Mysteries of the world

"NASA’s Curiosity Rover has detected methane in Gale Crater on Mars, a surprising find as there are no signs of life on the planet. Scientists are exploring geological sources and seasonal patterns for these emissions, with methane levels showing unusual fluctuations and disappearing during the day. (Artist’s concept.) Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Martian Methane Baffles Scientists: Curiosity Rover’s Surprising Discovery) The Curiosity rover detected one very interesting thing about the methane gas flow on Mars. There is no sign of life. But that mysterious methene flow increases in night time, and then it decreases in the daytime. That means the methane acts opposite to the natural reaction. If there is some kind of natural thing like a mineral, that releases methene, this thing means that the reaction should accelerate when sunlight brings energy to the reaction. Maybe sunlight just destroys the methane molecule.  "Curiosity set out to answer the question: ...

Hydrogen is the simplest atom in the universe. It's the lightest element. And the thing is that the hydrogen will not decay. That process requires proton's decay and this is not confirmed. The red dwarfs brought the situation in front of researchers' eyes that those M (and K)-spectral class dwarfs are the oldest stars in the universe. Those quite cold stars are recycling hydrogen. When nuclear fusion in their core turns hydrogen to helium, those helium (or alpha) ions travel to the red dwarf's poles.  The magnetic field will transfer them to travel in the red dwarf radiation. That intensive infrared radiation destroys helium and releases protons from the nucleus. Then those protons trap electrons around them and this turns them into atomic hydrogen. This reaction is unique, and it happens only near M-spectral class stars. The radiation pressure or star wind from M-spectral class stars is so weak, that it cannot blow those helium atoms away. The tiny red dwarfs can have ...

The infinite discussion about the topic: "Are we alone in the universe"?continues maybe forever. Maybe the human descendants who look at the white dwarf that once been the Sun continue this discussion. And when our descendants move to another solar system.  They face the model that they turn aliens into each other. When the sun explodes a nova eruption is the final moment for our descendants that they must leave. Or they can let the sun destroy them. In that moment. The sun used all its fuel.  Before that moment the sun turns into a red giant, and maybe that species will move to a longer distance from the sun. That species will not be like humans at all. Genetic engineering and controlled evolution cause that. This futuristic species will not be like we are. We must wake up and think about the game theory. The idea of the Game theory is that all individuals and species want to maximize their benefits. The alien species should follow the game theory model. And they also want t...

All around the world, researchers work with things like waves- and other hydro-power solutions. In some cases, the wave power plant or the underwater hydropower plant can look like a saucer. Those saucers might involve turbogenerators that allow water to flow through them. The difference in pressure near the surface and deeper makes water flow through the plate. And that thing makes this system rotate the turbine wheel. These kinds of systems can deliver energy to any device that has access to that system's energy production.  There are even underwater windmills that harvest energy from ocean currents. The underwater hydro plants can deliver energy to underwater drones or other robots. Those robots can used to repair underwater cables, or there could be computer centers in underwater positions. Water offers clean, green, and free energy to those bases.  Those hydro plants can deliver energy to some underwater laboratories, or even highly classified military systems at the bott...

"The 2023 observation of supernova SN 2023ixf in the Pinwheel galaxy provided a unique chance to study cosmic ray production, but the expected gamma rays were not detected by NASA’s Fermi Telescope, indicating much lower energy conversion rates than anticipated. Credit: NASA" (SvitechDaily, Defying Expectations: NASA’s Fermi Sees No Gamma Rays From Nearby Supernova) Gamma rays are the most high-energy radiation in the universe. A supernova cannot form gamma rays itself. It forms them only. If there is a neutron star or black hole near it. The neutron star pulls material on it. And when high-energy plasma from a supernova hits the neutron star, that raises the energy level so high level that gamma rays can form.  NASA's Fermi satellite data uncovered. That there were no gamma rays near a supernova. The supernova cannot produce gamma rays. That differs from the hypothesis, that all high-energy reactions form gamma rays. Gamma rays are forming near colliding neutron stars ca...

