The rogue waves are one of the most interesting phenomena in the oceans.

 The rogue waves are one of the most interesting phenomena in the oceans. 

Rogue waves are unpredicted very high waves. Those waves look like Tsunamis that are forming in undersea earthquakes. Tsunami rises when waves reach the shoal and the water must rise over it. That means tsunamis are dangerous only on shores and shoals. 

The rogue wave doesn't seem to have a connection with volcanoes or underwater earthquakes. And most of those waves are seen outside the shoals. That means the rogue waves can be very surprising. 

In some models, rogue waves form when the water pulse that travels near the bottom of the sea suddenly impacts some kind of underwater hill or mountain. If the high-speed water layer impacts underwater hills, that rises water to the surface. And that thing can form a giant wave, that seems coming from nowhere. When a high-speed water pulse travels underwater water pressure will not let those water molecules release their energy to up. 

"Scientists have employed artificial intelligence to analyze over a billion waves spanning 700 years, leading to a groundbreaking formula for predicting rogue waves. This study, which transforms vast ocean data into an equation for rogue wave probability, challenges previous theories and offers significant implications for maritime safety. The research’s accessibility and AI’s role in enhancing human understanding mark a significant advancement in the field. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitchDaily.com/Navigating Maritime Monsters: AI Formula Cracks the Code of Rogue Waves)

The thing that forms the horizontally moving water pulse can be some kind of underwater volcano eruption, that happens a long way from the point, where monster waves are visible. In some other versions, the deep sea whirl collapses. This thing forms the standing wave, and then that effect forms the giant waves. There is the possibility that giant waves form when a large mass of methane is released from the bottom of the sea. 

That giant bubble will push lots of water away. And then water falls back to the bottom causing a giant wave. In Wikipedia are many more possibilities that can form those monster waves, which are unpredicted and destructive phenomena. In some stories, there is an ultra-high water statue at the point, where giant waves are seen first time. But that story is not confirmed. 

In some theories, the cryovolcanoes on distant moons and rogue waves have similar origins. 

There are many theories about the form of the rogue waves. In one version the whirl in Earth's magma forms a magnetic whirl. Then that whirl makes water molecules rotate and that thing forms a whirl, that collapses sooner or later. That collapsing whirl causes reflection where water molecules jump back. And that can be one version of rogue waves. 

And then. That channel causes a similar effect as some cryovolcanos. Water jumps out of that point. Then the filling pothole forms a quake that forms a giant wave. Maybe, there is no only one reason, why those surprising monstrous waves can form. There can be multiple reasons why clear water above deep-sea suddenly comes with giant waves that can destroy even modern ships.                    

In the wildest models, the wormholes or some kind of magnetic pikes push the water molecules up. There is a theory that things like antimaterial annihilation can be behind those waves. In that model, some kind of underwater static electric impulse or underwater lightning can form antimatter when an electron hits things like a proton. That can form a couple of anti-electrons. And then that thing can cause detonation. 

https://scitechdaily.com/navigating-maritime-monsters-ai-formula-cracks-the-code-of-rogue-waves/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogue_wave

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryovolcano

Only 1% less sleep increases senior brain risk of dementia.

    Only 1% less sleep increases senior brain risk of dementia. 

The thing that makes this study interesting is that it can uncover Alzheimer's mechanisms. There is a possibility that dementia is a metabolic disease. When a person gets less sleep neurons cannot recover themselves.

Traffic noise and waking up too long act like some kind of nerve gas. Neurons can't remove their adjustment during the night. And that thing makes it possible for neurons to get tired. That means neurons have no time to load new fresh neurotransmitters during sleep. And that thing causes overactivity in neurons. 

The neuron doesn't have time to remove its metabolic productions. This can be one reason for the deadly plague that is visible in Alzheimer patient's brains. That plaque isolates neurons from each other. There could be many things that can cause Alzheimer's. And one of them is that metabolic waste starts to fill the cell.

