and makes its landing process fully automatic. Then that probe sends a signal that it's ready for work. 

In that hypothesis, the alien civilization that sent that probe saw the radio transmissions from the direction of Alpha Centauri. They might think that the signals are coming from Alpha Centauri, not the yellow star behind that triple star. And then they send probes to that solar system seeking another civilization. The idea of that hypothesis is that also humans are sending techno signatures around the universe. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxima_Centauri_b

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K2-18b

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BLC1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wow!_signal

How to measure dark energy?

 How to measure dark energy? 

In some models, the cosmic voids are forming dark energy. In that model, the quantum fields fall into that void and impact together in them. The cosmic void acts like a vacuum bomb. 

This model means that there is a standing wave in the middle of those voids where quantum fields reflect. So what separates this thing from the gravitation? That is the wavelength of traveling electromagnetic fields and gravitation is one energy field. 

In some other versions of this model, the cosmic voids increase the speed of material vaporization. In that process, the material turns into electromagnetic wave movement. When that wave movement hits to void's edge. This impact causes energy interaction called dark energy. But this is only a hypothesis. 

So we must remember one thing. There must be many radiation wavelengths that are forming entireties called dark energy. Dark energy consists of multiple radiation wavelengths that are not visible to us or our sensors. In some models, dark energy is electromagnetic radiation that has a shorter wavelength than gamma radiation. And other side of the electromagnetic spectrum outside gravitational waves is another dark energy area. 

"Using simulated data, astronomers have depicted the sky through gravitational waves, revealing the need for space observatories to detect binary systems. Future projects like LISA aim to uncover thousands of these hard-to-detect systems, marking a paradigm shift in space observation. (Artist’s illustration — see video below for simulation.)" (ScitechDaily.com/NASA’s Cosmic Vision: Simulating Our Galaxy Through Gravitational Waves)

"Matter distribution in a cubic section of the universe. The blue fiber structures represent the matter (primarily dark matter) and the empty regions in between represent the cosmic voids".(Wikipedia, Void(astronomy)

The thing that could help to understand dark energy is to find out how it interacts with the environment. Does it interact straight with particles? Or does it interact with the particle's environment? 

When researchers want to measure how much dark energy a system contains they must know how much visible energy is in the system. Then they must find some point that they use as the benchmark. After that researchers must calculate how that anomaly behaves if it contains only visible energy. Then they must just reduce those visible energy values from the values, that sensors give. And then we must strip dark energy out of those values. 

Theoretically, that thing might seem very easy, but the problem is that dark- and visible energy affect the system together. The accuracy of the models depends on the knowledge of the system. Researchers should separate the values that visible energy gives. From the values that the dark energy and visible energy give together. And the problem is that nobody measured dark energy. Accurate calculations require the knowledge of the power of dark energy. 

But there is no quantum-scale observation from dark energy. Dark energy is visible only in large-scale systems. There is a vision that dark energy is energy that travels out from material because of cosmic expansion. In some other visions, at least part of dark energy is energy. That comes out from black holes. In that model, there are many types of dark energy. And electromagnetic spectrum continues far away from gamma- and from other side radio waves. So is there an endless number of wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum? 

When we are talking about visible energy, that thing contains many types of radiation. Gravitational waves, X, and gamma-rays are also "visible energy". And maybe we should stop thinking that things like dark energy or gravitational waves have only one wavelength. There could be many wavelengths that form gravitational waves and dark energy. So that means those energy waves can affect different points in the particles and their environment. 

That means there might be two effects that we call as gravitational effect. The first interacts straight with the particle. The second interacts with the particle through its environment. In the first version, the superstring that forms the particle's spinning shell cuts the gravitational superstring. In the second model quantum fields that travel in some kind of electromagnetic vacuum pull particles in the gravitational center. 

In some visions the black holes or their singularity spins very fast. And that interaction drives quantum fields into its poles. Then quantum field travels to that extremely dense object's poles plus the other quantum fields through the event horizon and those quantum fields pull other particles with them. 

The wavelength of the gravitational waves is thousands or even millions of kilometers. There is the possibility that gravitational interaction happens when a gravitational wave travels through the spinning particles. The spinning part is the whisk-looking superstring structure, and the gravitational wave is like a string that travels through this structure. When the superstring hits the gravitational waves it harvests energy in it. 

So if we think that gravitational waves have multiple wavelengths there is the possibility that some gravitational waves are forming an electromagnetic vacuum that causes the effect, where falling quantum fields try to fill that bubble. And those electromagnetic fields or quantum fields are pulling particles with them. 

We can see short-wave gamma- and long-wave radio waves. The gravitational waves can be thousands or even millions of kilometers long. And that makes it hard to detect them. In some models, all black holes send gravitational waves with their unique wavelengths. 

That depends on the event horizon's size. In that model, the dense energy between the transition disk and the event horizon is the point, where gravitational waves are leaving. In that case, the dense energy interacts with quantum fields sending radiation that we know as gravitational waves. 

https://scitechdaily.com/cambridge-researchers-discover-new-way-to-measure-dark-energy/

https://scitechdaily.com/nasas-cosmic-vision-simulating-our-galaxy-through-gravitational-waves/

Dark energy is one of the biggest mysteries in the universe.

