Wednesday, November 29, 2023

How is lack of financial planning linked with a higher risk of death?

    How is lack of financial planning linked with a higher risk of death?


When we are looking at risk persons who have bad risk management and who take non-necessary risks too often, we need some kind of indicators that we can use to select those risk persons. The people who take unnecessary risks like driving too fast also have an attitude, that they can avoid everything boring. 

And financial planning is a boring thing. So lack of financial planning may raise the risk of death. And if that is true, that thing is connected with a bad lifestyle, too much sugar, and other things, like drinking too much alcohol. 




"A new study shows that older individuals who engage in long-term financial planning have a lower risk of death, suggesting a link between proactive financial habits and improved health outcomes, particularly for those with lower socioeconomic status." (ScitechDaily.com/New Study: Lack of Financial Planning Linked to Higher Risk of Death)


Also, bad company can raise the possibility of dying prematurely. If authorities want to track risk persons, they need some indicators. And could lack of financial planning be one of those wanted indicators? 

Lack of financial planning is an interesting thing. Financial planning is one of the most boring things in the world. And if a person cannot concentrate on boring things that can tell that the person has some problems with concentration. The concentration problems can connected with ADHD and sometimes to alcohol and narcotics problems. Also, lack of concentration means lower education, which sometimes brings non-wanted actors into the person's life. 

The thing is that the lack of planning skills means that a person's lifestyle lacks a long-term approach. If a person lives "here and now" or the person's motto is "Carpe Diem" or living in the moment without worrying about tomorrow, that thing can cause very bad health problems. That lifestyle where a person lives like the last days, that thing can cause liver problems. Those people can also involve things like drugs and other kinds of non-wanted things.  


https://scitechdaily.com/new-study-lack-of-financial-planning-linked-to-higher-risk-of-death/


Saturday, November 25, 2023

How can an immortal jellyfish, "Turritopsis Dohrnii" help to extend human life?

   How can an immortal jellyfish, "Turritopsis Dohrnii" help to extend human life?


Bacteria are immortal. The reason for that is bacteria transfer their DNA to their descendants. And that means bacteria are full copies of their parent cells. Immortality in higher animals than single-cell bacteria is not a very usual thing. But there is one biologically immortal jellyfish. 

"Turritopsis Dohrnii" is a small, biologically immortal jellyfish. This small jellyfish has a great role in the research of aging. That jellyfish can take back its polyps form. And some insects have the same ability. During that process  "Turritopsis Dohrnii" removes things like zombie cells from its body. Removing zombie cells from the body helps slow aging and denies cancer. 

" If the T. Dohrnii jellyfish is exposed to environmental stress, physical assault, or is sick or old, it can revert to the polyp stage, forming a new polyp colony It does this through the cell development process of transdifferentiation, which alters the differentiated state of the cells and transforms them into new types of cells." (Wikipedia/Turritopsis dohrnii)

"Theoretically, this process can go on indefinitely, effectively rendering the jellyfish biologically immortal, although in practice individuals can still die. In nature, most Turritopsis Dohrnii are likely to succumb to predation or disease in the medusa stage without reverting to the polyp form. (Wikipedia/Turritopsis dohrnii). 



Turritopsis dohrnii (Pinterest)



Lifecycle of "Turritopsis Dohrnii" (https://www.scienceabc.com/Why Is Turritopsis Dohrnii Called The Immortal Jellyfish?)




Turritopsis dohrnii (Wikipedia/Turritopsis dohrnii)


The question is, what denies the DNA damage in that jellyfish? Immortality requires that the DNA will not damaged. And taking the polyp form back doesn't fix the DNA in that jellyfish. 

There is a process that makes Turritopsis Dohrnii able to keep its DNA in the condition that the jellyfish doesn't age as other animals. Things that normally cause DNA destruction are chemical and radiological stress that makes DNA oscillate, and that means the descendant cells will not get the same DNA as their parent cells. And only just-born human has complete DNA. 

The thing is that seawater protects sea animals from radioactive radiation like the sun's UV radiation. The problem is that Turritopsis Dohrnii is not the only animal that lives in seas. Other animals are aging. But the thing that makes this jellyfish interesting is that it's translucent. 

That means the structure of that animal doesn't absorb UV radiation more or less than other jellyfish that are mortal. The mechanism that keeps the DNA young is the thing that makes this jellyfish interesting. That mechanism can someday make it possible. That the human DNA will not turn older or be damaged. 

The process means that this jellyfish can create new cells. There is always the same DNA. The problem in human aging is that the human DNA is damaging. And if there is something that denies the damages in DNA that thing can open a new chapter in human history. There is a possibility that Turritopsis Dohrnii jellyfish has the DNA that is inside some kind of capsule that denies damage in that molecule. The thing is how this jellyfish denies DNA damage is interesting. And if we want to make humans immortal we must secure the DNA. And deny its damages in all situations. 

https://www.scienceabc.com/nature/animals/immortal-jellyfish-why-is-turritopsis-dohrnii-called-the-immortal-jellyfish.html

https://scitechdaily.com/aging-reimagined-how-immortal-jellyfish-dna-could-extend-human-life/


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turritopsis_dohrnii



Friday, November 24, 2023

The benefits of bilinguals are big.

  The benefits of bilinguals are big. 

A bilingual person can do many things otherwise than other people. They have great cognitive focus, and they probably can "excel at shifting their attention between tasks more effectively than monolingual individuals, according to a study recently published in the journal Bilingualism: Language and Cognition".  (ScitechDaily.com/Bilingual Minds, Sharper Focus: The Cognitive Benefits of Speaking Two Languages)

A bilingual person can speak and understand two languages fluently. And we all know that this ability makes things like studies easier. But now researchers have noticed that bilingual persons have higher cognitive abilities than monolingual, average people. 



"A recent study indicates that bilinguals may excel at controlling attention and disregarding irrelevant information compared to monolinguals, potentially due to their regular language switching. This finding contributes to the understanding of cognitive flexibility and underscores the diverse benefits of learning a second language". (ScitechDaily.com/Bilingual Minds, Sharper Focus: The Cognitive Benefits of Speaking Two Languages)


Bilingualism is one of the greatest things that a person can have. It helps to understand other cultures and make relationships over language barriers. If that other language is English. That makes it possible to get information from a larger area than a monolingual person can. If a bilingual person speaks some other language like some native language that person can be an interesting actor in cultural research. 

