The 21-gram theory by Dr. Duncan Macdougall

In 1901 Dr. Duncan MacDougall attempted to show that the human soul has a mass. Dr. MacDougall measured many patients before and after their death he got the idea that there was a simultaneous loss of 21 grams of the weight in every single body after they were dead. Skeptics thought that things like the size of tumors caused that small loss of the mass. And the 21-gram theory is justified as pseudoscience. 

The theory remained (at least almost) pseudoscience. Until some neurologists noticed that during death the neurons are activated before and after the moment of death. 

Especially the activating of neurons after the moment of death can cause that weight loss. That thing requires energy. And maybe just 21 grams of some nutrients or sugars are turning into energy. 

Why do neurons increase their activity, especially after death? Some sources are mentioned. That in brain activity has two pikes just before and after the moment of death. 

Just after the death neurons reactivate and that thing causes thoughts that "is somebody or something checking that everything was just fine"? this is one of the creepy things that come to mind. When we are looking at the results of modern neurology and old theories. 

That strange two-stage activation of the neurons could explain that mystery. There is the possibility that some neurotransmitters are destroyed during that process or some chemical reactions are transforming nutrients like pyruvic acid into energy. 

The thing is that what happens during death is not researched yet. The precise moment of death is not documented very often by using EEG and MEG scanners. Those scanners are uncovering the new things about that process which is the end of a person's life. 

Many things happen during death that has never been noticed yet. And the key question is why neurons reactivate after death? There is some genetic trigger that causes this thing. But what is the purpose of that strange thing that is happening during death?

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/what-happens-die-brain-activity-life-heart-beating-death-after-eeg-study-research-a7620131.html

https://qpsneuro.com/researchers-discover-some-brain-cells-increase-activity-after-death/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/21_grams_experiment

A couple of things about the western aid to Ukraine

M-777 Howitzer. (Wikipedia) 

Ukraine got military aid from the western alliance. And one of the key elements in that aid is the GPS homing grenades. Those very highly advanced grenades can adjust to detonate at a certain altitude and they are the most effective precise guide ammunition that artillery has ever used. 

The GPS must just have the information of the location of the target and the new systems can update that position very rapidly. So the modern GPS-guided grenade can also hit moving targets. The GPS systems that are connected to Javelin and other modern antitank weapons allow to shoot off those missiles over buildings and hills and the shooter can remain unseen. 

The GPS will guide the missile at the beginning of the trajectory. And then the optical seeker will start to search for targets. The fact is that the NATO or the controller of the GPS systems can observe every single GPS-guided weapon that is used in Ukraine. That means NATO can control where Ukraine uses those weapons. 

The microchips that are used in those GPS-guided grenades must resist a very powerful acceleration. The extremely powerful acceleration causes problems with the microchips. And that means the structure of the microchips must be very strong. Or they will crack. 

The problem with the imported microchips is that their molecular structure is well-known. There is the possibility that acoustic weapons will target those microchips. In that case, the resonance will crack those microchips. 

The weakness of the Ukrainian defense is that it cannot attack the Russian territory. The Russian side can make troop transportations and move the equipment from the Russian territory. So the Ukrainians cannot strike the airfields that are deep inside Russian territory. And the second thing is that Ukrainians cannot destroy factories where the Russians make their equipment. 

The Russian side can attack to entire Ukraine by using missiles and strategic bombers. The Russian artillery (maybe) was used with more dummy or traditional ammunition. And they probably save the laser-guided grenades for the high-priority targets. The problem with the Russian military is the lack of microchips that are used in smart weapons. 

One problem with the microchips that are bought from outer lands is that the materials are in the opponent's knowledge. That means the opponent can point acoustic weapons to those microchips. And that causes the cracks in those microchips. 

https://networkedinternet.blogspot.com/

Biocomputers

When we are looking microbe above this text we might almost see the microchip on that microbe. The microchip will send the commands to the microbe. And then the system can turn to use neurotransmitters for connecting those cells. The idea is to make a cell-based quantum computer that uses chemical qubits. 

Another name for quantum computers that use chemical qubits and forms of living neurons is brains. The human brains use 25W electricity per day. Maybe artificial brains or biological microprocessors are not as powerful as human brains. But they can control things like drones and man-size robots and make them more independent than ever before. 

The microbe called choanoflagellate was the first of the organisms that started to form the nervous system of the ancient animals. The choanoflagellate could be acting as the body of the new type of half-organic microchips. The idea is that the microprocessor that controls the organic part of these microchips will be put on the choanoflagellate. 

And then that organism starts to communicate by using neural proteins. The idea is that the microchip-controlled neural network could be acting as the half organic biocomputer. That kind of biocomputer can be a very effective and powerful system. Biological computers are things that bases is on the living neurons or pre-neural organisms that can communicate by using neurotransmitters. 