 Dark energy is one of the biggest mysteries in the universe. 

Dark energy is roughly 68% of the universe. The source of dark energy is unknown. Some researchers believe that black holes are the source of that unknown wave movement that rips the universe into pieces. The idea of this theory is that the universe is full of black holes. Some of them are smaller than atoms. Every black hole is the tube or tunnel between the third and fourth dimensions. 

The dark energy would be energy, that falls from the fourth dimension into the third dimension (or dimension where we live) through black holes. When material falls in a black hole, it interacts with energy that falls from the fourth dimension or the energy level that is so high, that material cannot interact with so high-energy material. 

Black holes can cause a situation where the energy level in a material rises so high that it loses its ability to interact with other particles. If we look at image 2, the droplet that is separated from the statue is the dimension or material whose energy level is so high that it cannot interact with other materials. For making the interaction between that bubble that symbolizes the fourth dimension and the 3D material the material must form the statue that connects the 4D energy level and 3D energy levels.

If we want to model the supernova explosion as a 2D layer we can use water and droplets that hit water the model how energy interacts in black holes. The reason why it's so difficult to model black holes and supernovas is simple. We cannot model a pothole that is a ball and hovers in the air. 

The supernova explosion is like a stone or droplet that impacts water. When that stone hits water it makes a pothole in it. Then water fills that pothole impacts the point of that pothole and forms a statue. Energy- and quantum fields interact in the same way. When a supernova explosion happens it pushes quantum fields away.  

Then the quantum fields fall into that pothole they are forming energy statues or energy pillars. If the energy pillar's energy level is high enough it forms the channel to the fourth dimension. So the energy that falls from the fourth dimension to the third dimension keeps that channel open or energy statue in its form. 

The fourth dimension is the energy level. And that means when the energy level of the material rises high enough, that thing forms a situation where particles are rising out from the third dimension. That thing forms a hole in dimension. 

The thing that makes black holes black is the extremely powerful gravitational field. But how black hole can send radiation and pull particles in it? The fact is that an extremely powerful gravitational field is the result of time dilation. The black hole travels in time. The energy statue that is so high that its top cannot interact with 3D material travels back in time. That means there is a hole in the dimension. Time travels backward in a black hole because its escaping velocity is higher than the speed of light. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

Does the AI take jobs from programmers?

 Does the AI take jobs from programmers? 

Before we start to discuss topics: Will the AI take jobs from programmers? We must realize that the AI will not do any work for humans. Even if AI is an excellent tool for programming the human operators must check the code. 

Things like Chat GPT and Bing could be excellent programming tools but their limits are this. They need a very complicated and precise description of what the user wants. And that is quite hard to make without knowledge of programming. Without precise and clear orders the AI cannot create the code from public databases. 

So again: Does the AI take jobs from programmers? 

The answer is yes and no. If the AI makes the computer programs, it requires very accurate orders. And people who give orders for the AI must understand something about programming. When we think about public AIs like Bing and Chat GPT they can make effective complicated code structures. 

Those code structures are easy to modify from the trunk where the databases are not yet named. And paths are missing. If the user of those AIs knows about programming that makes that person's work easier. 

However, the user of those AIs must make some changes to the code, so that the system can turn it into computer programs. Things like database paths are things, that must be correct and if those things are not right that application will work. 

The AI is the next-generation tool for programming, and the AI-based software takes programming into the next generation. Next-generation programming is more like writing an essay or using spoken languages than the symbol function that modern programming languages use. Programming is the thing that requires development. 

The basic requirement for programming AI is the interactive mode. The interactive mode discusses with programmers. It makes the process easier than modern AI where the user must give all parameters and instructions before the AI starts to make its duty. Before interactive AI starts operation, it asks for the product description. But then it keeps in contact with customers during the entire process. The interactive mode is the tool that makes AI even more effective than it is today. 

The next-generation AI can accept symbols (like ">>" in C++), but it can also accept descriptions. If the user says that the needed database names are "A.SQL" and "B.SQL" the AI-based system must have access to a computer. The AI-based system needs authorization so that the AI can find the right route to the index where those files are. 

So can AI create successful computer programs? The fact is that. If we want to make AI-based programming tools, we must realize that there are multiple variables that we must remember. 

AI-based programming requires an interactive ability with a special user interface where the necessary variables are listed, and where the user can describe the program's purpose. The common AI can make computer programs, but that requires so complicated description that it's hard to make. 

The interactive AI will make the program with the programmer. The system asks the purpose of the program. When AI finishes some part of the process, interactive AI asks if the program is nice. And does it pleasure the user?

 Constructing the software is a thing that requires more limited but same time more advanced AI than modern AIs are. The interactive function is the tool that makes AI an effective tool for making software. But without that ability making the program using AI is very hard. 

https://www.wired.com/story/chatgpt-coding-software-crisis/

Could the mysterious RNA circles produced in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases be the key to those symptoms?