Surprisingly, bilingualism has never been researched before. The surprising thing in this University of Florida's research is that bilingualism doesn't make learning slower. The thing that a bilingual person can change attention more effectively and faster than a monolingual person is surprise. Bilingualism may have some kind of connection with brain areas that control focus. 

The fact is that bilingualism is an ability that requires research. That thing might have a deeper effect on human cognitive abilities than nobody imagined before. And that thing, the ability to change languages fluently is a  very big benefit for the person with that ability. The language is a door to another culture. And we should benefit from that kind of thing. 

https://scitechdaily.com/bilingual-minds-sharper-focus-the-cognitive-benefits-of-speaking-two-languages/

Wednesday, November 15, 2023

For the first time, researchers saw that a virus can infect another virus.

 For the first time, researchers saw that a virus can infect another virus. 

SciTechDaily describes the virus that infects another virus like this: 


"It’s known that some viruses, called satellites, depend not only on their host organism to complete their life cycle, but also on another virus, known as a “helper,” explains Ivan Erill, professor of biological sciences. The satellite virus needs the helper either to build its capsid, a protective shell that encloses the virus’s genetic material or to help it replicate its DNA." (ScitechDaily.com/Scientists Shocked by First-Ever Observation of a Virus Latching Onto Another – “I Can’t Believe This”)

That means the satellite virus or virus phage requires another virus to make descendants. And that thing can be the first time when researchers see, that virus infects another virus. The satellite virus does not go into a "helper". But it rides with it into the cell. In this text, the satellite virus is called a sub-virus. An interesting thing is: how those satellite or sub-viruses selcts their "helpers" or "carriers". 


"Researchers discovered a unique viral interaction where a satellite bacteriophage physically attaches to a helper bacteriophage. This groundbreaking finding, originating from what was initially thought to be a sequencing contamination, reveals a new type of viral relationship and suggests a long-term co-evolution between the two viruses".(ScitechDaily.com/Scientists Shocked by First-Ever Observation of a Virus Latching Onto Another – “I Can’t Believe This”) The question is: if the satellite virus separated from the "helper". How can it find that helper again? 



"This colorized transmission electron microscope image shows a newly discovered satellite virus latched onto its helper virus. This research represents the first time scientists have observed one virus attached to another. Out of 50 observed helpers, 40 had a satellite bound. Bioinformatic analysis of the satellite and helper viruses’ genomes provides clues as to why the satellite may have evolved to attach to the helper, and suggests this pair may have been co-evolving for about 100 million years. Credit: Tagide deCarvalho" (ScitechDaily.com/Scientists Shocked by First-Ever Observation of a Virus Latching Onto Another – “I Can’t Believe This")


Theories about sub-viruses or viruses that can infect another virus are interesting to read. Those virus-infecting viruses can make it possible to create new medicals against viruses.


The idea is that the mechanism that makes those sub-viruses or virus phages aim nanomachines or nanotechnical medicals at the viruses and destroy their DNA. The nanomachine that can called intelligent antivirus medicine can be the capsule that homes the targeted viruses. Then that nanomachine releases an enzyme that destroys the DNA that the targeted virus carries. 

The prime question is simple. How specific is that homing system that makes that virus phage search and infect another virus? And another interesting question is: can that ability extend to other antigens and viruses? If researchers can adjust that homing process, they can make the most powerful tool in nanotechnology than ever before. 

The sub-viruses or virus phages have been only theoretical level until now. The virus that infects another virus can be a revolutionary observation. The system that makes the sub-virus homing to host-virus would be an interesting thing. And then the system that makes this mechanism interesting is that the viruses have no metabolism that sub-virus can use as a homing system. The sub-virus that infects another virus is the thing that can make a revolution in nanotechnology. 

If researchers can extend that homing mechanism to nanomachine creation they can create the system that carries the nanomachine parts. And maybe those small carriers can be viruses that can search the objects that will not send chemical marks as cells. If researchers can adjust the molecules that make those viruses home to the wanted cells and expand that ability to all other proteins. That will make a revolution in medical- and nanomachine operations. 


https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-shocked-by-first-ever-observation-of-a-virus-latching-onto-another-i-cant-believe-this/

Tuesday, November 14, 2023

The mystery in the depth.

 The mystery in the depth. 


Oceans are full of mysteries. Why do sharks, tunas, and some other big sea predators dive very deep? Sometimes researchers introduced theories that they would dive to those depths because of easy food. The idea would be that those deep or those leap-layer fishes don't recognize those predators. That would give them a surprising momentum against their prey. 

The idea is that high pressure will press some dirt or metabolites from the blood vessels. And that helps those fishes keep their blood vessels young. And in some other models, the shark or some other creature shows that it will not have any genetic disorders. Because those deep-diving individuals have bones that can resist the water pressure. 





"New research using electronic tags and sonar data shows that large marine predators like sharks and tunas often dive into the deep mesopelagic zone, interacting with its dense layer of organisms for feeding and possibly other purposes. This zone is crucial for both ecological balance and commercial fishing, requiring careful study and conservation to prevent irreversible damage". (ScitechDaily.com/Unveiling the Mysteries: New Insights on Why Marine Predators Dive Into the Dark, Deep Sea)


That thing makes them good subjects for mating. In that model, the high water pressure would launch some kind of hormones that can tell the predicted mate that the individual is capable of making descendants with it. The deep diving behavior is a very interesting thing. And if researchers can calculate how many individuals make those deep dives? Does that tradition belong to the entire group? Or do only a few individuals participate in that thing? 


The next thing is interesting theory but confirmation is a very difficult thing. 


There are interesting tales about creatures that can change their form. and the fact is that we don't know how pressure affects fish. In some theories, some fishes can have a life cycle in that they will spend their entire life in surface or deep sea layers. When surface living fish makes its eggs. 

Those cubs will dive into the deep sea. And then the cubs of those creatures will rise to the surface. That thing should deny the genetic materials cumulation. The fact is that we don't know such species. But that thing denies fertilization with straight ancestors. And that separates two populations from each other. 


https://scitechdaily.com/unveiling-the-mysteries-new-insights-on-why-marine-predators-dive-into-the-dark-deep-sea/


Saturday, November 11, 2023

For the first time in history, researchers trapped electrons in 3D crystals.