"The location of the first three black holes discovered by ESA’s Gaia mission in the Milky Way. This map of our galaxy was also made by the Gaia mission. Gaia Black Hole 1 (BH1) is located just 1560 light-years away from us in the direction of the constellation Ophiuchus; Gaia BH2 is 3800 light-years away in the constellation Centaurus; Gaia BH3 is in the constellation Aquila, at a distance of 1926 light-years from Earth. In galactic terms, these black holes reside in our cosmic backyard. With a mass of about 33 times that of the Sun, BH3 is the heaviest black hole of stellar origin discovered in our galaxy. Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Surprised by Sleeping Giant – Most Massive Stellar Black Hole in Our Galaxy Found Lurking Nearby) The most massive stellar black hole in our galaxy lurks nearby.  The most massive stellar origin black hole is at a distance of about 1926 light years from the Earth. The black hole is about 33 times as  massive  as the Sun...

  "UC Irvine researchers have discovered that crucial brain waves for deep sleep, previously believed to be generated only by a specific brain circuit, also originate from the hippocampus, offering new insights into memory processing during sleep." (ScitechDaily, Researchers Discover New Origin of Deep Brain Waves) Researchers found the origin of the deep brain waves. That thing is in the special brain circuit in the hippocampus. Those deep brain waves are crucial for the brain. So they can fall into deep sleep. The brain needs also deep sleep because it helps to fill neurotransmitter storages. There can also be some kind of dreams in deep sleep period. But in that case, the memory is completely turned off.  That's a sad thing because while a person sleeps, the brain is in the most productive mode and the problem is how to turn that productivity into the thing that benefits society and individuals. The brain-computer interface can make images that researchers can see on a...

When the universe expands distance of particles and objects turns bigger. That makes the gravity effect weaker. Dark energy is the thing that affects the universe and increases its expansion speed.  But now researchers found that dark energy turns weaker all the time. That opens the door to the thing called: the Big Crunch. In that case, all material returns to the point, where the Big Bang happened.  Could the dark energy be some kind of Cherenkov radiation?  The problem is that if the dark energy origin is in the material or dark matter particles or Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMP) distances also turn longer when the universe expands. That means the density of dark energy turns lower and lower. Dark energy is a thing whose origin is unknown. WIMP may be the tachyon the hypothetical faster-than-light particle.  The speed of light is quite easy to cross. The speed of light in air is higher than the speed of light in water.  When a particle travels in ...

"New research shows galaxy age as the key factor in star motion, challenging older theories that highlighted environment or mass. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Astronomers Discover Unexpected Driver Behind Galactic Chaos) The thing that causes star formation in a galaxy is the disturbance in material. The plasma must form a whirl with the precise right size. If that whirl is too large the plasma turns into a black hole. If that whirl is too small. Energy blows it away. If the galaxy is too hot material cannot form stars. The density and temperature of the material must be right, or the supermassive black hole's radiation. Along with other energy denies the star formation.  The new observations tell about the form of dark matter. The dark matter interacts with the material through the gravity. And that gravitation forms the so-called Einstein ring around objects. Changes in the Einstein ring's shape tell about the material distribution in galaxies. And if th...

Israel uses AI to target combatants.  AI is cold, ruthless, and without emotions. That makes it an ultimate war machine. The AI can estimate things without any feelings. And that means nobody can affect it using emotional messages. This thing makes that tool the ultimate actor on the battlefield. Israeli military uses AI to track combatants. And things like face recognition make it almost impossible to hide from the AI.  The Israeli military says that the AI gives good results for the military. That means that AI has become a more common tool in the hands of authorities. The AI can find targets on the battlefield independently. It can aim weapons and launch them at those known targets without human control.  The fact is that small countries with small armies get more benefits from robot weapons than big armies. Things like automatized anti-tank missile sites that recognize their targets and then shoot missiles against those targets are the extended land mines. Those syste...