  Could the mysterious RNA circles produced in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases be the key to those symptoms? 

The RNA circle acts like a computer program's loop when it travels through a cell organ without the ability to separate itself from that organ. The cell organ continues that process until the RNA circle is removed from that cell organ. And if that RNA circle does not remove its touch, it damages the cell organ. 

The cell uses RNA molecules to control it's organs. When RNA circle travels through a cell organelle or cell organ it controls the actions of that thing. If a circle-looking RNA molecule travels through a cell organ without the ability to separate itself it keeps the cell organ busy. When a circle-looking RNA molecule travels through cell organs it acts like a computer program's loop. That RNA circle is the thing that keeps the cell organ busy, and it doesn't have time to do anything else. 

"Researchers have identified over 11,000 circRNAs in brain cells linked to Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. These circRNAs may offer insights into the diseases’ molecular foundations and have potential applications as biomarkers and in RNA-based treatments." (ScitechDaily.com/Brain’s Hidden “Junk” – Mysterious RNA Circles Produced by Cells Damaged in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s Disease)

The mysterious RNA circles that form in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's can be the thing that damages those neurons. The RNA molecule is the element that the cell uses in its internal communication. Or those RNA molecules are tools, that cells use to control its cell organs. Parkinson's and Alzheimer's isolate the neurons from each other. When a neuron sends a signal or neurotransmitters over synopsis it needs the signal that tells that signal reached the receiving neuron. And if that echo is not coming the neuron sends that signal again. 

If the neuron doesn't get feedback it increases the transmitting power. That thing causes a situation where neurons must create RNA. The plaque between neurons prevents neurotransmitters from traveling through the hole between neurons. When a neuron creates the RNA molecules that adjust its transmitting power to a higher level and it will not get feedback, those RNA molecules cause a situation, called a "loop". 

When the entire neuron is full of RNA molecules neuron has no time to make anything else than raise its transmitting power. That causes a situation where energy production in mitochondria must also rise. And finally, that thing fills the cell with metabolism products. Also when mitochondria rise it's power it raises the temperature in neurons. And that affects the amino acids' functions. Then sooner or later that situation causes damage in the cell. And finally, the neuron dies. 

https://scitechdaily.com/brains-hidden-junk-mysterious-rna-circles-produced-by-cells-damaged-in-parkinsons-and-alzheimers-disease/

Dark photons can explain dark matter.

  Dark photons can explain dark matter. 

A dark photon, anti-photon, or negative photon is a theoretical particle that is opposite to a photon. A regular or positive photon is a visible particle that travels at light speed. And that regular photon is the thing that transports information in the universe. The photon speed is the same as the speed of light. And that means photons have an energy stability with their environment. 

If we think that a photon is like a regular particle it has no mass, because energy will not travel between a photon and its environment. Photon will get all its energy back, and the thing that makes it interesting is that it should recycle energy through it. The photon will not get rid of its quantum field. When it releases its energy it will get new energy back. And that means the photon cannot slow its speed. So if the photon has no mass that means it slows. And that means it will not photon anymore after it slows its speed. 

The thing, that makes hypothetical dark photons dark is that quantum fields travel in into that particle. The reason why dark photons cannot turn back to visible or white photons is this: there are lots more dark photons than visible photons. And when the energy level in a dark photon rises it sends it into the other dark photons. Dark photon sends that energy into particles. They have even lower energy levels than dark photons. 

"A global team of scientists has delved deeper into understanding the complex nature of dark matter, which comprises a staggering 84% of the universe’s matter content. Their focus has been on the ‘dark photon’, a theoretical particle that might bridge the gap between the elusive dark sector and regular matter." (ScitechDaily.com/Dark Photons: The Key to Unraveling the Dark Matter Mystery?)

So dark photon would have a similar role between the second and third dimension as white photon has between the third- and the fourth dimension. Dimensions are energy levels. And that means photons could transmit energy from the fourth dimension to the third dimension which is at the lower energy level. The reason for that is this. If there is a particle with the same oscillation in a lower energy level energy travels from a higher energy level to a lower energy level. 

And that is the reason why we cannot see the second dimension. The sign from higher energy universes could be gravitational radiation. The size of particles in a higher energy universe or the fourth dimension would be so small, that we cannot detect that radiation. 

The thing that makes the mass to dark photon is the low energy level of that particle. Because quantum fields travel in those particles. that makes a very weak pulling effect. But the large mass of those photons makes that gravitational effect strong. 

The dark photon is the photon. That is at a lower energy level than other photons. The theory of dark photons goes like this: The photons are the particles between the fourth and third dimensions. The dark photons are particles between the second and third dimensions. So the thing, that makes a hypothetical dark photon dark is that quantum fields are traveling into it. If energy travels to some particle without echo that makes the particle invisible. 

https://scitechdaily.com/dark-photons-the-key-to-unraveling-the-dark-matter-mystery/

Dark matter and gravitons are the biggest mysteries in the universe.