     For the first time in history, researchers trapped electrons in 3D crystals. 

Sometimes crystal skulls and Stonehenge were introduced and they were primitive quantum computers. In the crystal skull case. The operator puts crystal skulls into a ring around one skull or some crystal pike. Then that formation turns to operate as qubits. 

The fact is that trapping electrons requires a special 3D structure. And that means crystal skulls cannot operate as quantum computers. The writing of Stonehenge is below this text. 

The crystal brain. 

The ability to store and trap electrons in the 3D crystals opens new paths to superconduction and quantum computing. Flowing electrons can form excellent superconduction. But the problem is how to trap those electron chains into their position. The ability to trap electrons in the crystals is one answer to that problem. 




"The rare electronic state is thanks to a special cubic arrangement of atoms (pictured) that resembles the Japanese art of “kagome.” Credit: Courtesy of the researchers." (ScitechDaily.com/Unlocking Superconductivity: MIT Physicists Trap Electrons in a 3D Crystal for the First Time)




But another way to use electrons that are trapped in crystals is to use them as quantum computers. The electrons can be put in the quantum entanglement in that 3D structure. And that thing can form compact and powerful quantum computers that are used to control compact-size robots and other things. 

The quantum brain can be a more effective system than any quantum system before. The model of those systems is the crystal or quartz crystal there are trapped electrons or photon-electron combinations. The idea of the crystal brain is "stolen" from the famous crystal skulls. The electrons can trapped in the quartz crystal. 

The piezo-electric attribute in quartz crystal makes it possible to drive information to those electrons.  The system can transmit information to those crystal brains with mechanical stress that transforms into electricity in those quartz crystals. Those things cause ideas that who created the quantum computers? And fact is this. We can use things without knowing it's purpose.

https://scitechdaily.com/unlocking-superconductivity-mit-physicists-trap-electrons-in-a-3d-crystal-for-the-first-time/



In some theories, Stonehenge is the world's first computer. 

If the iron stick is in the N/S direction between magnetic poles. That position magnetizes it. Maybe Stonehenge was the system whose purpose was to magnetize iron. That thing could be an impressive thing in the prehistoric era. And maybe the magnetic north pole's position change caused Stonehenge to lose its magic power. That made the users of that system to reject it. 

The thing is that Stonehenge might have many purposes. There is the possibility that the same system acted as a calendar and ceremonial place. When we think about the positions of the stones we must remember that the magnetic poles. Those poles are required for magnetizing metals and maybe crystals. Magnetic poles changed their position from the times when Stonehenge was operational. 

And maybe the loss of magic caused Stonehenge rejected. If Stonehenge creators used that thing to magnetize iron they needed knowledge of where is the magnetic north pole. If those metal sticks are not in line between N/S poles that means the system cannot magnetize iron. 

In this wild theory, the druids or persons who operated the Stonehenge, whose purpose remains unknown used that megalithic stone ring as the tool that allowed them to connect their brains. 

Somebody introduced this thing as the model of a high-power computer that uses natural electricity. So I use this system as the name Stonehenge. And its users are called druids.  



Sometimes somebody sees some kind of qubit in Stonehenge's structure. The idea is that information is brought to that system through heel stones and port stones. Then the system harvests natural electricity for operation. But those things are only visions. The fact is that there are a lot of ancient wisdom that were ahead of their time. And that thing causes theories about Stonehenge's purpose. 

The fact is that the megalithic structure had some kind of purpose. It is not made for fun. And because stones for that stone ring are from a long distance. That thing causes ideas that are the purpose of those stones to act as a resonance tool. Because those stones were far away from their origin and their chemical construction is different than local stones. That allows to send resonance impulses through those stones that can be separated from the environment. 



The system that those operators used could be acoustic. Or based on headaches that transmit data to their brain in electric form. That explains the different colors in those stones. Each group of operators is marked with their colors. Then the system shares data with those operators in pieces, which makes the system very effective qubit. 

Then each group returned their answer to their part of the problem to the chorus. Then each singer sings the answer. That the color has given in their turn. And that allows the druids to collect that solution. 

The question is: was Stonehenge analog or did it use some acoustic or even electric method to transmit data into that ancient qubit? 

1) The operators can use paper bites. There were those papers cut in pieces and every circle of those druids thought the solution for the problem. Then the answers are connected to the middle of that system. 

2) In the acoustic version the system sends the oscillation into the operator's headlaces. Then that acoustic resonance system transmits data to those operators' ears. 

3) The piezo-electric crystals could transmit data to the operator's brain. And then the system can work highly secured. In those two last possibilities, the resonance guarantees that outsiders cannot hear those secrets. 

In some visions, Stonehenge is the world's first computer. This theorem seems very abstract and even ridiculous. But then we can start to look at the Stonehenge diagrams. The Altar Stone is in the North-South direction. And if we think that Stonehenge used natural electricity the position of the electric collector should be in the direction between the magnetic north and south poles. Not geological north and south poles. Then the information must drive to something that can store the wave movement. 

Then the crystals on the stones will receive that wave movement and then the druids or whoever operated that system could increase its power by giving mechanic, soundwave stimulation to those piezo-electric crystals. 

The idea is that the system is acting like a qubit. In some wilder thoughts, the druids connected their headaches with the crystal where the "program" stored in the form of the waves transmitting crystals in their brain. The idea is that the headaches transmit that data to those druid's or operators' brains. 

That explains the colors of the stones. Those colors allow the sorting and sharing of the data with each receiver group. This also guarantees that the operators cannot tell that operand to other people. Then the data travels between those druids. Finally, the system collects information in one package. That thing can happen by using a chorus where each circle will send the answer to the singer who represents a certain ring or color in that system. Then each singer tells the answer or their part of the answer in a series. 


Friday, November 10, 2023

Why was the 27,000-year-old Gunung Padang pyramid created? And who created that thing?

 Why was the 27,000-year-old Gunung Padang pyramid created? And who created that thing? 

Stonehenge (Illustration)

The term Cro-Magnon means Homo Sapiens that had no writing skill. Today this term is no longer in use as anthropological meanings. The Cro-Magnon is the common name for the oldest modern humans in Europe. But I use that term in this writing for meaning the early Homo Sapiens. 

