Mysteries of the world

Image: Cross-section of the Europa moon.  The depth of the Europa moon's oceans might hide (I hope) primitive life. The fact is that the salty ocean under the ice core is the place where scientists hope to find alien life. The alien life that lives in that deep and dark ocean could use the volcanic temperature as their energy source.  Or the energy for those hypothetical lifeforms can be the friction of the massive tidal waves that the Jupiter gravitation causes. The thing is that even if some moon or planet has an icy core and ocean under it that ocean could be very cold. If the water is in movement every time and salinity is high enough even water whose temperature is far below zero celsius can be liquid.  The fact is that even the frozen planets can have some kind of lifeforms. The metabolism of those lifeforms can be extremely slow. And that thing makes them hard to detect. If we think of the algae that live in liquid water at a very low temperature.  There is th...

What is intelligence? What determines if the creature is intelligent or not? Can we call bacteria that make complicated structures intelligent? Or is intelligence the ability to make complicated movement series the same way time after time? If that thing is true the birds that are introducing ritual dance before making couples would be very intelligent.  But the intelligence is one thing that causes discussions. Is it the ability to follow orders or the ability to break rules? And make something new. How would we determine the intelligence? Is it the ability to create something new? Or is it the ability to win Garry Gasparov in chess? But what if the person would not do anything than play chess?  Then we can think the cases like Kaspar Hauser. If that famous boy would stand in a closed room and all things that person makes play chess, we could create a chess genius. All the neurons what that person has would be used for playing chess. That person would be the ultimate chess pl...

  Researchers taught bacteria to play tic-tac-toe. That thing might not seem very impressive. But the method that those researchers used makes that research almost fundamental method where the right solution will bring prices like nutrient or sugar fluid. And the wrong solution will bring antibiotics.  These kinds of experiments are our knowledge of how bacteria create resistance against antibiotics. Maybe bacteria learn to avoid antibiotics. The same process that makes bacteria antibiotic-resistant can help to understand autoimmune diseases like allergy and rheumatism. The thing in autoimmune diseases is that the immune system learns to strike against its useful tissues.  Researchers used the classic Pavlovian teaching methodology for teaching bacteria. The method is based simple idea of punishing/price methodology. Created by Ivan Pavlov. That man invented a methodology called brainwashing. His method is simple. When the subject follows orders that creature get's price....

Image above): Artist's impression of the planet around the white dwarf. That planet orbits in the remnant of the nova eruption. And it would be a very cold and hostile place. But intelligent species could live in tunnels under that planet's icy core.  When we are searching for lifeforms. We should search that from white dwarfs. There is the possibility that the planetary remnants around white dwarfs are consisting material that can confirm the existence of at least dead alien life. But there is a possibility that intelligent and technically advanced aliens could survive the nova eruption. We know that white dwarfs can have planets. Some of those planets might survive from nova eruption. But also new planets can form from nova remnants.  Sometimes terms white and brown dwarfs are misunderstood. The white dwarf is the remnant of an old star. And our sun will turn to a white dwarf after a couple of billion years ago. A brown dwarf is a substellar object that is between a star and...

   The standard model of physics may be broken. Image 1) The table of confirmed  particles  Hypothetical gravitons and axions can solve many mysteries if somebody can find them.  The thing is that the hypothetical graviton is probably tensor. The particle that connects the space and material, but then we can think that there are two possible forms of the graviton. The problem is that it can be positioned at every point of the atom. And researchers are not known where they should search for that particle.  The thing that we know about gravitons is that their size is unique. That thing forms the long-distance effect of gravitation. And that means there is a possibility that graviton is very much like W boson. The short-term particle. That can be between gluons and quarks. But it can be also between electrons or it can form outside the atom.  1) There is the possibility that graviton is the virtual particle. That means it can form when the electron change...

    The image of Sagittarius A tells that it is more active than the supermassive black hole in the center of Galaxy M87. There are three higher energy areas at the triangle-shaped formation around that supermassive black hole. That image confirms that there is at least one supermassive black hole in the Milky Way galaxy.  So confirming the existence of that supermassive black hole is making it possible to make more and more accurate observations. And those observations are making it possible to adjust many theories about space and matter. The existence of Sagittarius A is not a surprise. That kind of structure is predicted for a long time. And then that thing just confirms strong suspicion. But there are, of course, many other black holes in our galaxy.  Sagittarius A Making that image was not an easy thing. But now the confirmation of the massive motor of the galaxy. Helps researchers to make theories also about the future of the universe. And maybe someday researc...

