How to create artificial muscles, and how they might improve radical airplane designs?

(Picture 1)

Kimmo Huosionmaa

Making artificial muscles helps to make nano drones and another kind of things, what needs extreme flexible material. The first one is the biotechnical method, where the normal muscle cells would be grown on the nutrient base. After the necessary number of cells have been grown, and then their nucleus and other things, what is inside those cells can be filled with silicon other other inorganic material, and then both sides of the muscle cells would be connected the electric wire. After this those cells would be covered by the plastic layer, that is emptied of air.

The thing what makes the muscle cell to pull and push are the myofibrils, what are in the outer layer of the cell. This technology is based on the same experiment, what is made by Galvani in 18th. century. He connected one of his batteries to the cut frog feet, and he noticed, that the electricity makes those feet to move. Also, neurons could be pulled empty, and then fill them with inorganic material The reason for this action, that this denies that this artificial muscle would stand longer. The problem with the biologically produced artificial cells is that they would be rotten.

The polymeric layer would protect those things against strikes and it makes easy to install the electric components to that structure. If the user wants, there might be used also natural neurons, but they must be filled something, what denies the rotten. The neurons can be replaced by nanotechnical electric wires, what are actually very thin gold- or copper wire, what is installed on both sides of the cell.

Another way is to make small bags, what is filled with electrolytic liquid, as I have written before. Both sides of this bag would be installed the electric wires, what makes it work like the normal muscular cell. The use of this kind of muscle cells can be found in new kind of robots, what can look like birds or bugs. Artificial birds need the wing what can pull up in the form of the wave. That would lower the need for fuel.

Artificial muscle can be used to make airplanes, what wings can change the form. It allows to make the wings, what can change their form, like inflect the edge of the wing. And it allows the sharp control to flaps. But when we are thinking about to use this kind of muscle in robotics, that would be possible to make the small size drone, what would move like the bird, by flapping the wings. And it would be cheaper to produce than the carbon fibers, what allows this kind of movement. And those artificial muscles might be mass produced some day. They would make the artificial animals feel more realistic and that would interest animal investigators and intelligence services.

Sources:

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/flying-animals-can-teach-drones-thing-or-two

Picture 1.

https://www.sciencenews.org/sites/default/files/main/articles/feature_drones_opener.jpg

https://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/how-to-create-artificial-muscles-and.html

The hydrogen-burning supernovas are interesting models.

"Researchers discovered a significant magnesium anomaly in a meteorite’s dust particle, challenging current astrophysical models and suggesting new insights into hydrogen-burning supernovas. (Artist’s concept.)Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Rare Dust Particle From Ancient Extraterrestrial Meteorite Challenges Astrophysical Models) If the star is too heavy when its fusion reaction starts, it can detonate just at that moment, when its fusion starts. If the collapsing nebula is heavy enough, it can form a black hole straight from the nebula. But if the nebula's gravity is too heavy to form the blue giant or too small it can collapse straight into a black hole . If the forming star is a little bit larger than the blue supergiants. It can explode immediately when the fusion starts. The theory of hydrogen-burning supernovas consists model of the giant stars that explode immediately after their fusion starts. When the...

The ancient galaxy mirrors the Milky Way.

"This image shows the galaxy REBELS-25 as seen by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), overlaid on an infrared image of other stars and galaxies. The infrared image was taken by ESO’s Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA). In a recent study, researchers found evidence that REBELS-25 is a strongly rotating disc galaxy existing only 700 million years after the Big Bang. This makes it the most distant and earliest known Milky Way-like galaxy found to date. Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/L. Rowland et al./ESO/J. Dunlop et al. Ack.: CASU, CALET" (ScitechDaily, Astronomers Baffled by Ancient Galaxy That Mirrors Modern Milky Way) Researchers found the youngest Milky Way-type galaxy. The distance to the galaxy is enormous. And the light that comes from that galaxy named REBELS-25 comes from the Universe that is only 700 million years old. The distance to that galaxy is enormous about 236 billion light years. And that means it's a very dista...

Transcendence, or the ability to transcendent thinking may grow in teen's brains.

"New research has discovered that transcendent thinking, which involves analyzing the broader implications of situations, can foster brain growth in adolescents. This form of thinking enhances brain network coordination, impacting developmental milestones and future life satisfaction. The study emphasizes the need for education that encourages deep, reflective thought, underscoring the critical role of adolescents in their own brain development". (ScitechDaily, Scientists Discover That “Transcendent” Thinking May Grow Teens’ Brains) "Scientists at USC Rossier School of Education’s Center for Affective Neuroscience, Development, Learning and Education (CANDLE) have discovered that adolescents who grapple with the bigger meaning of social situations experience greater brain growth, which predicts stronger identity development and life satisfaction years later". (ScitechDaily, Scientists Discover That “Transcendent” Thinking May Grow Teens’ Brains) The transcendenc...

Mysteries of the world

Search This Blog