Researchers have uncovered the physical difference between a psychopath and normal people.

The research found that the striatum region of the brain was on average ten percent larger in psychopathic individuals compared to a control group of individuals that had low or no psychopathic traits. (ScitechDaily/Scientists Have Established a Key Biological Difference Between Psychopaths and Normal People)

Researchers made lots of work for finding the physical difference that makes the person psychopathic. Psychopaths have a 10% larger striatum than regular people. That thing allows us to see psychopaths by using MRI scanners. The psychopath doesn't make a person criminal, but the lack of social conscience makes them more susceptible to make crimes than regular people. 

The nervous system is one structure in the human body. Behind all differences in biological structures are differences in DNA molecules. And finding the difference that causes psychopathy allows finding the genome that is behind that mutation. So, there is a base pair or series of base pairs in the DNA. That causes that person to have a 10% larger striatum. 

Researchers are finding what genomes are controlling the advance of certain organs. By observing people with some differences in their biological structures

The use of MRI scanners to find that difference is a fundamental idea. That thing allows us to show those differences from MRI images. And that thing makes it possible to confirm that the person is a psychopath. The lack of social conscience makes psychopaths more dangerous because they have no social rules. The only thing that drives those people ahead is personal benefit. 

Psychopaths might seem very charming and intelligent people. They are excellent manipulators because they are not the shame of anything. They can take a person who sits in a wheelchair because they want to pass row. They can collect money for poor children. And then go to the shop and buy a new mobile telephone. 

The extreme cases of psychopaths are serial killers. They would kill people just for fun. The thing is that serial killers are not shamed for what they are doing. The lack of shame makes those people very dangerous. And that thing makes it important to locate them from the society. 

Confirmation of psychopathy in this kind of research is important. That the physical difference in nervous structure is common for psychopaths. There must be some mark or detector. That determines a person as a psychopath. One of the details that can use for confirming psychopathy is heavy crimes. If the person does not feel shame that thing might be the mark of a sociopathic or psychopathic personality. 

If a person feels that raping and other violence against weaker people are justified that thing. Is a serious mark of psychopathic behavior. If a person believes that their pleasure justifies the violence that means the person needs some kind of attention. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-have-established-a-key-biological-difference-between-psychopaths-and-normal-people/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striatum

Image:) https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-have-established-a-key-biological-difference-between-psychopaths-and-normal-people/

The search for extraterrestrial life from the oceans of icy moons continues.

Image: Cross-section of the Europa moon. 

The depth of the Europa moon's oceans might hide (I hope) primitive life. The fact is that the salty ocean under the ice core is the place where scientists hope to find alien life. The alien life that lives in that deep and dark ocean could use the volcanic temperature as their energy source. 

Or the energy for those hypothetical lifeforms can be the friction of the massive tidal waves that the Jupiter gravitation causes. The thing is that even if some moon or planet has an icy core and ocean under it that ocean could be very cold. If the water is in movement every time and salinity is high enough even water whose temperature is far below zero celsius can be liquid. 

The fact is that even the frozen planets can have some kind of lifeforms. The metabolism of those lifeforms can be extremely slow. And that thing makes them hard to detect. If we think of the algae that live in liquid water at a very low temperature. 

There is the possibility that this kind of algae would not release oxygen into the air. That means the algae can keep oxygen in its cell membrane. Maybe those hypothetical organisms divide very slowly. And they are storing all energy they can get. 

There are made theoretical models of the lifeforms that are living on the planets where radiation is weak, and the temperature is very low. There was one common thing in those alien creatures. They would be extremely slow. 

Everything happens by saving energy. Or otherwise, those creatures could take their energy from volcanic temperature like some worms on Earth are making. The models for those extreme lifeforms are taken from the worms and bacteria that are living in the ice core of the mountains, caves, or near black smokers. Black smokers are volcanic eruption holes at the bottom of the oceans. 

In some futuristic models, the astronauts are making an underwater base under the icy core of the Europa moon. In that case, the water protects the crew against cosmic radiation. And the system can use the temperature of the Europa moon as the power source. 