The question in Gunung Padang-pyramid is, can this kind of project succeed without writing and mathematical skills? And the induction question is: what is the beginning of the civilization? When and who made the first cities? 

The oldest pyramid in Indonesia, called Gunung Padang makes Stonehenge and Great Pyramid look like new things. The age of the famous Stonehenge is about 3000 years. It was built about 2600-2400 B.C. The Great Pyramid was built in 2500 BC. So the Great Pyramid is about the same age as Stonehenge. 


"Simple reconstruction of Gunung Padang with all four units and their various burial levels. (Natawidjaja et al., Archaeological Prospection, 2023)" (ScienceAlert.com/Giant Pyramid Buried in Indonesia Could Be The Oldest in The World, Researchers Say)


Gunung Padang. (RaiyaniM/Wikimedia Commons/CC BY-SA 4.0)





"The megalithic stones seen on the surface of Gunung Padang. (Natawidjaja et al., Archaeological Prospection, 2023) (ScienceAlert.com/Giant Pyramid Buried in Indonesia Could Be The Oldest in The World, Researchers Say)


"Ancient skeletal remains from a 5,000-year-old mass burial site in Spain point to early warfare in Europe, occurring over 1,000 years before previously known large-scale conflicts. The study reveals high injury rates, with a disproportionately high percentage of males affected, suggesting an extended period of conflict, possibly several months. The reasons for the conflict remain uncertain, but potential causes include tensions between cultural groups during the Late Neolithic". (ScitechDaily.com/Revising History: Spanish Skeletons Point to a Forgotten European War 1,000 Years Earlier Than Thought)


Great Pyramid of Giza (Illustration)

But the Gunung Padang pyramid in Java island is older than those two famous landmarks. Maybe the Gunung Padang pyramid's creators exported that skill to Egyptians. But the question is always, why was the Gunung Padang pyramid created? Where its creators found the idea for that complex building. 

The age of that pyramid is about 20000 to 27000 years. The builders of that pyramid built it on the volcano. And we can say that maybe Cro-Magnon humans or early Homo Sapiens built that pyramid. The Cro-Magnons were at top of the human evolution just after the Neandertals. Cro-Magnon power time was 40000 years to 10000 years ago. And the construction of the pyramid happened when the first Homo Sapiens existed. 

The Indonesian pyramid is causing discussions about the birth of the culture. Who made the first cities? The first cities were not very impressive. They were stable villages near water. The Indonesian pyramid requires writing skills because complicated plans are impossible to accomplish if buyers cannot read. Writing skills mean the birth of a culture. And the culture is the thing that connects people. The culture is the thing that makes nations. 

But when the first stable buildings or pre-villages were created. Did Neanderthals have stable locations where they lived? The surprising thing is that Neanderthals were as intelligent as modern humans are. So they could have some kind of culture. But before the group can benefit from culture, they must have tools like writing skills. That they could transfer their traditions forward. 

The pyramid of Gunung Padang pyramid caused discussions where the people who made that pyramid sold that technology to Egyptians. If we think that pyramids mummify the body, there is the possibility that Gunung Padang could create that thing. In that model, anaerobic conditions with volcanic gasses could turn the body into a mummy. The fact is we know that Egyptians didn't create the idea of the pyramids. Somebody sold that thing to them. 

Another interesting question is who and why humans turn so violent. 5000-year-old mass burials in Spain tell about the ancient conflict. What drove people to that conflict, and is this thing the first war in human history? What caused that conflict? Why does that conflict turn and escalate through society? The first conflicts required society, that stand with the leaders. That old conflict from the pre-historic era tells us that wars are not new things. The question is what was the thing that defenders defended? Was that some kind of water source? 


https://www.sciencealert.com/giant-pyramid-buried-in-indonesia-could-be-the-oldest-in-the-world 


https://scitechdaily.com/20-year-study-reveals-neanderthals-were-as-intelligent-as-homo-sapiens/


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_European_modern_humans


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_evolution


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge


https://scitechdaily.com/20-year-study-reveals-neanderthals-were-as-intelligent-as-homo-sapiens/


Thursday, November 9, 2023

Project 8 measured the neutrino's mass.

    Project 8 measured the neutrino's mass. 


There are a couple of places, where neutrinos can used. However, the use of those particles requires full control of neutrinos. 

The ability to control neutrinos is also closer. The neutrino is the ultimate tool for the long-range quantum communication. However, making successful information transportation by using neutrinos requires that the system can catch neutrinos and then remove the information. 

Another way to use neutrinos is so-called neutrino photon rocket engines. Those systems accelerate neutrinos with photons. And those particles would give more thrust to the rocket. 


"Project 8 has innovatively used Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy to observe electron behavior in tritium decay, setting an upper limit for neutrino mass. This marks progress in a long-standing challenge in particle physics, with the potential to improve our understanding of the universe’s evolution." (ScitechDaily.com/Ghost Particle Unmasked: Project 8’s Neutrino Mass Breakthrough)


Project 8 measured the neutrino's mass. 


Now it's done. Neutrino's mass is measured. And that thing can bring the mystery of dark matter closer to unveil than ever before. The neutrino is a ghost particle that forms in nuclear reactions. The sun, nuclear reactors, particle accelerators, and some other things like supernovas form neutrinos. There are three types of neutrinos. Electron neutrino, Tau neutrino and muon neutrinos. 

The reason, why those light and weakly reacting particles are under intensive research is that they could give new information about the Universe. In some visions, the neutrinos are particles that are between visible material and dark matter. 

In the most exciting models, the neutrino is a particle that transformed from hypothetical WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles). So if that thing is true, neutrinos are the key to the world of dark matter. 

In some visions, the neutrino is the particle whose origin is in hypothetical WIMP. In that model the hypothetical WIMP turns to neutrino and after that to some other elementary particle. 

In that model, the route from the WIMP to the subatomic particle could be WIMP that transforms to tau neutrino, then to muon neutrino, and then to electron neutrino, and then gluon, quark, or electron. During that process that small and maybe quite high-energy particle delivers energy to its environment. Finally, when a neutrino's mass or energy level is low enough, that thing makes that neutrino a stable part of the atom. But that is only one version of the neutrino theorem. 

