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The Pioneer 10 flew to Jupiter in about a year. The Galileo probe used almost 2000 days for that journey. And the reason for that was simple. The Galileo probe was the orbital mission. And it should slow down its speed for reaching the orbiter.
The total flight time of the Galileo probe was more than six years. The reason for that is simple. Galileo's flight time to Jupiter was announced from the last gravitational assists.
While it made its mission, the Galileo probe made two gravitational assist flybys with Earth and one with Venus. As I wrote before. But is it possible to send the orbital probe to Jupiter or other planets in less than two years? There are two theoretical ways to make that thing.
1) Main craft makes the flyby and sends the parasite probes to orbital trajectory.
Sometimes is introduced an idea of an interplanetary or even interstellar mission is a combination of the flyby and orbital missions. The system includes two types of probes. The main probe would fly through the solar system at a very high speed. And its parasite- or sub-probes will send to orbital trajectories.
The idea is introduced in the "Daedalus" plan. The plan was to create a massive, unmanned probe that makes flyby of the planets or other stars. And during that flyby, it sends its smaller sub-probes that use ion or nuclear engines to slow down. In that version, the smaller probe uses nuclear thermal propulsion or some other power system, to decrease its speed to a level where it can reach the orbital trajectory.
"Daedalus" (Wikipedia, Project Daedalus) |
2) The other craft will dock to the main mission unit during the gravitational assist maneuver.
This idea is a little bit more conventional than "Daedalus". The idea is to use a similar mission profile to the "Galileo probe". The larger craft will put to make gravitational assist flybys to Earth and Venus. Then the smaller probe will drive at the front of the craft. And then the larger device that is loaded with gravitational energy will drive to catch up with the smaller probe.
The larger probe can fly between the Earth and Venus for many years. And then the other probe will dock to it. The reason, why the Galileo probe didn't use the sun as a gravitational sling. Is that the connection between the probe and mission control is cut. When it's on another side of the sun. But the modern artificial intelligence makes it possible that the probe can find Earth independently and re-establish a connection.
If we would use that gravitational sling with manned space missions. There is a problem that the crew must wait on Earth for a very long time before their docking capsule will launch.
When we are talking about the long-term space missions the crews are extremely well selected. Their social relations are the key element for mission success. And if one of those members will injure by accident that would be a catastrophe.
https://www.universetoday.com/128259/long-take-get-jupiter/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Daedalus
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