Or in some other models, the base would use the simple tube there another end is in-depth, and the other is near the surface. The rising water will conduct through the turbine wheel. And that turbine rotates the generator. That thing will make the energy to the station.

Image:) https://scitechdaily.com/experiments-measure-freezing-point-of-extraterrestrial-oceans-to-aid-search-for-alien-life/

Do you know that bacteria that plays tic-tac-toe knows its mission as much as some soldiers before they go on a mission?

What is intelligence? What determines if the creature is intelligent or not? Can we call bacteria that make complicated structures intelligent? Or is intelligence the ability to make complicated movement series the same way time after time? If that thing is true the birds that are introducing ritual dance before making couples would be very intelligent. 

But the intelligence is one thing that causes discussions. Is it the ability to follow orders or the ability to break rules? And make something new. How would we determine the intelligence? Is it the ability to create something new? Or is it the ability to win Garry Gasparov in chess? But what if the person would not do anything than play chess? 

Then we can think the cases like Kaspar Hauser. If that famous boy would stand in a closed room and all things that person makes play chess, we could create a chess genius. All the neurons what that person has would be used for playing chess. That person would be the ultimate chess player, but there might not be any other skills. 

When we are thinking that the person who knows why something must be done is intelligent, we must remember one thing. If we are thinking that the person who trains another uses Pavelov's methodology where successful action will bring price and unsuccessful action causes punishment we must realize one thing. The actor who works under the supervisor and tries to please that person knows that unsuccessful action causes punishment. 

In so same way bacteria that is trained in petri dish knows that the wrong meal causes antibiotic shock. The actor is working under the supervision of the brainwasher. Which is another name for the person who uses Price/punishment methodology in training would know the mission as much as bacteria in a petri dish. 

The learning process of bacteria happens that when the bacteria are trying to harm the wrong cells, they get an antibiotic shock. The negative effect will be stored in the plasmid of bacteria. And there is the possibility that this plasmid ring can use to transfer memories and skills between people. 

Maybe when we need new skills in the future we just take the pill. That involves the DNA which transfers memories to the cells. 

Learning is a process that bases on memory. The person remembers the skills that he or she has. So manipulating those memories is making it possible to make new skills for people extremely fast. 

The idea is that the things that wanted to transfer would program into the DNA. And then the actor just eats the pill where is the programmed DNA. That transfers those memories to certain neurons. That allows program those cells very effectively. 

https://brobible.com/culture/article/scientists-taught-bacteria-play-tic-tac-toe/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspar_Hauser

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/p/bacteria-played-tic-tac-toe.html

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

Bacteria played tic-tac-toe.

 

Researchers taught bacteria to play tic-tac-toe. That thing might not seem very impressive. But the method that those researchers used makes that research almost fundamental method where the right solution will bring prices like nutrient or sugar fluid. And the wrong solution will bring antibiotics. 

These kinds of experiments are our knowledge of how bacteria create resistance against antibiotics. Maybe bacteria learn to avoid antibiotics. The same process that makes bacteria antibiotic-resistant can help to understand autoimmune diseases like allergy and rheumatism. The thing in autoimmune diseases is that the immune system learns to strike against its useful tissues. 

Researchers used the classic Pavlovian teaching methodology for teaching bacteria. The method is based simple idea of punishing/price methodology. Created by Ivan Pavlov. That man invented a methodology called brainwashing. His method is simple. When the subject follows orders that creature get's price. When the subject makes something against the superior. That will cause punishment. That process continues until the action turns automatic. The tic-tac-toe playing bacteria are proving that methodology that Ivan Pavlov created. Works also for bacteria. 

Also in that bacteria experiment, the wanted actions brought price. And non-wanted actions brought punishments. But of course, the bacteria needed some applied method how to use that thing. 

Bacteria reacted to that price-punishment model and learned new skills. This experiment proved that bacteria can make more complicated things that nobody even thought of. Teaching bacteria can bring a new type of medication. The same method that is used for making bacteria play tic-tac-toe can use to make bacteria find harmful cells from the human body. In that case, the bacteria are swimming in the petri dish.