The microchip is the tool that gives a mission to the neurons would give electric stress to living neurons. Then those neurons would start to operate with that problem. That kind of system can be slower than real quantum computers. But that system requires less power than inorganic quantum computers. And the living neurons can use to control robots like drones. 

The problem with those biocomputers is that they must not be too independent. The operator must have the ability to control those vehicles. But living neural structure that controls robots. Need the same food as other neurons. So the robot that uses the biological computer must eat the same food that we are eating. The biocomputers must not be complicated. And only a couple of neurons can control things like drones. 

Those neurons that the system needs, can be taken from the bugs. But the problem is how to decode their EEG so that those neurons can deliver control signals to the drones. The half-organic microchips are very powerful tools. The problem is that those microchips can be acting somehow surprisingly. One requirement for safe robotics is that controllers know precisely what robots are doing. 

Image:) https://www.quantamagazine.org/brain-signal-proteins-evolved-before-animals-did-20220603/

Brain-signal proteins formed before animals did.

"This microbe, called a choanoflagellate, is one of the single-celled organisms most closely related to the animal kingdom. New work shows that its ancestors made proteins that were later repurposed by the nervous systems of the first animals". (Quanta magazine/Brain-Signal Proteins Evolved Before Animals Did)

The origin of brain signal molecules or neurotransmitters is long before the first cells. That means brains didn't "invent" those molecules that are playing a vital role in human and animal brains. The question is how neurons "learned" to use those molecules? 

Things like bacteria could use similar neurotransmitters in communication. But nobody ever found an intelligent bacteria mass. The fact is that there is the possibility that bacteria can form similar structures to brains. 

It's theoretically possible, that neurons can hybridize with bacteria and from intelligent structures. In that case, nothing limits the size of those neural structures. And the communication between those things and computers could happen through the brain-computer interface systems. That kind of neural structure can also take other species under their control. But the thing is that we don't know any of that kind of organism. 

The synapse bladder is one of the most important things in neural structures. That thing keeps neurons separated from each other. 

When we are thinking about evolution there must be something that gives species benefits from this kind of chemicals. And then the neurons must connect the production order of those chemicals in their genomes. The human brain would be far faster if those neurons would connect straight without the synapses bladder. 

And the purpose of the synapse bladder is to protect the neural structure against the virus infection. Because all neurons are separated the virus cannot infect all neurons straight. The thing is that synapses bladder and neurotransmitters are making brains a little bit slower than they could be. 

The same structure that protects brains against viruses makes them vulnerable to botulinum and other neurotoxins. Neurotoxins like botulinum are affecting the enzymes that are destroying neurotransmitters. 

So that thing causes the neuron cannot destroy the neurotransmitters. And that thing causes the symptoms like spasms. When the neuron will start to send the same signals again and again through the neural structure. 

If the brains would use electricity in communication, they would be more effective or faster. And that structure protects them against neurotoxins that are basing organophosphates. The other neurotoxins are just mixing the signals that are traveling in the neural structure. 

In the case, that something wants to connect neurons the system should use nanotechnical carbon structures that can connect synapses precisely without cross or duplicated connections. And that denies mixing the signal in the synapse bladder. The thing that makes things like mercury neural poison is that the droplets of that metal will get between synapsis. And that will make it impossible to separate neural signals that are traveling between the neurons. 

If those channels are not connected precisely, that makes an error in data transmission. The thing that makes human brains a little bit slow is when the signal will travel between neurons. They must pack it in the neurotransmitter before it can travel through the synapses bladder. 

Maybe that kind of thought that the power of the human brain can boost by using nanotechnology is possible in the future. In that model, the carbon wires will connect neurons precisely from the end of the synapsis. And that thing makes the neurotransmitters unnecessary. 

https://www.quantamagazine.org/brain-signal-proteins-evolved-before-animals-did-20220603/

Image:) https://www.quantamagazine.org/brain-signal-proteins-evolved-before-animals-did-20220603/

Could the myth of vampires be somehow real?

Cancer cells act like small vampires when they steal mitochondria from the immune cells. When tiny tentacles or nanotubes are sucking mitochondria out from the immune cells those cancer cells can connect those mitochondria to themselves. 

The myth of vampires is claimed as a hoax. The new findings in the behavior of cancer cells. And, especially their ability to steal mitochondria from the wealthy immune cells. And the cases when old mice are injected by using the blood of young mice. 

That turned old mice younger has caused the thought that the vampire myth requires a closer look. We can say that cancer cells are like little vampires that are using tiny tentacles to steal mitochondria from wealthy immune cells. 