 Dark matter and gravitons are the biggest mysteries in the universe. 

Could an extremely small primordial black hole that is smaller than gluon be the source of gravitational radiation and gravitational waves? 

If a graviton is an extremely small primordial black hole. That explains dark energy. The atom-size or smaller black holes can be stable. If they get enough energy. Those small black holes interact similar way as the larger black holes. And there are energy beams also in those small black hole's poles. The energy that leaves those poles could be the thing called dark energy. 

If those small black holes are between quarks and gluons they could send radiation into both particles. The pushing radiation that comes out from primordial black holes would impact into quark and gluon. There those particles will take that energy into their quantum field. 

When those quarks and gluons send radiation that they get from that primordial black hole back there is forming a channel where a larger energy beam covers smaller but higher energy beam. So that primordial back hole would be in the tunnel. Where it sends radiation into that quark and gluon. Because gluon is smaller than quark lots of radiation that comes from quarks travels through the gluon. 

Can dark matter made of gravitons? The answer is that nobody knows. The graviton is a hypothetical particle. That could be the link between the fourth- and the third dimension. 

The fourth dimension is the energy level where 3D material cannot interact with 4D material. So graviton could be the hole between energy levels or spaces. In some theories hypothetical graviton is an extremely small black hole, that brings energy from a higher dimension. 

A black hole is an object between 4D and 3D worlds. And graviton would be the extremely small black hole. But in some other models, the graviton could be a whirl- or spiral-looking gravitational field. So the graviton would be a virtual particle. 

The idea is this: a black hole pulls material and radiation in it. During that process, the black hole loads that material with a very high energy level. Then there is material that falls from the fourth dimension. And when those two materials are impacting the energy travels from higher energy material into lower energy particles. And that energy flow causes gravitational radiation. 

The thing is that dark matter will not probably form purely gravitons. But dark matter involves an element that makes gravitation interact also between visible and dark matter. So there could be gravitons also in dark matter. That gravitational interaction tells that there is something that causes the gravitational effect, but that thing doesn't interact in any other way. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/dark-matter-gravitons/

https://scitechdaily.com/understanding-the-mysteries-of-the-cosmos-new-clues-to-dark-matter-from-primordial-black-holes/

https://scitechdaily.com/primordial-black-holes-the-size-of-an-atom-what-new-experimental-evidence-suggests/

Robot ants can destroy foreign species like fire ants.

   Robot ants can destroy foreign species like fire ants. 

Fire ants are a new foreign species in Europe. Those ants are aggressive and harmful foreign species.  The problem with poisons is that some ants and ant queens will survive from poisons whose mission is to destroy the ant population. 

Those insects turn immune to poisons, and used poisons also affect useful insects. The robot ants or cyborg ants can be used to destroy queens from the population. Robot ants offer non-poisonous alternatives for the poison that causes danger in nature. 

Fire ant

Cyborg bug

 Someone introduced the idea, that things like ants can destroyed using cyborg ants. Cyborg ants are ants equipped with microchips that take them in command. The operator can equip some ants by using microchips. 

And then they can use those implanted ants to destroy eggs, and cyborg ants can assassinate the queen from the nests. Implanted cyborg insects can be used to carry pollen into the wanted vegetables. That thing makes the harvest better. 

The cyborg bugs also could be used in the drug war. Those small-size robots can used to carry harmful fungi to those drug plants. In some other visions, the small robots can simply cut the pistils and the heads of the stamens. That thing denies things like opium poppies the ability to make seeds. 

https://www.insidescience.org/news/brief-worlds-smallest-remote-controlled-cyborg-bug

https://scitechdaily.com/red-alert-invasive-fire-ants-confirmed-in-europe-for-the-first-time-one-of-the-worst-invasive-species/

Neutron stars and mountains generate gravitational waves.

    Neutron stars and mountains generate gravitational waves. 

The mountains of the neutron stars are less than milli- or micrometer class. But the neutron star is one of the densest objects in the universe. 

That means even the smallest anomalies in their form have a bigger effect than around the smaller objects. The neutron star is a very homogenous object that consists of only neutrons or a neutron-quark structure where in the middle of it is some kind of quark liquid. 

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Could the dark energy form when waves in elementary particles' quantum fields push the quantum field around them away?

Could the dark energy form when waves in elementary particles' quantum fields push the quantum field around them away? In that case, the quantum hills around the elementary particles interact like mountains on neutron stars.

There is a model that no particle in the universe is not perfectly slight. The stretch in the quantum field is a small energy wave. That means the energy wave in the elementary particle's quantum field is the thing that interacts with its environment like a neutron star's mountain interacts. 

The small anomaly whose height is probably less than a micrometer conducts gravitational waves away from the neutron star's structure. So the energy wave in the elementary particle's quantum field could be an effect that causes the dark energy. 

And there are stretches also in the shell of the elementary particles. Sometimes is introduced that when the elementary particles spin very fast, the stretches on it's quantum field push the outside quantum fields away. And that thing causes the effect called Dark Energy. 