There is a possibility that those metabolic produces deny the neuron's axons' actions. This is one thing that explains why the cleaner cells don't remove plaque between neurons. And sooner or later the plaque isolates the neuron. Then the neuron cannot get nutrients and it dies. That starts death in other neurons. 

This can be one version of dementia's last period. The plaque plays a vital role in Alzheimer's disease. Plaque itself may cover neurons or their support cells closing the ion pumps and causing death. 

The plaque itself causes changes in the needed quantity of neurotransmitters. The neuron must send more neurotransmitters through plaque. And that causes the mental overreaction that we see as anger. This is one version of the Alzheimer's. 

https://scitechdaily.com/aging-brains-beware-just-1-less-deep-sleep-could-significantly-increase-seniors-risk-of-dementia/

The problem with exomoons. They are hard to detect.

 The problem with exomoons. They are hard to detect. 

Knowing that exomoons exist and confirming that are two different things. Exomoons are moons and dwarf planets orbiting exoplanets in distant solar systems. And when we make models about those distant solar systems, we use our solar system as the model. Most of the planets in our solar system have moons. So that means moons should be a very common thing in other solar systems. 

The exception is gas giants that are very close to their star. Their moons will fall into the star or vaporize because of intensive heat. But in some visions, the gas giant can have a moon similar to Earth. And that kind of moon could be an excellent place for intelligent lifeforms. 

The problem with exoplanets is that they are hard to find. And their moons are far more difficult to find. The exoplanet itself must change its trajectory. Or there must be some kind of changes in reflection. The exomoon must be so massive, that it can cause changes in the exoplanet's trajectory. Or the reflection from the exoplanet must be stable enough, that those things can help to find exomoons. Confirming its existence requires complete knowledge about the brightness of the planet. And how a star's brightness changes during an overpass. 

"Astronomers have detected a second exomoon candidate (depicted in blue) orbiting a giant exoplanet (right) more than 5,000 light-years from Earth. (Helena Valenzuela Widerström/ https://edition.cnn.com/2022/01/13/world/exomoon-second-candidate-scn/index.html)

That means those measurements can used by benefiting the star itself or the exoplanet's reflection. When that hypothetical moon and exoplanet are in a position where both cover the planet and its star, that causes changes in the star's brightness. That means the star goes dimmer than usual. But that requires that space telescopes make intensive measurements. 

And if we want to search Earth-type planets that can host lifeforms the work is very hard. Even if the planet makes an overpass in a G-2-type yellow star, that overpass is hard to detect. Detecting Earth-size planets is very hard when the star is bright. The brightness of the star covers its planetary system. And the distance to the star is long if that planet has liquid water. That means that if the planet's trajectory is oblique, that denies the overpass. And the planet is not possible to detect. 

Sunspots or starspots can cause differences in other star's brightness. And that thing means that the false alarm of exoplanets can caused by those sunspots or starspots. Also, other stars have sunspots, and those sunspots can believed as exoplanets.  

Seeing those moons is difficult. If we use again our solar system as a model, most moons are small irregular-shaped objects. And that means we still find new moons in our solar system. When we talk about exomoons, we should divide those moons into two categories. 

1) Large and regular-shaped moons that affect their planets by gravity and tidal forces. Those moons are like Earth's moon or Titan's moon of Saturn. The problem is that, if the moon orbits a gas giant it is hard to detect especially if the gas giant is hotter than its moon. In that case, the infrared radiation from the hot gas giant or brown dwarf can cover the planet under it. 

2) Small and irregular-shaped moons that do not affect their planet, except if those small, possibly potato-looking objects fall to the planet. Those small objects cannot form tidal waves. And that means they are meaningless. 

The most well-known "potato moons" are Mars' moons Phobos and Deimos. Those moons have no big tidal wave effect on Mars. 

But irregular moons also act as shepherds in Saturn and other gas giants' ring systems. That means other planets with surrounding ring structures should have shepherd-moons in the distant solar systems. 