"A computer simulation of a possible Lyman-alpha forest configuration at z = 3" (Wikipedia, Lyman-alpha forest) All energy is wave movement. Wavelength determines the name of the energy, and there are four fundamental energy forms in the universe. Those four forces are strong- and weak nuclear forces, electromagnetism, and gravity. All energy forms or forces are interactions. And that's why their name is fundamental interaction. All of those forces have pulling and repelling forms.  In some models, dark matter is the source of dark energy. And the thing is that dark energy could interact with dark matter. In some models, the dark energy is a gravitational hole. The idea is that when waves travel their backside is at a higher level than their front side is. The wave pulls water upwards at that point water travels opposite to the wave. During that interaction, water transfers energy into that wave.  That raises the height of the wave. And the higher water level behind the w...

"Artist's illustration showing the life of a massive star as nuclear fusion converts lighter elements into heavier ones. When fusion no longer generates enough pressure to counteract gravity, the star rapidly collapses to form a black hole. Theoretically, energy may be released during the collapse along the axis of rotation to form a GRB." (Wikipedia, Gamma-ray burst) Can GRB form when regular material interacts with dark energy in extreme conditions near black holes? The black hole's intensive gravity its material disks, and the relativistic jet's energy can cause a situation near or inside a black hole dark energy interacts with visible material and other energy forms.  Can GRB form when regular material interacts with dark energy in extreme conditions near black holes? The black hole's intensive gravity its material disks, and the relativistic jet's energy can cause a situation near or inside a black hole dark energy interacts with visible material and ...

"Far-UVC light has proven highly effective in real-world settings at inactivating over 99% of airborne viruses in occupied spaces, as demonstrated by a Columbia University study, offering a practical and continuous disinfection solution that could surpass conventional ventilation systems in preventing airborne disease transmission. This technology, safe for human exposure, represents a significant advancement over traditional germicidal UVC methods, which require empty spaces to operate. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Columbia Study Proves Far-UVC Light Nearly Eradicates Airborne Viruses in Workspaces) Deep ultraviolet radiation destroys viruses from the air. That thing can help to control pandemics. Authorities can use Deep UV-C light to destroy things, like viruses in houses and quarantine areas. The UV-C light gives a cheap and effective way to destroy micro-organisms from layers and air. That thing will help to keep organisms away from offices and other places. ...

"The Carrington Event of 1859, a massive solar storm, was recently studied through radiocarbon concentrations in tree rings, revealing new insights into solar activity and its effects on Earth. (Artist’s concept.) Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Solar Storm Secrets Unveiled: Tree Ring Evidence From the 1859 Carrington Event) The Carrington event of 1859 was the strongest magnetic storm in history.   Researchers at the University of Helsinki research the extraordinarily strong magnetic, or solar storm from the year 1859. The case called Carrington Event was the most powerful solar storm in history. And the main question is what caused that corona mass eruption (CME)? Researchers try to find remnants of those particles from the trees of Finnish Lappland. And maybe they found an answer: what caused that unique, extraordinarily strong magnetic storm? Was it some kind of electromagnetic burst? Or was it some kind of antimatter particle? And why did that event happen only ...

"Researchers using the Chandra X-ray Observatory discovered that the supermassive black hole in quasar H1821+643 is less influential in controlling its surrounding gas and star formation than expected. (Artist’s concept.) Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Defying Expectations: The Quasar That’s Rewriting Galactic Rules) The quasar H1821+643 rewrites black holes and other material interactions in galaxies. The quasar H1821+643 interacts with its entirety, and that is a so-called dominating object. But dominance between that quasar end especially the supermassive black hole and its environment is lower. So the black hole doesn't dominate its environment as much as it predicted.  This means that black holes' spin can cause an effect that black hole spins empty. The situation means that a black hole creates a small area around it that isolates it from the environment. In that model, there is sometimes a vacuum near a black hole that the black hole is not in contact...