That experiment might involve three layers. Trained bacteria can be the next-generation biorobots. When researchers train bacteria. They use antibiotics. When bacteria do something that is not allowed the non-wanted action causes antibiotic shock. 

1) Bacteria will be put in a dish with harmful cells. That makes bacteria eat them. The idea of the two first stages is to teach bacteria where they can get nutrients. 

2) After that bacteria will transfer to a dish. There are useful cells. When bacteria try to eat those cells that are equipped with the genome. That makes them create antibiotics. 

That means the useful cells give a signal that they cannot use those cells for nutrients. Or otherwise, the attempt to eat useful cells causes antibiotic injection. 

3)  In the third dish could be bacteria with useful cells, and harmful cells. The useful cells are combined with antibiotics. So bacteria must select its nutrient between useful cells and harmful cells. 

When bacteria try to eat useful cells. The antibiotics affect it. And that thing makes bacteria possible to learn what kind of cells they must eat. That thing can use in many things. They can use to improve immune resistance. 

Trained bacteria can remove cancer cells from the human body. They can also use to clean blood vessels. But in things like nanotechnology, trained bacteria can use to move parts of the nanomachines in certain positions. The thing is that researchers don't know how complicated things those bacteria can learn. 

https://brobible.com/culture/article/scientists-taught-bacteria-play-tic-tac-toe/

Image: https://brobible.com/culture/article/scientists-taught-bacteria-play-tic-tac-toe/

https://onlyimaginationlimitsinnovation.blogspot.com/

What makes white dwarfs interesting?

Image above): Artist's impression of the planet around the white dwarf. That planet orbits in the remnant of the nova eruption. And it would be a very cold and hostile place. But intelligent species could live in tunnels under that planet's icy core. 

When we are searching for lifeforms. We should search that from white dwarfs. There is the possibility that the planetary remnants around white dwarfs are consisting material that can confirm the existence of at least dead alien life. But there is a possibility that intelligent and technically advanced aliens could survive the nova eruption. We know that white dwarfs can have planets. Some of those planets might survive from nova eruption. But also new planets can form from nova remnants. 

Sometimes terms white and brown dwarfs are misunderstood. The white dwarf is the remnant of an old star. And our sun will turn to a white dwarf after a couple of billion years ago. A brown dwarf is a substellar object that is between a star and a planet. It cannot maintain nuclear reactions that continue all the time. But also in brown dwarfs, random nuclear reactions are possible. The brown dwarfs are that type of star their entire life. The white dwarf has been the regular star before it expanded to a red giant and erupted as a nova. 

The alien life would exist near white dwarfs. But there is one requirement. That lifeform must be intelligent that it can harvest energy from the white dwarf. So in that case the nova eruption wipes out all other than intelligent species. Or the species that intelligent species want to save. But nothing else than intelligent species that has the technology to benefit from the energy from white dwarf or maybe those species can use helium rivers as the power sources.

In the future, our sun will turn into a white dwarf. So if we want to find similar but more advanced species than we are we should search for them from the space around white dwarfs. The hypothetical civilizations can take energy by driving material to the surface of the white dwarf. 

The planets of the white dwarf can be cold and hostile. But if there is some kind of intelligent species those hypothetical aliens can have technology that makes them collect energy from white dwarfs. And they could live in the icy tunnels on those planets. The planets of white dwarfs are more mature than Earth. 

And if there were some kind of intelligent species before the star erupted those aliens could stay alive in tunnels or giant space stations in the shadows of their planet. If they will not want to make a large fleet of spacecraft and fly to other stars. That journey takes millenniums. 

And of course, the alien species would be very advanced before the star erupts. So they might limit birth before they must leave. There is also the possibility that large numbers of passengers would take their journey in the form of an embryo. That guarantees that there is no degeneration in the population of travelers. 

But civilization can also stay in the home. 

If we want to find similar species we are from other stars. White dwarfs are the most promising objects. White dwarfs are remnants of the nova eruptions and the thing that makes them interesting is that our Sun will end its life as a white dwarf. So if we want to find similar species like us but more advanced areas around white dwarfs are very interesting. 