But then researchers found that the blood of young mice made elder mice younger. That thing caused an idea that somebody will start to think about, what kind of creature the vampire would be. We know that the serial killer Erzebeth Bathory took blood baths to remain young forever. Young blood can take affect cells in two ways. 

"Left: Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) image shows the formation of a nanotube between a breast cancer cell and an immune cell. Right: Confocal microscopy image shows mitochondria (labeled with green fluorescence dye) traveling from a T cell to a cancer cell through the intercellular nanotube. DNA in the mitochondria was labeled with blue dye. Credit: Nature Nanotechnology DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-01000-4" (ScitechDaily/Cancer Cells Use “Tiny Tentacles” To Suck Mitochondria Out of Immune Cells)

The first way is the cell can renew the main genome of the cell. The main genome of the cell is in its nucleus.  And the second point is the mitochondria. 

Mitochondria are the power units of the cells. And those power units have their internal DNA molecules that are not connected with the main genome of the cells. When a cell starts to split it will send the chemical mark to mitochondria that they are starting their mitosis. 

If the cells are transferring fresh mitochondria that would cause the creature must avoid UV radiation. The UV radiation will damage the DNA. And then the creature will get burning injuries. There is one thing that is also interesting and that is connected with the cancer cells. 

Cancer cells can steal mitochondria from other cells and connect them with their power system. So, cancer cells are stealing the "force of life" from other cells by using small nanotubes. And in the book Dracula, the hand of the vampire is described as hairy. So could the be the possibility that some creature could steal mitochondria from other animals or even humans. 

The thing of how a vampire could transform a human into a vampire would be easy to explain. The vampire could transfer the virus into the body of the victim. And that virus transforms the victim of the bite into a vampire. But could that creature exist? The fact is that there could be something that some people don't want others to know. 

https://www.businessinsider.com/scientists-make-old-mice-young-again-2013-12?r=US&IR=T

https://www.newsweek.com/scientists-gave-old-mice-blood-young-it-made-them-live-longer-look-younger-1443788#:~:text=Scientists%20who%20dosed%20old%20mice%20with%20an%20enzyme,the%20study%20published%20in%20the%20journal%20Cell%20Metabolism.

https://scitechdaily.com/cancer-cells-use-tiny-tentacles-to-suck-mitochondria-out-of-immune-cells/

Many parts of the evolution tree might be wrong. (Theory itself is right but the DNA has uncovered the new details in the history of species)

 

Toucan (Pinterest)

Probosci's monkeys and toucans have one interesting detail on their face. 

The main question in evolution is why some animals have "useless" details in their body?  What made natural selection favor the big nose of the proboscis monkey? We can understand that the toucan's beak helps the toucan hunt because its beak looks like a banana. But what is the benefit of the big nose of the proboscis monkey? When we think about natural selection. The thing that makes nature favor a certain thing. 

Is it useful and helps to fill nutrients if there are not enough vegetables. Toucans are omnivore birds. In that case, Toucan will transfer to eat bid eggs and lizards.  The colorful beak of the toucan makes it a good hunter but that bird eats mostly fruits. And the thing is that a colorful beak is attractive because it brings food like lizards. But the nose of the proboscis monkeys seems to have no similar use. So the reason why that monkey has that nose remains a mystery. 

We should turn to using DNA test for making evolution trees. 

When we are talking about the Darwinian model that certain details in the shape of the animals would highlight because something makes things like a big nose more attractive than other noses. So the big nose of the proboscis monkey could be the result of the natural selection that benefits the big nose. 

The thing that formed that special detail of that monkey is unknown. Many animals are looking like each other but they are genetically very far away from each other. Some researchers are saying that we should start to use DNA tests in all evolution models and forget the phenotypes or external details. Two animals that are grown in similar areas might have similar details. But they are genetically far away from each other. 

When we are thinking about the game theory and the species we must realize that all species and individuals are maximizing their benefits. But why non of the species must not come too dominating? The fact is that too dominating a species will be destroyed because it eats its food. And that thing causes hunger. 

But when we are thinking about the game theory we must realize that evolution is a network. Sometimes some researchers introduced the theory that somewhere in the universe could be planets where is only one species. That kind of species would be extremely sensitive. 

And those species would not have any kind of immune defense. And they cannot protect themselves against outcoming enemies. If there are only one species on the planet one virus can destroy entire lifeforms. Multiple species or biodiversity guarantees that one virus cannot destroy all biological organisms from that planet. 

Probosci's monkey (Pinterest)

Those organisms could be primitive algae or some other bacteria-level species. Higher organisms like animals require vegetables to eat. The mono-organism ecosystems require organisms that can turn the soil minerals straight into sugars. So only the arc bacteria can form that kind of ecosystem. 

