Can we find lifeforms in the icy moon's oceans, or in Venus's clouds?

"An artist’s rendition of Saturn’s moon Enceladus depicts hydrothermal activity on the seafloor and cracks in the moon’s icy crust that allow material from the watery interior to be ejected into space. New research shows that instruments destined for the next missions could find traces of a single cell in a single ice grain contained in a plume. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech" (ScitechDaily, Astrobiological Breakthrough: Detecting Life in the Ice Grains of Outer Moons)

The next step in the search for extraterrestrial lifeforms is to search them in the ice grains of the icy moons. The icy geysers can send ice grains into the gas giant's orbiter. And those ice grains can involve the alien bacteria's DNA. It's possible. Those icy moons are not habitable.

But when we think about the possibility of finding some kind of lifeforms on those moons, Or, the lifeforms can rather be found in those moons' icy oceans. The DNA-based lifeforms might not be similar to bacteria on Earth.

"The drawing on the left depicts Enceladus and its ice-covered ocean, with cracks near the south pole that are believed to penetrate through the icy crust. The middle panel shows where authors believe life could thrive: at the top of the water, in a proposed thin layer (shown yellow) like on Earth’s oceans. The right panel shows that as gas bubbles rise and pop, bacterial cells could get lofted into space with droplets that then become the ice grains that were detected by Cassini. Credit: European Space Agency" (ScitechDaily, Astrobiological Breakthrough: Detecting Life in the Ice Grains of Outer Moons)

Things like RNA and DNA-type self-replicating molecules can act like lifeforms. Or they can just make copies of themselves. Those molecular von Neumann machines can create copies of themselves. But they might not make anything else. If there are self-replicating molecules, That means those things don't leave a mark on the metabolism.

The plasma spectrometers are tools. That can find the DNA or RNA in the areas around those moons. And if there are some lifeforms, They are very primitive. That means those primitive organisms can be far from things that we know from Earth.

"MIT researchers have found that amino acids — major building blocks for life on Earth — are stable in highly concentrated sulfuric acid. Their results support the idea that these same molecules may be stable in Venus’ highly sulfuric clouds. Credit: JAXA/J. J. Petkowski" (ScitechDaily, Life on Venus? MIT’s “Absolutely Surprising” Discovery of Amino Acid Stability)

Can there hover some kind of lifeforms in Venus' clouds?

When somebody makes a model of Venus and its conditions, they sometimes forget that Venus' atmosphere is mainly carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide. Conditions on that planet are different from those on Earth, and hovering in the carbon dioxide atmosphere is much easier than in Earth's atmosphere.

The oxygen balloon will rise in that atmosphere as a helium balloon rises on Earth. Hypothetical lifeforms can hover in Venus' atmosphere by separating carbon from carbon dioxide. The surface is too hot for lifeforms, but the clouds can be suitable for some archaebacteria.

Life on Venus is impossible, if we mean lifeforms on that planet's surface. But in the mountainous areas. And in Venus' clouds can hover over some lifeforms. Those lifeforms can be procaryotes that can hover in those clouds. Astronomer Carl Sagan introduced medusa-looking lifeforms that could hover in gas giants like Jupiter's atmosphere.

But in some models, hypothetical hovering lifeforms are smaller than human cells. Those hovering lifeforms can use oxygen gas tanks to hover in Venus' carbon dioxide atmosphere. The creature must just separate carbon from carbon dioxide. And then it can hover in Venus' clouds using the oxygen.

https://scitechdaily.com/astrobiological-breakthrough-detecting-life-in-the-ice-grains-of-outer-moons/

https://scitechdaily.com/clouds-of-venus-could-have-conditions-conducive-to-microbial-life/

https://scitechdaily.com/purported-phosphine-an-indicator-of-life-on-venus-more-likely-to-be-ordinary-sulfur-dioxide/

The hydrogen-burning supernovas are interesting models.

"Researchers discovered a significant magnesium anomaly in a meteorite’s dust particle, challenging current astrophysical models and suggesting new insights into hydrogen-burning supernovas. (Artist’s concept.)Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Rare Dust Particle From Ancient Extraterrestrial Meteorite Challenges Astrophysical Models) If the star is too heavy when its fusion reaction starts, it can detonate just at that moment, when its fusion starts. If the collapsing nebula is heavy enough, it can form a black hole straight from the nebula. But if the nebula's gravity is too heavy to form the blue giant or too small it can collapse straight into a black hole . If the forming star is a little bit larger than the blue supergiants. It can explode immediately when the fusion starts. The theory of hydrogen-burning supernovas consists model of the giant stars that explode immediately after their fusion starts. When the...

The ancient galaxy mirrors the Milky Way.

"This image shows the galaxy REBELS-25 as seen by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), overlaid on an infrared image of other stars and galaxies. The infrared image was taken by ESO’s Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA). In a recent study, researchers found evidence that REBELS-25 is a strongly rotating disc galaxy existing only 700 million years after the Big Bang. This makes it the most distant and earliest known Milky Way-like galaxy found to date. Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/L. Rowland et al./ESO/J. Dunlop et al. Ack.: CASU, CALET" (ScitechDaily, Astronomers Baffled by Ancient Galaxy That Mirrors Modern Milky Way) Researchers found the youngest Milky Way-type galaxy. The distance to the galaxy is enormous. And the light that comes from that galaxy named REBELS-25 comes from the Universe that is only 700 million years old. The distance to that galaxy is enormous about 236 billion light years. And that means it's a very dista...

Transcendence, or the ability to transcendent thinking may grow in teen's brains.

"New research has discovered that transcendent thinking, which involves analyzing the broader implications of situations, can foster brain growth in adolescents. This form of thinking enhances brain network coordination, impacting developmental milestones and future life satisfaction. The study emphasizes the need for education that encourages deep, reflective thought, underscoring the critical role of adolescents in their own brain development". (ScitechDaily, Scientists Discover That “Transcendent” Thinking May Grow Teens’ Brains) "Scientists at USC Rossier School of Education’s Center for Affective Neuroscience, Development, Learning and Education (CANDLE) have discovered that adolescents who grapple with the bigger meaning of social situations experience greater brain growth, which predicts stronger identity development and life satisfaction years later". (ScitechDaily, Scientists Discover That “Transcendent” Thinking May Grow Teens’ Brains) The transcendenc...

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