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Artist's depiction of a highly magnetize neutron star known as a magnetar. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/S. Wiessinger (Phys.org/Researchers: If neutron stars have mountains, they should generate gravitational waves)

And then neutron star's mountains can generate gravitational waves. 

Researchers say that neutron star's mountains can generate gravitational waves. There is a possibility that neutron stars can be mountains and mountain areas. Those things' height is less than a millimeter. But they are acting as antennas that make anomalies or points with different strengths in neutron star gravitational waves. 

The "mountain" on the neutron star conducts gravitational waves out from the neutron star's core. A fast-rotating neutron star turns that point in different directions. The neutron star's gravitational field is extremely dense. The thing that limits the height of the mountains is gravity. The neutron star is an extremely slight object, and even if one neutron is on the above others can cause visible interaction. 

Also, mountains on Earth can act as those neutron star's mountains. And that means Earth can send gravitational waves that are far weaker than neutron star's gravitational waves.  

Sometimes people ask why neutron stars are not deacy. Or why neutrons in neutron stars do not decay. The reason for that is energy that comes from outside the neutron star. A neutron star pulls material like plasma into it. And those ions and anions will travel to it's poles. 

The neutron star itself is in a bubble. That sends radiation into it. The loss of energy is the thing that causes the neutron's death. When neutrons are in space they send photons. Whenever a neutron sends a photon, it loses its energy. And when enough energy is gone, the quantum field around the neutron cannot keep it in its form. And that causes decay. There are lots of neutrons in neutron stars, so if one of them decays that has no effect in a short period. 

The thing is that strong gravity with weak nuclear interaction are things, that keep neutron stars in their form. The gravitational waves can form in mountains of those things. Or the strings between those neutrons are pushing quantum fields around that strange structure. And there is the possibility that that interaction forms gravitational waves. 

Another thing is the fast rotation speed. The neutron star will dilate time because of outcoming energy, and a strong gravitational field. And also fast rotation speed slows time at a neutron star's shell. The outcoming energy causes a situation where the neutrons get new energy. And that denies their decay. 

https://phys.org/news/2023-09-neutron-stars-mountains-generate-gravitational.html

Webb found carbon dioxide and methane in the exoplanet's atmosphere.

 Webb found carbon dioxide and methane in the exoplanet's atmosphere. 

Exoplanet K2-18b is an ocean planet, an 8,6 times Earth's mass world, that is covered by ocean. The planet's size is something between Earth And Neptune. The planet is one of them that orbits a red dwarf in its habitable zone. And that thing makes those findings interesting. 

The water world might not host intelligent lifeforms. But there is a possibility that in that giant ocean swims some kind of organisms. The existence of those organisms like cells and amoebas, and probably fish-like creatures, is not sure. 

Confirming those things requires more observations. But methane and carbon dioxide are promising things that could show the existence of some underwater organisms. But the distance to K2-18b is 120 light years. 

And that means we cannot confirm the existence of those hypothetical primitive creatures. And at that point, I must say that at least on Earth even the tiniest organisms traveled through as long evolution as humans. And that thing causes interesting visions. Confirming the existence of the fish-shaped, non-intelligent aliens is far more difficult than confirming the intelligent and technically advanced race's existence. 

The reason for that is the intelligent, technically advanced civilization leaves technical signatures like pollution and night lights. The problem is that if the aliens are at the level of cavemen they would not leave strong technical signatures. 

The water layer protects those lifeforms against the red dwarf's flares. And that means the K2-18b is a good candidate for hosting primitive lifeforms. In some visions, the future astronauts could live under the ice in stations that hover in oceans of Jupiter and Saturn's icy moon. In that case, the water layer covers astronauts against cosmic radiation. 

There is the possibility that primitive lifeforms that could look like crustaceans or fishes could be quite common in the universe. The thing is that those lifeforms are interesting, and if somebody could confirm to find a planet that hosts extraterrestrial lifeforms that would be a scientific sensation. But those primitive lifeforms are not a thing that affects us. The thing that researchers want and are afraid to find is an intelligent, technically advanced culture. 

https://interestingengineering.com/science/water-on-exoplanet-k2-18b-webb-finds-possible-molecular-clues

https://scitechdaily.com/beyond-earth-webb-space-telescope-detects-key-molecules-on-exoplanet-k2-18-b/

The Universe did not begin from "nothing".

  The Universe did not begin from "nothing". 

The reason why, the Big Bang is so hard to understand is that: there should be material or some kind of quantum field before that event. So if the Schwinger effect formed material that requires that there were quantum fields or quantum foam before the event called the Big Bang. The fact is that the Big Bang was a series of events that formed all the material and energy that we know. And the material is one form of energy. 

The Big Bang never ended. We are living in the Big Bang that continues until time in the Universe ends and all material transformed into wave movement. The Universe is the Big Bang's remnant.  It's temperature decreases all the time. 

The modern universe is the fading remnant of that energy eruption that was the beginning of known material and energy.  Because the energy level in the universe decreases. As the size of the Universe increases we can say that the change is only a stable thing in that system of all confirmed material and energy. 