If there were the same way intelligent species on the planet that orbits the yellow star that exploded as nova there is the possibility that the civilization would stay alive after the eruption. They might move to more distant planets and when a nova eruption happens they might wait that radiation will decrease in underground cities. Or at the giant O'Neill cylinders behind those planets. 

In that hypothesis, the theoretical civilization will not make interstellar journeys. They would stay at home and make giant Dyson spheres for securing their energy production. When the sun of the solar system where aliens live ends its life the civilization must make the decision would to stay at home or go on an interstellar journey. 

The moment when the star detonates will be the best moment to go. At that moment star releases very much of energy. And that energy can use at the beginning of the travel that can take millenniums. 

But if we think about the possibility to find intelligent life forms we must realize one thing. There must happen something that makes evolution favor intelligence. That is the only thing that causes the advance of the brain. If the planet is too stable there is no need for intelligence. Only a large number of descendants is enough. 

When we are searching for intelligent species we can try to make contact with them. But that thing is not been successful. So another way is to try to find pollution from the exoplanet's atmosphere. But being successful that alien civilization must use combustion. Things like nuclear power and renewing energy sources like solar- or geothermal energy are not causing pollution. 

But there are other models of the energy sources that are not causing any kind of pollution. In one model the red dwarf that can be in the same solar system as an alien home planet can deliver energy to alien cities on another planet. The idea is that the locked planet would offer a great position for the mega-large solar power station. That station would just transmit energy to alien cities in the form of micro- or radiowaves. 

Or the civilization can make quite a small Dyson's sphere around the red dwarf and turn its energy into laser rays. Technically advanced civilizations can live in tunnels and underground facilities on very hostile planets. Or they can make large underwater structures in giant oceans of water planets.

But if we want to find super civilizations at Kardachev scale II+ that thing means that the original home planet of that kind of civilization is very mature. There is the possibility that very old planets in the universe are no radioactive materials like Uranium. And that causes the situation that the alien race must make interstellar journeys or they must start to find some other energy source than just regular fission power. Small stars can close in Dyson's sphere and those power stations can deliver energy to the entire race. 

https://cosmosmagazine.com/space/astronomy/white-dwarfs-surprise-companion/

https://www.hngn.com/articles/228059/20200217/white-dwarfs-place-find-alien-life.htm

https://www.space.com/21437-alien-life-white-dwarfs-failed-stars.html

https://www.space.com/search-alien-life-white-dwarf-stars.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_dwarf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf

Image: https://cosmosmagazine.com/space/astronomy/white-dwarfs-surprise-companion/

The standard model of physics may be broken.

   The standard model of physics may be broken.

Image 1) The table of confirmed  particles 

Hypothetical gravitons and axions can solve many mysteries if somebody can find them. 

The thing is that the hypothetical graviton is probably tensor. The particle that connects the space and material, but then we can think that there are two possible forms of the graviton. The problem is that it can be positioned at every point of the atom. And researchers are not known where they should search for that particle. 

The thing that we know about gravitons is that their size is unique. That thing forms the long-distance effect of gravitation. And that means there is a possibility that graviton is very much like W boson. The short-term particle. That can be between gluons and quarks. But it can be also between electrons or it can form outside the atom. 

1) There is the possibility that graviton is the virtual particle. That means it can form when the electron changes its trajectory. When an electron changes its trajectory, there is the possibility that this movement forms an electromagnetic vacuum that pulls wave motion into it. 

2) Graviton is an extremely small particle. That exists in the middle of baryons and another particle. 

3) But graviton can also be an extremely large particle. That means it could be very similar to the W boson. There is the possibility that graviton is the particle that looks like a half-moon. It could be the energy channel that is formed when an electron travels in its trajectory. 

4) There is the possibility that the graviton is the string. That means it would act like guitar strings. When that wave motion will move back and forth that thing causes the wave motion. This possibility explains why gravitation is so weak. If graviton is string the dimension of the movement area is very small. 

Or maybe it has the size of an atom. That means graviton would be the extremely short-living particle. When graviton explodes. That forms the quantum vacuum that pulls particles and wave motion in it. So at the first gravitation will push objects, but then the quantum vacuum pulls objects back. And the pulling effect covers the pushing interaction. 