So the problem is this. If the planet is a gas giant even a massive moon will not give a strong enough gravitational effect, that researchers can recognize it. The exoplanet that has moons should be quite distant from its star. That makes it difficult to see its moons. 

Because the star itself is very weak if the planet does not travel just between Earth and the star, it doesn't cause differences in the star's brightness. Most exoplanets are found near red dwarfs. Red dwarfs are dim stars and exoplanet that makes overpass or travels between Earth and that star causes changes in its brightness. 

And that means the exoplanet with moons is a very cold and dark place. A brighter star's brightness covers those exoplanets below their shine. And that means it's hard to measure changes in a star's brightness when the planet overpasses it. Without that overpassing exoplanets are hard to detect, because they don't cause changes in the star's brightness. 

https://edition.cnn.com/2022/01/13/world/exomoon-second-candidate-scn/index.html

https://www.mps.mpg.de/giant-doubts-about-giant-exomoons

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_classification

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunspot

Gravitation without quantum part II

   Gravitation without quantum part II

I write about black holes in this text because the gravitational effect of the black hole is so extreme. Similar effects but in weaker form surround all gravitational centers. 

We can think of a gravitational effect as a thing that depends on the spinning speed of the object. We can use black holes as an example. When black holes spin, they form a similar-looking structure as a top. Spinning object interaction with quantum fields looks like the situation where we spin a stick in the dough. 

That spinning object makes the whirl-looking structure around it. Then the poles of that spinning object pull particles to its poles. There leaves the energy stick called a relativistic jet. So if antigravity exists it exists only at the point of the relativistic jet.  And that means antigravity could exist but its area is very small if we want to compare it with pulling gravitational effect. 

In the case. That the black hole has no singularity. That means it's a so-called vacuum hole. There is a standing wave in the middle of the vacuum. And that radiation acts like a laser. Quantum fields that come outside the black hole's event horizon increase that standing wave's energy level. And that thing forms relativistic jets that transport energy out from the vacuum. 

Anyway does the black hole have singularity or not the interaction between that beam that travels in the event horizon similar? In the case that singularity exists the beam comes out from its poles. The thing that feeds that thing and keeps the singularity rotating or maintains the standing wave is energy that comes outside the black hole. The relativistic jet transports energy out from the black hole. There is a very low energy or cold area inside a black hole. And that cold area pulls other quantum fields inside it. 

The reason why we cannot see black holes is that. This diagonal of an event horizon's space transports all information to the black hole's poles which are its rotational axle. 

So the gravitational effect is like water. When the quantum field falls into the black hole, the central structure transports it in one direction. Or two directions. If black holes as poles. That structure pierces the black hole's gravitational field inside the event horizon. When wave movement hits that diagonal structure it increases its power. This phenomenon looks like a laser. 

A relativistic jet is a key element in a black hole's extreme gravitation. That monstrous energy beam acts like a heat pump. That jet transports energy out from the area inside the event horizon. This jet makes the black hole a "cold point". We cannot see a black hole, because the relativistic jet transports energy. wave movement, and information. To the point, where the relativistic jet goes out from the black hole. That means there is no straight reflection back to the observer. 

Cosmic fission tells about information about heavy elements.

 Cosmic fission tells about information about heavy elements. 

Cosmic fission or natural fission in the cosmos tells about heavy elements near other stars. When heavy elements like uranium and radium split, they send radioactive radiation, like alpha, beta, and gamma particles. Alpha particles are positive helium ions. 

Beta particles are fast electrons. And gamma-particle is electromagnetic radiation. Gamma rays are high-energy radiation that source in electron-positron annihilation and other high-energy reactions. 

Temperature and impacting electromagnetic radiation affect fission and critical mass. When temperature rises a critical mass decreases. Critical mass means the point of the radioactive material mass where the fission reaction turns self-sustaining. When radioactive material's mass rises higher than critical mass, that turns fission self sustain. 