Material is one form of energy. And particles are thicker points in quantum fields. Swinger effect where two crossing energy fields turn into quarks requires that there is some kind of quantum field. The Big Bang can form material only if it sends some kind of shockwave into the quantum field around it. That shockwave turns the quantum field into particles. 

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The cosmic inflation

The history of the universe involves a stage that we call inflation. Term cosmic inflation means that the ratio of matter and energy to the volume of the universe is decreasing. In the young universe, material was more homogenous than in the modern universe. Gluons were the first particles that formed. The first plasma was gluon plasma, and then whirls of that gluon plasma formed quarks. 

The next step from gluon plasma is the quark-gluon plasma. If gluons send energy into space, that energy impacts only another gluon. The repelling effect of that radiation is more powerful than in a heterogenous universe that is full of different-sized particles. 

The inflation continues. The reason for that is that the universe expands. The expansion decreases the density of material and radiation. So maybe we should say that there are two stages of cosmic inflation. The hot and very fast inflation. And cold and slower inflation.  

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The Big Bang was not a "bang" that happened in total emptiness. There is no "nothing" or "empty" in the quantum world. And that means the Big Bang was the interaction between two quantum fields. There were some kind of quantum fields or quantum foam before the Big Bang. In all possible interaction models. 

The reason for that is that the Schwinger effect where the energy field will turn to material requires two crossing quantum fields. The impact of those quantum fields forms whirls that are turning to material.  Schwinger effect form always particle-antiparticle pair. And if the Schwinger effect formed the Universe. 

It means there should be at least the hypothetical "anti-universe" or antimatter universe. Time travels forward in the antimatter universe, but the particles are their mirror versions. In a hypothetical antiuniverse, electrons have a positive electric load, protons have negative electricity, and neutrons spin oppositely. 

There is the possibility that the Schwinger effect formed material from the quantum foam in the phenomenon that looks like the vacuum bomb. First, some effect formed shockwave or electromagnetic vacuum or void in the quantum foam. Then that vacuum fell. Or outside quantum field pressed it together, and quantum foam impacted in the middle of that bubble. Impacting quantum fields just reflect from the center of the bubble. 

And the pressure wave travels back and forth. During that movement, it collected energy into it. Sooner or later that extremely powerful radiation formed the bubble that continues its expansion. When the energy level turned low enough those chaotic energy fields formed first gluons. 

https://www.popularmechanics.com/space/deep-space/a44938366/was-our-universe-created-by-black-hole/

There is no "nothing" in the quantum world.

   There is no "nothing" in the quantum world. 

The bubble theory goes like this. All material and quantum fields are one kind of bubble. And everywhere in the universe are quantum fields. Those quantum fields transport information, and there could be short and long-term vacuums or voids in those fields. When some of those voids collapse the quantum wave travels from the shell of that bubble into the middle of it. There that energy forms a standing wave and jumps back. 

That thing can explain why particles can form from emptiness. The particle is like a standing wave or power field in that quantum foam. In that model, the falling bubble in quantum foam can involve "sub foam". And then the outcoming quantum field or quantum foam just tries to press that bubble in. In that case, the pressure wave will lock in a certain position. 

The energy that comes outside the particle cannot press the internal energy or waves of a particle at one point. The ability to reach energy minimum causes a situation. Where energy travels back and forth in the border of that particle. When the bubble that we call a "particle" gets a lower energy level than the outside quantum field that causes a situation where that back and forth traveling energy locks the particle or bubble in its form. 

So could that interaction explain dark energy? The quantum foam would be the thing that interacts with all energy sources. And that thing could be one of the reasons why there is too much energy in the universe. 

In visions, there is a state of material called quantum foam. The density of quantum foam determines if we see that thing as wave movement or particles. In the case that material or elementary particles are like whisk-looking structures that spin very fast. Those strings that form the structure that we see as quarks or leptons are quantum lightning. 

So could that interaction explain dark energy? The quantum foam would be the thing that interacts with all energy sources. And that thing could be one of the reasons why there is too much energy in the universe. 

In visions, there is a state of material called quantum foam. The density of quantum foam determines if we see that thing as wave movement or particles. In the case that material or elementary particles are like whisk-looking structures that spin very fast. Those strings that form the structure that we see as quarks or leptons are quantum lightning. 

And there is the possibility that these kinds of things are one form of quantum foam. So when information travels somewhere the wave movement is a denser area in this quantum foam. And if there is some kind of empty area like Boötes void in the universe that thing can delete information that travels through those cosmic voids. 

We can think of information as the string that travels through the Boötes void, and when that string comes from the regular quantum foam to the low dense or empty point in that cosmic void the vacuum pulls it forward. That can cause a situation where the gravitational effect from backward pulls that string straight. 

So that thing is the extreme version of redshift. Because that quantum foam doesn't cause resistance the superstring starts to travel forward with extremely high speed. And then that extreme redshift pulls that string straight. The information cannot vanish. But it can be decrypted in a form that we cannot recognize it. 