Image 2) The table of elementary particles, including hypothetical graviton. 

The axions are also hypothetical particles. Theories tell that those hypothetical axions transport dark energy. 

There is the possibility that the axion is the group of strings or wave movement bites that are rotating at a very high speed. So the axion is like the whirl or structure that looks a little bit like a DNA double-helix structure. But axions would be far, far smaller. There is the possibility that axions are rotating extremely fast. That fast rotation motion makes them hard to observe. 

Fast rotating speed makes those axion particles virtually smooth. The effect is similar to a propeller that rotates too fast. When rotation speed is too fast. The propeller creates a vacuum around it. The reason for that is water has no time to fill the space between blades. In the same way, the fast-rotating particle can push the quantum fields from around it and form the quantum bubble. 

That bubble makes particles virtually smooth because outside effects cannot travel through the quantum field that takes energy from the fast-rotating particle. The outcoming wave motion can go just over that smooth quantum field without causing any oscillation. And that makes this type of particle hard to detect. 

The standard model of physics may be broken.

And the new accuracy explains that thing. The observations are becoming more and more accurate. Today we can see many things that are been invisible before. Modern network-based artificial intelligence solutions are making it possible to interconnect observations from many systems. 

And things like black holes are also giving data on how the smallest particles in the universe are interacting. Today we realize that things like weak nuclear interaction are an interaction between baryons and W-boson. 

So the protons and neutrons are not making straight interactions. That interaction that forms the nucleus of the atom requires a W boson. In the same way, the interaction between quarks inside baryons requires gluons.

The strong interaction is the interaction between quarks and gluons. That means the straight interaction between quarks can not form protons and neutrons. Stable bonds between quarks require gluons that form the bridge between those elementary particles. 

But there is the possibility that somewhere is another Higgs boson. When we are looking at the table where the known elementary particles we know that the Higgs boson is the scalable boson. The Higgs boson is the only known scalar boson in the world. And if we are looking at that table, there is always the same number of other bosons. So maybe we are missing many bosons. 

https://phys.org/news/2022-05-higgs-boson-standard-particle-physics.html

https://scitechdaily.com/the-standard-model-of-particle-physics-may-be-broken-a-physicist-at-the-large-hadron-collider-explains/

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

The international scientist's team captured the first image of Sagittarius A

 

 

The image of Sagittarius A tells that it is more active than the supermassive black hole in the center of Galaxy M87. There are three higher energy areas at the triangle-shaped formation around that supermassive black hole. That image confirms that there is at least one supermassive black hole in the Milky Way galaxy.

 So confirming the existence of that supermassive black hole is making it possible to make more and more accurate observations. And those observations are making it possible to adjust many theories about space and matter. The existence of Sagittarius A is not a surprise. That kind of structure is predicted for a long time. And then that thing just confirms strong suspicion. But there are, of course, many other black holes in our galaxy. 

Sagittarius A

Making that image was not an easy thing. But now the confirmation of the massive motor of the galaxy. Helps researchers to make theories also about the future of the universe. And maybe someday researchers are finding the quantum- and hyper massive black holes. Those still hypothetical hyper massive black holes could be larger than an entire galaxy. 

And then the quantum black hole is smaller than an electron. The quantum-size black holes are the thing that will make it possible to create the ultimate long-term quantum entanglement. The problem with the quantum entanglement is the spooky effect of distance exists for only a short time. 

The spooky effect of distance stays longer the higher the energy level of those particles. When the energy level of those particles turns too low. That breaks the quantum entanglement. The energy level of the quantum-size black holes is higher than their environment. And that helps the quantum entanglement stay longer. 

https://scitechdaily.com/meet-sagittarius-a-astronomers-reveal-first-image-of-the-black-hole-at-the-heart-of-the-milky-way/

Image: https://scitechdaily.com/meet-sagittarius-a-astronomers-reveal-first-image-of-the-black-hole-at-the-heart-of-the-milky-way/

 

By the way. Do you notice the similarity between the high-energy areas around Sagittarius A and the "engines" of the Black triangle UFO? Maybe that is a coincidence...

https://writingsaboutmysteries.blogspot.com/