Because neutrinos have mass they have a quantum gravitational field. The neutrino's mass is also opening the door to the dark matter. When researchers test the form of dark matter. They are searching for objects that they know very well. Then they calculate the visible material's mass and conclude what the object should weigh. And then the rest of the weight is the dark matter weight. 

That calculation is impossible if researchers don't know every particle's mass. And neutrino's mass makes the material's model more complete. The neutrino is a particle that can easily travel through planets. But sometimes it hits water molecules. And that forms the blue light shockwave. That interaction tells that neutrino has mass. For making a complete analysis of the targeted system the analyzer requires complete information about the system and all its participants' behavior. 


https://scitechdaily.com/ghost-particle-unmasked-project-8s-neutrino-mass-breakthrough/


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_neutrino


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_neutrino


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle


Wednesday, November 8, 2023

Can the universe be conscious?

 Can the universe be conscious? 

Intelligent universe is a philosophical model about the purpose of the universe.


The universe's consciousness or Intelligent universe theory is one of the most interesting philosophical ideas in history. The idea of that theory or hypothesis or model, how we can say those very big things depends on the writer or talker. The intelligent universe could be a network of black holes that form and oscillate at the same frequency. That network acts like a quantum computer. 

But could that kind of system form spontaneously? That is an interesting question. Or could there be some kind of civilization that could create a network of black holes? In that model the Einstein-Rose bridges between those black holes transport information between those black holes. And that thing forms the universe-size quantum computer. 

The intelligent universe is a philosophical model that is created to answer the question, what is the universe's purpose? And that thing causes one induction thought. That thought is this: could this kind of network of black holes serve some kind of civilization like "creator civilization"? 

Could it form spontaneously, or could some civilization have the technology to create that kind of data processing and information exchange tool? The intelligent universe as well as simulated reality. Or simulated Universe are interesting things. 

But the weakness in the last one is the motivation. Who would create the ultimate simulation called the universe? And if we live in a simulation, why and by whom that simulation created? But we must keep our minds open. 



Can the universe be conscious? Can it be a giant quantum computer? 


That is a good question. In some theories, the black holes form qubits through the wormholes. And that thing can turn the entire universe into a giant quantum computer. Black holes are excellent qubits. And if two black holes with different masses oscillate with the same frequency. That allows them to form the quantum entanglement. In that system gravitational waves or Einstein-Rose bridge called "wormhole" transports information between those two black holes. 

The idea is that there could be a universe-size network of black holes. And then we must ask another question: can that giant network affect humans or even individual planets? The model of that black hole network consists of thousands of billions of different size black holes from the hyper massive galactic-size black holes to the tiniest quantum-size black holes. 

The requirement for that network's existence is that those black holes oscillate at the same frequency. The intelligent universe theory is fascinating. But the problem is that this kind of intelligent organism is enormous. And if the intelligent universe is real, we probably need an enormous power to create a message that reaches this creature's consciousness. 

And we still cannot reach that energy level. The idea of an intelligent universe is interesting, but the universe is so big that maybe, it can affect only galactic-size entireties. So Earth or single planetary systems are too small for that creature. But those theories are interesting thinking games. The purpose of life is an interesting question. And the purpose of the universe is an even more interesting question. 

Is the universe's purpose just being? Being for nothing without purpose is something very interesting. That is one of the biggest things in philosophy. Can something exist without purpose? And if the purpose of existence is just to serve something very big, we must remember that very big must have some work for us. 

And that thing requires the ability to communicate with us. And if the universe is intelligent, we are facing another interesting thing. We are smaller things than atoms in that hypothetical creature's body. That creature will not see us. And then again, can we believe that the universe exists only for us? If it is really intelligent who made it? 


https://bigthink.com/13-8/panpsychism-universe-purpose-philosopher-philip-goff/


https://www.euronews.com/next/2023/11/04/are-we-living-in-a-computer-simulation-this-physicist-says-his-study-supports-the-theory

ESAs Euclid telescope unveils dark matter mystery.

  ESAs Euclid telescope unveils dark matter mystery. 


Dark matter means the gravitational effect that dominates the universe. Dark matter is the source of the largest gravitational background in the universe. The reason why researchers think that behind that gravitational effect is material is that the gravitational effect is stable. And the observations tell us that dark matter behaves like visible material. There are places in the universe where there is no dark matter. 

There are also places where dark matter dominates. There is a possibility that dark matter is standing gravitational waves. And that thing makes it possible to explain why only gravitational interaction between dark matter and other material is possible. If there is somewhere static gravitational wave that forms the gravitational effect, called dark matter that thing is interesting. 


"The ESA’s Euclid mission has shared its first high-resolution, full-color images of the Universe, showcasing the ability to map the cosmos in unprecedented detail. These images highlight the telescope’s readiness to embark on creating a comprehensive 3D map of the Universe, focusing on understanding the role of dark matter and dark energy." (ScitechDaily.com/Unveiling the Universe: Euclid’s First Images Illuminate Dark Matter Mysteries)


But how long those standing gravitational waves can remain? The fact is that: gravitational effects are not forming from emptiness. There is always some source for gravitational waves. It's possible. That gravitational waves can form black holes.  

Dark matter is a mystery. The material that only interacts with visible material through gravitation is a remarkable thing. 84,5% of material is so-called dark, which will not reflect, scatter or any other ways cause measurable interaction with visible material is 15,6 percent of the universe's material. 

68,3% of the universe is dark energy. And the rest of it is dark and visible material. Because dark matter has gravitational interaction with visible material.l It's possible that dark matter can form at least black holes.

It's possible that:

1) Hot Dark matter is material whose energy level is too high. That means it can't react with visible material. The idea is that the hot dark matter has a different form than visible material. And maybe some kind of energy needle can make energy travel past that material. 

X)Visible material. In that model, the dark energy is energy that comes from the dark matter. 

2) Cold dark matter that could be 2D material. The spin of the flat material that could look like very small skyrmions could be so high that it throws all radiation past it. 

Or could dark matter be quantum-size primordial black holes? 

The main problem with this model is this: why that matter cannot cause scattering? Why the only interaction with dark matter is through gravitation? And in some models, the dark matter consists of quantum-size black holes that pull energy and material inside them. That means quantum-size primordial black holes can still form the universe. 

Could dark matter be virtual material? 