The fact is that those ancient philosophers believed in gods, and some more- or less scientifical writers transformed those gods of mount Olympus into aliens that landed on Earth a long time ago. In the same way, some people believe that Plato's Atlantis was some kind of alien base. But the fact is that the "alien base" can mean the base, that used some kind of extraordinary methods or weapons.  The thing that supports the "alien base" theory is that those people in ancient Greece didn't know genetics and aviation so they cannot imagine things like the UFOs. There is a question did some see some of those gods fly. The story of Icarus is telling about the hero, who flew too close to the sun, and that can feed theories of ancient UFOs. But there could be also other versions of that kind of theory.  But we know that there is no visible evidence of some alien astronauts on the Greek Mount Olympus. But the explanation for that thing is simple. Somebody believes t...

There is a possibility that researchers captured alien messages, but they cannot recognize them. Without the right decryption key. Nobody can open messages or isolate the necessary information from natural radio waves  Especially, if those hypothetical alien messages are encoded by using quantum computers. They are hard to open even if the capturer knows to decryption code. There is the possibility that the algorithms use trillions of numbers long decimal numbers.  And that thing makes almost all computers a little bit slow. Or input of those numbers to quantum computers takes an extremely long time. The bottleneck of those operations is that inputting the long decimal numbers to a binary system that resends the information to the quantum layer would be slow.  There has been a couple of promising radio signals whose origin could be another intelligent species. But the fact is that the problem with those signals is always that they are unique. That means there is no way ho...

M81  Do you know, what is the similarity between tropic cyclones and galaxies? They are both whirls. The butterfly effect means that when the whirl is forming in an extremely stable system. That thing will expand forever. The idea is that when a butterfly flaps its wings in some jungle that can cause a hurricane on the other side of Earth. The thing that increases the power of that whirl is the outcoming energy. If the solar light will bring more energy to the whirl than the friction takes out. That thing means that the energy of the whirl increases. The whirl itself will not turn stronger. The reason why the power of the whirl rises is that things like sunlight and the rotation of Earth give that whirl more energy than it transfers to the sea. Extremely low friction causes things like Neptune's "dark spot" can stay "forever". The energy level of the whirl rises when outcoming energy feeds it. And the rise of the energy level continues as long as outcoming energ...

Dark energy is even more dominant than dark matter. The thing is that dark energy is ripping the universe into pieces. And nobody knows the origin of that mysterious wave motion called dark energy?  Sometimes the source for that mysterious energy is introduced as the tachyon flow from the point of the Big Bang. When Big Bang happened, there formed a vacuum in the center of the universe. That vacuum would cause the energy flow from the tachyons to our third dimension. If that vacuum stayed long enough the hypothetical tachyons that are at the lowest energy level of the fourth dimension would fall to the third dimension. That thing means that they simply lose energy and that energy could keep the channel open. The fourth dimension is the energy level where we cannot see particles anymore. So that causes the wave motion travels away from the center of the universe.   Every single frequency of wave motions depends on the size of the particles that send them. So the knowledge ...

  Ka-52 "Alligator" I remember that similar claims were within the Afghanistan war. In the early 1980s, many people believed that the Soviet military used obsolete equipment in the Afghan war. And that obsolete equipment explains why Soviet troops had problems in the Afghanistan mountains. But then some films came into the public. And the Helicopters that were in that film were MI-24 "Hind E and F" models. Those helicopters were the newest tools in the Soviet military.  In the same way, Russian troops used at least Ka-52 "Alligator" helicopters in Ukraine. And that thing tells that at least the part of Russian equipment is the brand new stuff. The thing is that. If there are heavy casualties in the Russian military they should start to use new equipment. If the Russian military uses some obsolete weapons, there must be some reason for that.   When we are looking at images of the destroyed "Armata" tank we must remember that one destroyed tank doe...

Above this text is an image of the nuclear test. The thing that causes major damage in the nuclear explosions is the vacuum. When the fireball rises it pulls air after it. And that airflow is the thing that destroys things. When we are moving this phenomenon to the quantum world, we can ask the question. Could gravitation be a similar effect? We would think that the graviton is the quantum vacuum that forms when a hypothetical tachyon particle falls from the fourth dimension. In that process, the tachyon sends the ring-shaped wave motion. So the graviton is the tensor. That means graviton is the particle or channel that connects the third and fourth dimensions.  So is the graviton the electromagnetic vacuum bubble where wave motion falls? The thing is that there question in gravitation is this which side of the particle the electromagnetic vacuum forms? When we are thinking that the graviton is a similar effect to the nuclear explosion we can think that there is repelling effect....

Images: Pinterest Is legendary "Mothman" the person who has a quadcopter in his backpack? There is the possibility that this mythic character is a human, who flies using an extraordinary machine. And who uses infrared glasses? In 1967 quadcopters were not very well-known things. And maybe some inventor tested that kind of extraordinary system.  Special forces operators can use this kind of equipment in their missions. The miniature helicopter is a thing that can be useful in the missions where the crew must go to roofs. That kind of lightweight flying system can also use for evacuation and many other missions.  The thing is that this kind of lightweight helicopter can take operators to the roofs very easily. And then those systems can fly away. The fact is that Jetpacks can also equip with the rotors that are giving them the ability to fly slowly to the right point. When the mission is over the helicopter or VTOL aircraft can send those flying machines to the ground team and ...