"New research suggests cosmic fission may play a role in the formation of heavy elements. Analysis of old stars revealed a correlation between light metals and rare earth nuclei, indicating the production of superheavy nuclei beyond the known periodic table. This finding confirms theories of cosmic fission and suggests the existence of elements with an atomic mass of 260, expanding our understanding of the cosmos." (ScitechDaily.com/Astrophysical Breakthrough: “Incredibly Profound” Evidence of Nuclear Fission Across the Cosmos)

Are brown dwarfs so-called hyper-Jupiters? 

In this model, brown dwarfs have a solid nucleus. And that begins fusion too early. 

The large mass of radioactive material that collects gas shells can explain why brown dwarfs are failed stars. When the gas shell falls to that radioactive nucleus, it accelerates the fission inside the core. That radiation pushes fusion material outwards. And that denies the formation of stars. The fusion starts too early in brown dwarfs and blows the gas away. 

Fission stars are one of the most fascinating things in the universe. Those "stars" would be very large uranium bites. The object called Teide 1 is close to being that kind of star. Teide 1 is a so-called brown dwarf and it might have a solid radioactive nucleus with a fusion shell. When the fusion reaction pushes that strange object's gas shell outward. That expansion stops or slows fusion. 

And then the pressure and temperature raises, and then the fusion in that brown dwarf's shell starts to accelerate. But there may be uranium asteroids or even planets where there is so much uranium that natural nuclear fission that covers the entire planet is possible. Even on Earth is one natural nuclear reactor at Gabon. And that causes an idea that maybe there are planets where the same phenomenon exists but on a larger scale. 

And then...

The alien hunters seek nuclear fission for researching alien spacecraft and other technosignals. The fusion and antimatter rockets, as well as, ion rockets require lots of energy. The antimatter and fusion rockets require some other power source to start the engine. 

The powerful lasers that ignite fusion and particle accelerators that create antimatter require some powerful energy source. The fact is that the spacecraft's nuclear fusion is not necessarily self-sustaining. The fission reactor can maintain fusion even if it cannot turn self-sustaining. 

And in those crafts fission reactors can play a good role. Same way ion engines require an effective energy source. And fission reactor is one solution, that can give trusted energy. The fission reactor is not necessary for ion and antimatter engines. The particle accelerators that those systems require can use solar power. But solar power is far more limited than fission reactors. And this is why nuclear fission in space is an interesting thing. 

https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/meet-oklo-the-earths-two-billion-year-old-only-known-natural-nuclear-reactor

https://scitechdaily.com/astrophysical-breakthrough-incredibly-profound-evidence-of-nuclear-fission-across-the-cosmos/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_dwarf

The sonic boom is a weapon.

    The sonic boom is a weapon. 

The Soviet Union created many interesting aircraft designs. One of the interesting designs was the M-25 "Hell Reaper". The aircraft used a sonic boom as a weapon. The "Hell Reaper" didn't have any other weapons. Then the sonic boom. The idea was that low-flying supersonic aircraft could make sonic booms, that could destroy large areas. The reason why the "Hell Reaper" project closed was that there were no engines that could make that thing possible. 

In some visions, the MiG-21, MiG-25, and MiG-31 were planned to be used in the same role as Hell Reaper. Today MiG-31 is used to shoot hypersonic Kh-47M2 Kinzhal missiles. To reach hypersonic speed the missile requires the MiG 31 carrier-launcher. The MiG-31 accelerates to its top speed and then launches the hypersonic missile. 

Otherwise, Kinzhal cannot reach that hypersonic speed. The system is technically interesting, but it's more conventional and limited than expected. Radar is removed from those weapon carriers. And they must fly without any other armament than hypersonic missiles. The A-50 command platform controls the launch and the pilot must aim that missile very accurately, which makes it difficult to use. In the future, the A-100 AEW&C (Airborne Early Warning and Control) aircraft will replace the A-50 aircraft. The A-100 is planned to enter service in 2026. 