*And in some other visions dark matter could be "flat" particles. The particles can be like small, but quite stable skyrmions. Those quantum skyrmions can be ring-shaped gravitational waves. And if there is some kind of quantum low-pressure in that ring-shaped superstring. That thing makes it possible that the only possible interaction between dark and visible material is gravitation. In this model, dark matter would be a virtual material that can form gravitational interaction. But in that model, there are no dark matter worlds. 

But it's possible that lighter objects. Like "dark matter" planets and stellar mass dark matter clouds or gobs can exist. That thing causes interesting ideas that maybe there is an entire dark universe with planets, stars, galaxies, and even lifeforms. There is the possibility that visible material is the material's energy level that is between energy levels of cold and hot dark matter. 

In this model, the hot dark matter energy level is so high that it cannot interact with visible material. Cold dark matter has so a low energy level that it cannot cause a reaction in visible material. And the thing that forms dark matter are WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles). The interesting thing about WIMPs is this. Why those particles cannot interact? Or why their only interaction with visible material is gravitational? Maybe Euclid tells that thing to us. 


https://scitechdaily.com/unveiling-the-universe-euclids-first-images-illuminate-dark-matter-mysteries/


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Tuesday, November 7, 2023

Where energy that formed the Big Bang come from?

    Where energy that formed the Big Bang come from? 


Are parallel universes real? 


"Mind you, there are other possible meanings to the phrase “parallel worlds,” and this logic doesn’t apply in those cases. So, it is not possible, merely based on scientific data, to make a global statement on the matter. But ruling out one conjecture is a start. Stepping over the bodies of discarded theories is how science progresses". (BigThink.com/Are parallel universes real?)


Where energy that formed the Big Bang come from? 


We all know chaos theory. Or the model where a butterfly that flaps its wings forms a whirl that turns into a hurricane. The idea is that is this. The disorder cannot form from emptiness. There must be something that causes the disorder by affecting the system. 

When the system is highly organized. The whirl harvests energy from it. And then it's power increases. On distant planets and Earth, the energy for those whirls like Neptune's dark spot comes from the sun. The difference in energy levels causes the situation where those massive hurricanes can remain almost forever. 


But in the time before the universe formed the whir. That formed the Big Bang got its energy from impacting superstrings that were extremely thin wave movement. The quantum friction between those superstrings formed energy that turned the system to the condition called the Big Bang. 


The disorder formed the Big Bang from a very highly organized system. Then some energy effect, the so-called "cosmic butterfly" created a whirl, that formed the Big Bang. But we know that without energy is not disorder. Only energy that comes outside the system can affect it. 


Above) In this model the primordial black holes formed first. And they caused disorder that formed first stars just after the first primordial black holes formed from cosmic whirls. (Image: Pinterest) 


The question about the Big Bang is where that material and energy came from. In some theories before the Big Bang were superstrings or some kind of wave movement. And then there was some kind of gravitational lensing that pulled those superstrings or wave movement in on point. That thing caused the vacuum or "zero point" in that wave movement. Then that zero-point collapsed, causing the explosion called the Big Bang. When that information or primordial energy fell in the middle of that bubble its energy level rose. 

And then that thing caused energy hill that started to fall. That thing caused the wave that formed material and the universe. The simplest explanation for that gravitational lensing is energy that came from another universe. The information was in order before the Big Bang. And the disorder in the system formed a very high energy level. When the system is highly organized  

Chaos theory says that even minimum disorder causes an effect that turns extremely strong. The idea is that when a butterfly flaps its wings at a certain point it forms a whirl. The whirl will turn stronger until disorder breaks it. So, before the Big Bang. The system that formed the universe was a very highly organized wave movement. And then something caused the whirl that formed the Big Bang. We know that the energy that causes this disorder cannot come from emptiness. So what caused that disorder? Where were the cosmic butterflies that formed the universe? 


Neptune with its dark spot.



How big can the black hole grow? The fact is that in stable conditions and highly organized systems, there are no limits to that growth. 



The fact is that we don't know if that thing is real. Parallel universes could explain things like ghosts and dark energy. But there are many other explanations for those phenomena. The evidence about the parallel universe can also be explained using some other examples. So at this point, we must say that we cannot say are those other universes true, and then we must realize that even if those other universes were real they might be different than our universe.

Parallel universes mean those hypothetical parallel universes are at another energy level or a higher (or other) dimension than our universe. That means radiation that those other universes send radiation that has so different wavelength than material as we know it that we cannot see that radiation or wave movement. The requirement is that the other universe is born different time than our universe. In this hypothesis, the other universes have the same particles as in our universe. 

But we can think that there are other explanations for ghosts and dark energy. Ghosts could be flashbacks from the past. So they could be a psychological phenomenon. When we see somebody often in a certain place, our brain thinks that the person is still in that usual place.

Space telescopes have seen multiple black holes in the young universe. There is the possibility that dark matter formed those strange supermassive black holes. And maybe those primordial black holes can explain the dark energy. When those black holes formed materials were different. And now those black holes vaporize and send information that is different from than material and information in our universe. 

Then we can offer another theorem for the dark energy. In that theorem, dark energy is energy and information stored in the supermassive black holes in the young universe. In that theorem, the first things that formed in the young universe were black holes that formed in gravitational interaction in quark-gluon plasma or before the quark-gluon plasma formed. Those primordial black holes pulled information inside them. And now they release it in the form we call dark energy. 


https://bigthink.com/hard-science/parallel-universes-real-476960/


https://www.quantamagazine.org/jwst-spots-giant-black-holes-all-over-the-early-universe-20230814/


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_theory



Asteroids' heavy secret.

   Asteroids' heavy secret. 


Superheavy elements can exist on asteroids. Researchers calculated that the elements with around 164 protons and the same number of neutrons can be stable. If that kind of stable but extremely heavy element or isotope is possible to find, that thing could revolutionize space travel. Superheavy elements allow them to make small but powerful nuclear reactors. In some visions, those reactors are like balls. And then laser rays will make time dilation in them. 

The lasers will press that ball where there are some superheavy elements. But the problem is, how to make those systems create more energy than they use. That is not important on spacecraft where the purpose of those systems is to transport spacecraft between point A and point B. In spacecraft, the energy can stored in fuel, and production requires a lot of energy. But in commercial solutions that efficiency is urgent. 