In some visions, some kind of bubbles or miniature or quantum versions of Boötes void caused the famous Muon G-2 anomaly in Fermilab. Some kind of bubbles in quantum foam formed the small quantum vacuum that affected Muon's trajectories. There is a vision that those quantum voids pushed that quantum foam away from some areas. And maybe that thing explains the fifth force. 

The quantum foam explains why crossing the speed of light is so difficult. That quantum foam forms a similar quantum field as air molecules form. And that thing causes a thing called a light wall. The particle cannot press itself through the quantum foam because energy travels out from it at a critical moment. 

https://bigthink.com/hard-science/muon-g-2-new-physics/

https://bigthink.com/hard-science/nothing-exist-quantum-foam/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C3%B6tes_Void

Gravity doesn't begin instantly.

  Gravity doesn't begin instantly.

Gravity, or gravitational interaction, is one of the most powerful and dominating effects of what we know. We can describe gravitational interaction as the process where two particles or objects form a bridge and that bridge or energy tunnel pulls objects together. The size and density of the object determine its gravitational field. 

We can see that large and dense objects have strong gravitational fields. That thing causes an idea that quantum low pressure in the middle of the large particles causes a situation where quantum fields start to travel in the middle of the particle.

The outcoming gravitational radiation causes a thing called a gravity field. The reason why gravitational interaction doesn't begin immediately is that the tunnel where gravitation interacts. This tunnel is the thing that causes gravitational interaction between dark matter and visible matter. The gravitational tunnel must form before gravitational interaction can begin. 

The question is where that gravitational radiation comes from. Of course, we can say that it comes from a particle called graviton. And maybe graviton is the thing that forms interaction between gluon and quark. In that model, graviton could be like a small black hole between gluon and quark. 

In that model, large and dense objects can cover the gravitational nucleus. That thing denies outcoming radiation impact to the gravitational center. This causes situations where gravitational waves can travel longer than in the case of small and non-dense objects. There is no other limit for gravitational effect's distance than other gravitational waves. A large and dense object sends gravitational waves with stronger power than a low-mass object. 

Impacting gravity waves causes the situation that there are forming standing waves in that radiation. Those standing waves adjust gravitational waves into another frequency. Those other four frequencies and wavelengths are other fundamental interactions. 

The reason why gravitational interaction is so weak is in wavelength. But it interacts in long distances is that other interactions. That is wave movement with other wavelengths covering gravitational waves under them. 

Normally we use copper or other metallic antennas that are receiving electromagnetic wave movement. The gravitational interaction has so a short wavelength that it cannot resonate with those atoms in a large area that the resonance is detectable. 

All four fundamental forces are the quantum fields. And if there is only one force in the universe that could explain gravitation like this. When objects send gravitational radiation from the gravitational center. That gravitational interaction pushes other gravitational waves away. Then gravitational waves try to push that outcoming gravitational radiation back in the gravitational center. 

To force the gravitational radiation back into the gravitational center requires. It reaches a higher energy level than gravitational radiation that comes from the gravitational center. That outcoming radiation must store enough energy to make that thing. 

The outcoming gravitational waves that travel into the gravitational center form standing waves. And the height of those standing waves must be high enough. That they can push gravitational radiation back in. So the idea is this. Gravity is the base wave movement. Impacting gravitational waves form higher waves that are weak nuclear interaction, strong nuclear interaction, and electromagnetism. The difference between those forces is only wavelength. 

The gravitational interaction is based on the idea that when somewhere is an electromagnetic shadow. That means that electromagnetic fields start to travel to fill that area. The interesting thing is that gravitation seems to interact oppositely with other quantum fields or fundamental interactions.

The gravitational radiation is one of the biggest mysteries in the universe. That radiation pushes all other quantum fields away from the gravitational center. The thing that causes the pulling effect is the case that quantum fields impact with those gravitational waves. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/gravity-doesnt-happen-instantly/

Negative thinking and computing.

  Negative thinking and computing. 

Vectors and inverse matrixes are ultimate combinations. 

When engineers are thinking about problems, they should think through a problem. The idea is similar to vector calculations in mathematics. The idea is the opposite of the regular way, where people try to go from point A to point B by following the shortest route. 

A typical vectorial way to think about things is this: the teacher wants to walk from the house's door to the car across the yard, and during that journey teacher will get a snow shower from the warehouse. The idea is that we can go from point A to point B through point C. The journey is longer but it's still a journey from point A to point B. 

In data security, the vector model means that the sender system can send the cipher key into different routes or at different times for receivers. The idea is that once a day the server system sends the list of decryption algorithms to receivers. Then before the message the server sends code to the receiver which decryption keys it must use in the message. 

The receiver can get that number in physical form. The number of active optical fibers in the light cable can tell what decryption key the receiver must use. The quantum system can also use forms which means optical fibers must form certain images so that the receiver can find the right decryption key. 

So why don't we think "what something is not"? 

Negative thinking in computing means that the system thinks "What object is not"? Positive thinking means that the system simply thinks. That the "object is". 