The thing that the Soviets overemphasis the speed of those aircraft at the expense of other features tells that speed has a big role in those systems. Also, their limited armament tells that they might use sonic pressure as their prime weapon. The idea could be that the interceptor accelerates to top speed, and then dives against the enemy. When speed remains in high supersonic at low altitudes, the aircraft and its missiles can make sonic pressure waves that have deadly effects. 

The remarkable thing is that the M-25 has a similar outlook as the Nazi-shuttle "Sibervogel" which was created under the control of the SS. The "Sibervogel" ever flew. But that system could be even more deadly than some jet fighters and Ho-229 "flying wing". The Sibervogel could used as "super V-1". But luckily for the world that project halted in 1945 when war ended. 

So was "Sibervogel" planned to act as "Hell Reaper"? Hypersonic technology brought the idea of using sonic booms as a weapon back on the table. The space shuttle that dives back into the atmosphere with hypersonic speed could cause a sonic pressure wall that pushes other aircraft back to the ground. The idea is that the hypersonic plane would fly against incoming aircraft and then the sonic boom hits those planes. Also, hypersonic missiles and other ammunition can make that sonic boom that can change the game. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beriev_A-50

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beriev_A-100

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_wing

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horten_Ho_229

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh-47M2_Kinzhal

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-25

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikoyan_MiG-31

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silbervogel

The story of the oldest pyramid in Indonesia got a new turnaround and controversy.

    The story of the oldest pyramid in Indonesia got a new turnaround and controversy. 

A long time before Egyptian sculptors made sphinx and pyramids nature made those places. For some reason those naturally formed, extraordinary-looking places turn holy. And then Sumerians and Egyptians started to make their pyramids. Those natural pyramids were holy places for people. 

I know there will be a lot of "maybes" in this text. Indonesian archeologists said, that the Gunung Padang Pyramid is the oldest in the world. And that thing caused controversy. "We all know that Djoser's pyramid or Pyramid of Djoser in Egypt is the oldest". Or rather saying Djoser's pyramid is the oldest existing pyramid. There were some pyramids in Mesopotamia, maybe before Egypt. 

South and Central American Indians built pyramids. But did Egyptians teach that skill to them?  And that thing can tell something about trade routes from the past. There are also suspected pyramids in Antarctica and Bosnia. 

Geologists believe that Bosnian pyramids least partially natural. And if the Antarctean pyramids are man-made, the Bosnian pyramids follow the same building method. However, the Antarctic pyramids are not confirmed to be man-made. The building method in those Bosnian cases was that builders found some suitable hills and then modified them to a pyramid form.

Were Bosnian pyramids some kind of fake Egypt for Roman noblemen? That thing would make it possible to create fake glory for those people, and then if they rise against the Emperor, that thing gives a good excuse for the arrest and execution of those competitors. 

Image above. Giza pyramids and Sphinx. Who made the first pyramids? Nobody knows. 

In some other theories, Romans made those pyramids. The idea is that the place was "mini Egypt" for emperors and wealthy Romans so that they could tell stories about the journeys. Bosnia was close enough to Rome that those people were under control. Military service was the duty of Romans, and that's why somebody wanted to pay, that they would not die in battles. 

So maybe, those pyramids were made to make stories about distant Egypt which was a very exotic place in ancient Rome. At that time there was no GPS and flight routes.

So maybe, the emperor used those fake stories to control his closest men. The fake story would be a good reason to arrest the emperor's competitors. And execute them.  Then we must think: did those people who used that hypothetical Mini Egypt know themselves that they would have some fake merits?

There is the possibility that Bosnian pyramids are naturally formed structures. But there is also the possibility that some people have modified those hills. If those hills are giant sculptures, made by humans that thing makes it impossible to determine their age. In some theories, ancient Bosnians visited Egypt. There they saw pyramids, and then they decided to make them bigger. Just by modifying a couple of hills, to look like pyramids. 