"Scientists have been creating superheavy elements and believe elements with around 164 protons might be stable. Determining their density is crucial, with asteroids being potential reservoirs. Space missions are underway to analyze asteroid samples for these elements." (ScitechDaily.com/Scientists have been creating superheavy elements and believe elements with around 164 protons might be stable. Determining their density is crucial, with asteroids being potential reservoirs. Space missions are underway to analyze asteroid samples for these elements.)



"The heaviest element on the periodic table has 118 protons". (ScitechDaily.com/Scientists have been creating superheavy elements and believe elements with around 164 protons might be stable. Determining their density is crucial, with asteroids being potential reservoirs. Space missions are underway to analyze asteroid samples for these elements.)


Producing that kind of element by using particle accelerators is possible. But if researchers can find those superheavy elements on an asteroid, where solar wind acts like a particle accelerator that makes it possible to create those superheavy particles with lower costs. The thing where researchers need those superheavy elements is in a miniature nuclear reactor. 

The miniature nuclear reactors give the small-size shuttles and aircraft new abilities like the ability to patrol at the same time space and atmosphere. But the small nuclear reactors must have fuel. One version of those super powerful reactors can be the particle accelerator where the super heavy noble gas element 118 orbits. The element 118 named "Oganesson" has an extremely short period of decay. 

But by using extremely low temperatures along with time dilation where that element is stored in a particle accelerator could be possible to turn element 118 into fission fuel. That superheavy element's speed would be as fast as it can, and that thing causes time dilation that makes this element's existence so long, that it can be used in a fission reactor. The diagram where laser ray travels through asteroid could be the system that produces the superheavy elements. The idea is that the laser ray acts like a thermal pump that pulls plasma through the asteroid. 

And that process turns the ions and asteroid particles into that superheavy element that is not confirmed yet. In some visions, the laser ray that travels under the spacecraft's floor could also used to create artificial cravitation. The electromagnetic thermal pump pulls quantum fields to the floor and then aims them in a certain direction. And that effect forms the artificial gravitation also for the non-rotating spacecraft. 

https://scitechdaily.com/from-alchemists-to-astrophysicists-do-asteroids-hide-superheavy-secrets/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oganesson

Sunday, November 5, 2023

Rats might have imagination.

    Rats might have imagination. 


The animals that survived the asteroid impact that killed dinosaurs required abstract thinking to save energy in nuclear winter. 


When does the ability for abstract thinking begin to advance? Did some dinosaurs have that ability? And do other species have that useful skill, that they can simulate actions before they move their body? That ability saves energy. And makes life easier. The thing is that ability helps to find food in a fast-changing environment. The nuclear winter that followed the meteor impact that ended the Jurassic period was the deadliest challenge for animals. 

The tsunami and pressure effect with heat were destructive. But the worst things were coming. The meteorite that hit Yucatan raised silicone clouds to the atmosphere and caused burning in large forest areas.  Animals that can predict where they could find food and same time save energy could survive in that deadly frozen hell, where animals first face the deadly silicone cloud that fills their lungs.  Then they must learn where they can find food without digging "empty holes". The empty hole where there is no food causes energy loss. And that thing could kill those animals. 

"The Chicxulub impact, believed to have caused the mass extinction 66 million years ago, may have resulted in a 15°C global cooling, primarily due to micrometric silicate dust, according to a new study from the Royal Observatory of Belgium. This dust could have disrupted photosynthesis for almost two years, contributing to the extinction event". (ScitechDaily.com/Deadly Dust: What Really Killed the Dinosaurs After the Asteroid Impact)


The purpose of imagination or abstract thinking is to save energy. 


Other animal's imagination is not researched before. Imagination means the ability to make simulations in the mind. Another term for imagination is abstract thinking and the ability to connect memory particles to another, virtual form. The reason researchers can only now research other species' ability to abstract thinking is that. This research requires the most modern instruments that the system can model brain waves from deeper brain structures. 

Modern AI-based analyzation tools can decode the EEG that the modern sensors deliver. The problem with imagination and dream analysis is that those processes happen under the outer shell of the brain. But maybe modern nanotechnology makes it possible to analyze electric signals that travel in the inner brain structures. 

The reason why brain structures are called as name "brain core" is that each of those brain layers is an "independent structure". Brain waves travel vertically between the most out brain shell or most out brain core and the most in brain core. The signal reflection from the most out brain shell that makes the signal travel twice through the white brain structures brings those signals into awareness. But there are also horizontal brain waves that travel in each layer but they cannot reach consciousness. 


"Researchers have demonstrated that rats, through a novel brain-machine interface and virtual reality system, can activate hippocampal activity patterns to imagine and navigate to locations, similar to human imagination. This finding reveals animals’ ability to voluntarily control their thoughts and could advance the study of memory and the development of prosthetic devices". (ScitechDaily.com/Like Humans – Scientists Discover That Rats Have an Imagination)


The thing that brings some process into consciousness is interesting. Many observations never reach awareness. But things like imagination or "abstract thinking" reach the awareness. The question is: why those processes are not limited to nighttime? We can control our imagination. that is an important tool when we produce something. Imagination is the simulation that allows us to plan our work before we start physical work. And that saves energy. 

But the fact is, that we always thought that imagination and the ability to abstract thinking is limited only for humans. The thing that the rats can have imagination too makes them same way very interesting animals. The imagination helps rats to survive in the modern changing world and adapt to the new environment. And we know that this thing doesn't make rats more handsome neighbors than they are. 

AI and other things like genetic analysis might open the new world to the animal's behavior. The interesting question is when that ability to abstract thinking started to advance? Maybe some dinosaurs could preplan their actions. And the things like the burial site of Homo naledi, one of the great apes in the human family tree tell that abstract thinking and culture started to advance a long time before Homo sapiens. 



Homo sapiens didn't make the oldest burial site in the world. The species behind that was Homo naledi. One of the great apes. 


The rat's imagination causes another thought. How many species have imagination? Imagination is the thing that is required for technology and civilization. The oldest known burial site tells that the human ancestors had imagination. The burial site tells that this human ancestor had some kind of ceremony that is one of the most interesting things in history. The ceremony can explain why that Homo naledi created the burial site. Ceremonies are not uncommon things in nature. 