The ability to eliminate impossible things is a key element in the AI. But sometimes people do not think. They should also ask, "Why something is impossible"? Is the thing that makes something impossible only that nobody has tried or has written about that before? Or is something impossible because nobody invests money in it? 

The negative way to close and handle problems helps to find weaknesses in models. And also find new corners and new dimensions from the object. A negative way to close problems helps to find new ways to handle them. '

Above: Inverse Matrix (QuantaMagazine/Alan Turing and the Power of Negative Thinking)

Inverse matrix and cryptology. 

Alan Turing's idea of negative thinking is the opposite or inverse matrix. The inverse matrix is the tool that helps to calculate formulas and calculations backward. This thing helps in error handling. The inverse matrix is the tool that also decrypts information. In the encryption process, the cipher key will count binary numbers to encrypt the ASCII code. And that thing makes computers unable to open the message without a decryption key. In the decryption process receiving system calculates those encyption calculations backward. 

These encryption systems are necessary for things like GSM (5G,6G...) type of communication. The idea is that devices open only data packets that senders marked by a certain number series. That allows to send information into multiple systems at the same time by using the same frequency. 

The inverse matrix is one tool that cryptologists use when they try to break computerized codes. So they try to get the decryption algorithms in their hands. An inverse matrix is simple to model in binary systems. 

Matrix

11110001110011...

Inverse matrix

00001110001100...

So as you see, zeros and ones have just changed their place. And this thing makes computers possible to crack the code. The quantum system is hard to crack because there is also a physical part in the system, and even a virtual quantum system is hard to crack. 

The quantum random number generators are tools that make information transportation safer. If information travels in the light cable the random number generator can random how many and which optical fibers the system uses in data transportation. In the place of optical fiber could be the group of radio frequencies or the signal strength also can be the key that the receiving system uses. 

In the simplest models if the signal's strength is wrong. The receivers simply route it into the zero gate and crush it. The changing single strength can make it possible for the signal to act like a physical key. The changes in the signal's power are acting like groove depths in the physical key. 

Quantum communication, the system cuts information into pieces by using TCP/IP protocol-type protocols. And then it sends information pieces through different routes. 

So that means even if one route is dangered because of the eavesdrops those operators cannot get the full message. The optical fibers in the optical cable can form a certain form that is like a laser key. And that form activates certain inverse matrices that the receiving system can use for decrypting messages. 

https://www.quantamagazine.org/alan-turing-and-the-power-of-negative-thinking-20230905/

https://scitechdaily.com/better-cybersecurity-with-a-new-quantum-random-number-generator/

Images: 

https://www.quantamagazine.org/alan-turing-and-the-power-of-negative-thinking-20230905/

Will humans ever go to Mars?

  Will humans ever go to Mars? 

Nuclear rockets are always a risk to their environment. 

The problem with that kind of journey is that Mars is not the Moon. The distance to that planet is extraordinary for our rocket technology. For that journey, we require nuclear rockets, and there is a lot of political resistance against nuclear engines. It's possible to make lightweight nuclear reactors that use plutonium at the weapon enrichment level. But making that kind of reactor safe, requires a Moonbase. 

The plutonium pellets will transported to the Moon in the form of uranium. Then the nuclear reactor transfers that uranium into plutonium. Then the interplanetary craft's reactor will be loaded with plutonium. For making that process safe the operators must send uranium to the Moon in very small transport batches. The nuclear rocket will launch from the Moon orbiter because in the case of an accident. Radioactive debris drops on the Moon. 

This kind of project is huge. There is lots of money that is needed. And there are billions of other targets for resources that manned Mars missions require. But many other things can cause end-of-manned Mars programs. And one of them is that Mars can be polluted if there are humans on that planet. 

Above:) Artist's impression of NASA's nuclear-powered spacecraft project called "Draco". 

Artist's impression of Von Braun's wheel.  

If humans go to Mars too soon with non-completed technology. There is a possibility that the organic material that comes from Earth will pollute the entire Mars. 

There is the possibility that once in history there were tiny lifeforms on Red Planet. There could be DNA or RNA remnants of those bacteria that could be procaryotes. But the main reason why Mars station is not possible is that Mars is not safe. There is carbon dioxide ice under the shell, and that can cause dangerous collapses. Things like dust storms cause problems for antennas and power supply. 

For making some space missions safe. There is a need lot of information about the targeted planets. Before humans can enter Mars. There could be space stations that orbit the Red Planet even decades before humans can land on Mars. There is a need for a large space station that could be Von Braun's wheel. That space station or group of space stations can be used to remote control robots on the Mars surface. 

The mission of those robots is to search for lifeforms or lifeform remnants. Another mission of those space stations is to offer a safe place for astronauts in the case of accidents. The space stations offer sterile and isolated platforms for planetary operations. 

Before astronauts can land on other planets they must know if there are some kind of active lifeforms. Maybe that thing is not a problem on Mars. But on icy moons like Europa could be primitive lifeforms. Another risk on those icy moons is that the ice shell collapses. 

https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/will-humans-ever-go-to-mars/