As well as, modern archeologists think that the Great Sphinx in Giza was created by natural erosion, and then sculptures made the head and paws for that thing.  Why did they choose that stone? Nobody knows. 

But if the Gunung Padang pyramids are man-made and as old as Indonesians claim that would be a sensation. And then there is great controversy. As we know many things cause discussions. And Indonesian 27000-14000 years old pyramid is the thing, marked as pseudoscience. Or at least, that article is marked by so-called nationalism archeology. That article caused criticism, and somebody said that it was not peer-reviewed, as it should be. 

If somebody says that Gunung Padang is 27000-14000 years old, that time scale is very long. So is Gunung Padang the oldest pyramid on Earth? That's a good question. The discussions about the oldest pyramid continue forever. Even if the Gunung Padang was built in 45 BC. That thing causes interesting thoughts about that pyramid's origin.  Even if, it's made in 45 BC. That thing makes it interesting. 

But as we know, all new things, said or written against public understanding cause discussions. And that discussion is a very important thing. When we learn something at school, the thing. What we learn is based on knowledge. That writers have at that moment. And then comes new information. Discussions of the pyramids continue. 

https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology/indonesian-pyramid-0019920

https://www.livescience.com/57009-antarctica-pyramid-mountain-explained.html

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/nature-sphinx-wind-landform-ancient-egypt

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnian_pyramid_claims

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid_of_Djoser

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphinx

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pyramid_(Antarctica)

New research links smoking to mental disorders.

  New research links smoking to mental disorders. 

Researchers have linked cigarettes with mental illness. But the question is does smoking itself cause mental problems? Or is smoking a cause of mental problems? 

Nicotine itself stimulates neurons. And if that stimulation continues for a long time. That can cause changes in neural functions. When nicotine stresses neurons in the pleasure center in the brain they send neurotransmitters. That thing causes nicotine addiction. 

Smoking and often nicotine dose causes those neurons to send neurotransmitters all the time. This thing causes non-normal stress in the brain. And if some brain area starts to operate abnormally way, that is not a good thing for brains. 

"A new study indicates a link between smoking and an increased risk of mental illness. Utilizing data from the UK Biobank, the research suggests smoking may contribute to depression and bipolar disorder, with genetic factors playing a significant role. The findings imply a potential impact of nicotine on mental health and raise considerations for policy changes in cigarette sales." (ScitechDaily.com/New Research Links Smoking to Greatly Increased Risk of Mental Illness)

Hectic jobs with high salaries, where there is minimum training, high stress levels, and things like amphetamine and cocaine can have a connection. If the person who works as a salesman doesn't make a profit that means failure. 

Failures are not accepted in those jobs. In some companies, there is a competition motivator for salesman work. How good a salesman person measured by the money or profit that salesman brings to the company. If a salesman doesn't bring money, that means failure. 

The worst salesman will divorced after a certain period.  And there are lots of people who want to get high-paying jobs with comprehensive school education. That causes the person to be afraid of failure and make too long working days. That causes stress. 

Stress causes mental problems. And sometimes, that drives a person into alcohol and drug addiction. 

When a person can earn millions of dollars in minutes, and they don't require any education sometimes causes a need to test things like amphetamine. 

Maybe nicotine itself is not a very bad thing, but if a person uses lots of alcohol and some other drugs like amphetamine or cocaine at the same time, that can boost nicotine's effect on brain functions. 

But if we think that smoking is the result of mental problems we must understand one thing. Mental problems cause drinking and other intoxicant problems. And in those societies where people drink alcohol and use drugs cigarette smoking is a very usual behavior. 

Anyway, we must understand that if a person starts smoking at an adult age, that tells something about problems in private life. That thing can be high-stress levels and things like misuse of some medicals or other drugs. Stress is also connected with the use of alcohol and drugs.  If a person uses amphetamine to cope at work, that thing brings smoking into their life. 

https://scitechdaily.com/new-research-links-smoking-to-greatly-increased-risk-of-mental-illness/