But the burial ceremony could mean that those great apes had some kind of spiritual context in their life. The spiritual burial rituals made the group stronger. Artifacts like fireplaces and old burial sites cause the question, of when civilization or humans started to rise. 

And the same way we can say that other animals like birds can have the ability to think abstractions and plan their hunting. And did some dinosaurs also have an ability to abstract thinking? Abstract thinking doesn't mean that creatures can solve mathematical algorithms. But it can preplan its actions without moving the body. That ability is useful for all animals, as they can search for food and escape at the right time. 


https://www.sciencealert.com/the-oldest-known-burial-site-in-the-world-wasnt-made-by-our-species


https://scitechdaily.com/deadly-dust-what-really-killed-the-dinosaurs-after-the-asteroid-impact/


https://scitechdaily.com/like-humans-scientists-discover-that-rats-have-an-imagination/


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_history


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_evolution

Thursday, November 2, 2023

How the hole in the Earth's gravity field can help to make a gravitational model?

  How the hole in the Earth's gravity field can help to make a gravitational model?


There is the possibility that Zealandia the sunk landmass is the reason, why there is a weaker gravitational point in Earth's gravitational field above the Indian Ocean. If we think that Zealandia denies the quantum field's travel to Earth's core that thing can deny why that weaker gravitational field exists. In this text, the quantum field is the common name for four fundamental interactions. 

In this model, gravitation is the phenomenon where the gravitational center forms an electromagnetic tornado around its rotational axle. Then that tornado pulls electromagnetic fields into the gravitational center. And because that tornado causes electromagnetic vacuum or low pressure in the gravitational center that causes an effect where quantum fields travel in the center of the gravitational core. 


"The sea level dips by over 328 feet (100 meters) in a "gravity hole" first discovered in 1948. Today, scientists hypothesize that the hole in the Indian Ocean was shaped by plumes of magma coming from deep inside the planet, according to a new study." (ScitechDaily.com/There is a ‘gravity hole’ in the Indian Ocean, and scientists now think they know why)



The GUT (Grand Unified Theory) says that all fundamental forces are the same force. The idea is that all four fundamental forces or interactions are wave movements. But the wavelength of those four fundamental interactions is different. The gravitational theory goes like this. The quantum fields travel to the gravitational center and then reflect to the gravitational poles. So the quantum fields that travel to the gravitational center reflect from the middle of that gravitational center. 

So gravitational waves would be reflections in that electromagnetic field when they hit that quantum tornado that drives quantum fields to the rotating axle. The gravitation is the quantum field that pulls all other particles to the gravitational core. In that case, Zealandia isolates quantum fields from the gravitational core. And that thing makes the electromagnetic pulling effect known as gravitation weaker at that point. The idea is that the gravitation is like water that travels to the hole. And Zealandia is the shield that denies the flow at that point. 

And gravitational waves are wave movements that travel ahead of photons. The gravitational field pulls photons behind it. That causes sometimes an effect where a photon protects that wave movement. And gravitational field affects photon but not gravitational wave that travels faster than photon. There is a small energy wave behind the gravitational wave, and that thing makes the gravitational wave act like a gravitational field. 


https://www.businessinsider.com/scientists-crack-mystery-of-huge-gravity-hole-in-the-indian-ocean-2023-6?r=US&IR=T


https://edition.cnn.com/2023/07/24/world/gravity-hole-geoid-low-indian-ocean-scn/index.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Unified_Theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zealandia

The strange blobs in the Earth's mantle are remnants of ancient dwarf planets that impacted young Earth.

   The strange blobs in the Earth's mantle are remnants of ancient dwarf planets that impacted young Earth. 

  

"The large low velocity provinces (LLVPs) in the deep Earth mantle may be relics of Theian mantle materials. Credit:  Hongping Deng and Hangzhou Sphere Studio" (ScitechDaily.com/Earth’s Hidden Guests: Strange Blobs in Deep Mantle Are the Remains of an Ancient Planet)


The ancient planet called Thea impacted Earth causing the birth of the Moon. The thing that makes Theia different than asteroids like Ceres is that it is a rocky planet. There is a possibility that Theia was a planet or planet's core that some cosmic impact sent to Earth's orbit. And then the collision formed the Moon. 

That ancient planet formed blobs in Earth's mantle. The mysterious gravitational hole in Earth's gravitational field can also have a possible connection with those blobs. The question is did the moon form the opposite side from that impact? 

Or did it form from the bubble that this impact arose on the same side of the dwarf planet impact? The impact was far more highly energetic than the impact that killed dinosaurs. The reason why Earth exists is that it is in liquid form. If Theia hits modern Earth, that turns Earth into an asteroid cloud. 


"Fomalhaut b as observed from 2004 to 2014. Previously thought to be an exoplanet, it is now known to be an expanding dust cloud." (Wikipedia, Formalhault b)


"Visualisation of Fomalhaut and Fomalhaut b (artist's impression)" (Wikipedia/Formalhaut b)

The cosmic impact or small black hole can be the fate of the exoplanet Formalhaut b. Dust cloud eliminates black hole because black hole would pull dust inside it. That means the fate of Formalhaut b is the cosmic impact with another planet. But the small black hole could rip the planet into dust. And the thing in the Formalhault b case is that there was no straight image of the collision. The problem is that there seem to be no  X- or gamma-rays near Formalhaut. And that makes this vanished exoplanet interesting. In some visions, the free gravitational waves that are lensed and form focus in space can rip even planets in the pieces. 

This kind of impact happens quite often in other solar systems. Astronomers believe that an exoplanet called Formalhaut b was the victim of that kind of impact. That exoplanet is directly confirmed. And then it vanished. Maybe some cosmic impact or a small black hole is the fate of that exoplanet. 

The Formalhaut b is an interesting case because Formalhaut is quite stable but a young star. The age of that star is about 4,4 million ( (4.4±0.4)×10^8) years. And the age of the Sun is 4,6*10^9 years. The Formalhault system is full of debris, meteorites, dust, and ice. And the collisions are quite usual in that kind of young solar system. 


https://scitechdaily.com/earths-hidden-guests-strange-blobs-in-deep-mantle-are-the-remains-of-an-ancient-planet/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fomalhaut_b


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theia_(planet)


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun


Christmas is here.

Christmas is here. Now it is Christmas night. The night should be the celebration of mercy. But sometimes that thing causes trauma. Christma...