The biodiversity guarantees that the species must not turn to cannibalism. And if conditions are suddenly changing at least some of the species will remain after extinction. But the fact is that the multiple species and competition between species caused. That natural selection started to favor intelligence. Normally, a large number of descendants are enough to guarantee that species remain alive.

But when the environment changes very fast the intelligent individuals would stay alive because intelligent individuals with the ability to think abstract turns overwhelming. Abstract thinking allows us to find tools that make it possible to dig food below the snow. Abstract thinking is also making it possible to connect things like warm when two sticks are rubbed against each other and fire. 

Even the most intelligent species require something to eat. That means the only thing that can form the mono-species ecosystems are vegetables or rather saying primitive algae. Higher vegetables require bacteria that are pre-handling the hummus to nutrients. Animals in the form as we know them require vegetables or some other animals for nutrients. 

https://scitechdaily.com/convergent-evolution-has-been-fooling-us-most-of-our-evolutionary-trees-could-be-wrong/

The cancer cell's ability to fix its DNA makes it possible to create genome therapy against cancer and aging.

Researchers found how cancer cells are fixing their DNA damage. That gives great opportunities for cancer treatment. But what if that ability can transfer to normal cells? That thing makes those cells able the resist things like aging or cancer. 

Reprogramming cells is one of the possibilities to remove at least some cancer or other diseases from the human race. The ability to transfer synthetic DNA to cells makes them produce new DNA and remove the old. In nature, the retrovirus is making that thing all the time. So synthetic retroviral can make this thing possible. In that case, the retrovirus virus will just slip the new genome in the form of the RNA in the human cells. 

That means the synthetic DNA can slip into the cells and drive through cell organelles. Or actually, the RNA will just take the cell organelles under the control and programs them to create the new DNA for the cells. 

That DNA can involve orders to destroy the old DNA and replace it with new DNA that those cell organs create. The process will look like mitosis. But the old DNA will just be destroyed in this process and replaced by using the new DNA. Then the DNA must remove the sequences from it that make that replacement process possible. 

A cancer cell's ability to fix its DNA is the thing that denies the effect of a medicine. The same ability that makes cancer cells fix the DNA is the thing that can use to reprogram cells. That thing can make it possible. That cancer can be removed, from the human race. In that case, the researchers remove the DNA sequence that causes cancer from the DNA. Or researchers can replace it by using wealthy DNA. 

Replacement of the damaged DNA is easy to make in the morula-level embryos. The researchers must just make the wealthy DNA and then suck the damaged DNA out from the morula. Then they can inject wealthy DNA into that embryo. That thing is quite easy to make. Researchers must just take the morula out from the mother's body for a moment, change the DNA and then put the morula back. 

Reprogramming cells means that the young or not damaged DNA will transfer to cells. If the DNA in the nucleus of the cells can replace with no-damaged DNA that thing can make a person theoretically immortal. The reason for aging is damaged DNA. If we want to make a person immortal we must also change mitochondria from the cells. 

Researchers are making tests with old mice who are got the blood of young mice. And that young blood made them younger. The young blood caused the situation that the cells transfer the young DNA to the nucleus of the cells. 

There is also the possibility that young blood is causing the renewal of the mitochondria. The effect of the blood transplant is confirmed. But the point is does that new blood affect the nucleus of the cells, or does that thing affect mitochondria? The problem with DNA reprogramming is that there are a lot of cells in the human body. 

If somebody wants to change the DNA in the nucleus of the cells there is one possibility. That possibility is the genetically engineered bacteria. In that case, the research program bacteria to create the new DNA. And then the bacteria will just pull the old DNA out and replace it with new fresh DNA. 

Researchers can make that thing by using synthetic DNA plasmids. The fresh DNA can produce by using cells that are taken from a person just after birth. Or the DNA that is taken straight after birth can transfer to cells. And then the cell cultures can use to create the DNA. Some laboratories are researching the possibility to reprogram cells. Genetic engineering opens new roads for wealthy humans. 

The DNA-controlled nanomachines are giving information. That is useful for use in the control of artificial bacteria. The creation of artificial bacteria allows making a new type of large-scale genome therapy. In those models, the bacteria that is injected into the human body will create new DNA and changes the DNA from the nucleus of the cells. And as I wrote before the mitochondria must also renew. 

https://www.science.org/content/article/young-blood-renews-old-mice

https://scitechdaily.com/a-new-way-that-cancer-cells-can-repair-dna-damage-has-been-discovered/

https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-12474217

Image:)https://scitechdaily.com/a-new-way-that-cancer-cells-can-repair-dna-damage-has-been-discovered/