The fact is that there is always the possibility that aliens attack. Stephen Hawking warned about that thing. And the alien invasion can be destructive. The fact is that the alien race can destroy us accidentally. In one scenario those aliens might make the crash landing on Earth by using a spacecraft that uses a black hole for the power source. In that scenario the chamber where that black hole is. Could be broken. And that black hole destroys the entire life and pulls Earth in it.  In some other scenarios, the aliens misunderstand our messages. And then they would answer by using the extremely powerful transmission that will break the entire Earth immediately. The fact is that many people would not believe that an interstellar civilization would want to conquer Earth. But they can destroy Earth on purpose or they can make some humans their slaves.   The idea is that the aliens would send the nanomachines to Earth. And then they can take people into their control. But fo...

  Image: Toyota Above this text is the futuristic car on the moon. Or actually, that thing can be the combination of the lunar cruiser, laboratory, and shuttle. There is the possibility that we would travel to the moon using trains or cars. Or technology that bases those well-known vehicles. The fact is that electric cars can operate on the moon.  And the futuristic spacecraft that operate at the weak gravitation would have wheels under them. Those flying cars that are equipped with vertical rockets can travel to Earth. So that futuristic "lunar cruiser would also equip with horizontal or vertical rockets. And they can be shuttles with wheels.  There is the possibility that in the future the magnetic rail gun or magnetic track that accelerates connecting spacecraft would base the railway. That magnetic accelerating track would build around the moon, and the craft is accelerated by using magnets to the journey to Earth. These types of systems might base on trains or cars. ...

From Pinterest The Pioneer 10 flew to Jupiter in about a year. The Galileo probe used almost 2000 days for that journey. And the reason for that was simple. The Galileo probe was the orbital mission. And it should slow down its speed for reaching the orbiter.  The total flight time of the Galileo probe was more than six years. The reason for that is simple. Galileo's flight time to Jupiter was announced from the last gravitational assists.  While it made its mission, the Galileo probe made two gravitational assist flybys with Earth and one with Venus. As I wrote before. But is it possible to send the orbital probe to Jupiter or other planets in less than two years? There are two theoretical ways to make that thing.  1) Main craft makes the flyby and sends the parasite probes to orbital trajectory.  Sometimes is introduced an idea of an interplanetary or even interstellar mission is a combination of the flyby and orbital missions. The system includes two types of prob...

Many scientists think that hibernation is useless in long-term space travel.  The fact is that normal hibernation or normal anesthesia cannot help people in long-term space travel at all. Hibernation can be a good way to control a person who is psychotic or injured.  But the hibernation itself does not affect things like a lifetime. The major problem with long-term spaceflight is the aging of the people. And hibernation does not affect that thing. But hibernation is the gate to cryogenic space travel. Cryogenic space travel means that the crew will freeze to the temperature of zero kelvin.  Why cryogenics is a promising way to make extreme long-term spaceflight? The reason, why cryogenics is better than so-called normal hibernation or narcosis is the oscillation of the DNA and other molecules' ends. This means the space traveler will not age. The idea is that when the spacecraft comes near its destiny. The system will start to warm those astronauts.  And when they ar...

  The enzyme glucosidase converts the sugar maltose into two glucose sugars. Active site residues in red, maltose substrate in black, and NAD cofactor in yellow. (PDB: 1OBB​) The enzymatic reactions control many things in our body and other living organisms. The complicated structures of enzyme molecules are one of the reasons why new and more powerful supercomputers are created. Enzymes are biological catalysts. They are accelerating chemical reactions.  Making simulations of the reactions between enzymes and enzyme-protein reactions require extremely powerful computers. I know that many enzymes are proteins. But here I use the term protein for macromolecules that are forming cell cores.   Many actors affect the enzymatic reactions. The PH-value, pressure, and temperature are the thing that affects the structure of the enzyme. When the temperature rises that affects the reactive structures of enzymes. And also when the size of an enzyme is changing.  So when th...

  F-22 vs. F-35, vs. J-22 vs. SU-57, which of those aircraft is the best? The answer to that question is nobody knows. The thing is that the aircraft on paper can be different than aircraft in a real situation. When we are looking at theoretical models of the aircraft. There as drawings and officially published they might seem like miracles.  They might look almost too perfect. But the fact is different. Even if the aircraft is perfect, there is always something that pilots must learn. That thing is seen when they tested touch switches of F-35. Learning to use the new type of user interface takes time. The thing is that when the new concept of aircraft is entering service all personnel from pilots to ground support staff require training.  And when the new concepts like interaction with drones and AI-controlled self-protection are in use there are always errors in programs. The thing is that the brand new aircraft with brand new systems might not be ready for action. Duri...