Why did many scientists refuse to believe that black holes are real?

Above: Einstein's big mistake was that. He believed that the information could vanish. Information is one energy form. And material and energy are together. The law of indestructibility of matter determines that energy and material cannot just vanish. Wave-particle duality means that the energy can transform into material. And the material can transform into energy. The energy or wave movement can turn to some other wave movement if there is something, that can change the wavelength of the radiation. That means it's theoretically possible to turn gravity waves into some other wave movements by adjusting those wave's wavelengths. 

This is one of the most interesting things in history. Many brilliant scientists, including Albert Einstein, refused to believe that black holes could exist. The black holes were proven when researchers found a supermassive black hole in the Milky Way's core. And then. Those ultimate objects found quite a usual phenomenon. When researchers noticed all galaxies are the supermassive black hole's transition disks. One of the reasons why black holes seem very unusual thing is this. 

When light falls into a black hole, the object's escaping velocity must be higher than the speed of light. That thing fought against the Theory of Special Relativity. If the escaping velocity is higher than the speed of light. That means objects drop into a black hole faster than the speed of light. And the cornerstone in the Theory of Special Relativity is this. Nothing can travel faster than the speed of light. 

The classical error that Einstein made is that he believed that material and radiation disappear in the black hole. The black hole cannot destroy information. Information itself cannot vanish, but a black hole can change its form into something else. Or it can push information into the fourth dimension, where the difference between particles inside the black hole and their environment's energy levels is so high, that those particles cannot exchange information between them and 3D particles. Or the black holes store information in themselves. 

In the time of Albert Einstein researchers believed that the universe was straight. And that caused an effect, where nothing cannot travel faster than a photon. Today we know that there is no straight universe. Around every single particle is the hole. And the pothole that travels forward of the particle pulls it behind it. That energy pothole is the graviton. 

The gravitation might have field- and particle-interaction forms. In the first case, an electromagnetic shadow in the particle pulls a quantum field into it. In particle-affecting form, gravitational radiation forms the structure in the Higgs field that pushes particles to the gravitational center. 

When Einstein lived, there were no quasiparticles. Those things could help to make models about gravity waves. During Einstein's lifetime, there were no gravity waves either. Those waves could tell that gravity is radiation. The energy shadow in material pulls quantum fields into them. And another thing is that gravitation is radiation. If we take that thing as the model the radiation that reflects from the particle forms the pothole at the front of it. Then the energy back from the particle pushes it forward. 

So could gravitational radiation form the quasiparticle in other particles? That thing means that gravitation can affect through fields and between particles. This means that we might have two gravitations. The field-effective and particle-effective versions might seem the same. But those gravitational models are different. 

https://www.bbc.co.uk/future/article/20240619-why-albert-einstein-rejected-black-holes-singularities-illustrated-story

Tachyons, theoretical faster-than-light particles, change everything that we know about physics.

"Research on tachyons, particles theorized to move faster than light, has progressed significantly, revealing that prior inconsistencies within quantum mechanics stemmed from inadequate boundary conditions. A new framework, considering both past and future states, not only resolves these issues but suggests a novel type of quantum entanglement and positions tachyons as central to the formation of matter via Higgs field excitations. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, 

The particle can move faster as long as energy travels in it. We know that when a particle closes the speed of light, it turns shorter. Then quantum field jumps out from the particle. And energy starts to travel out from it. Theoretical tachyon particles can travel faster than light, but the particle must have a shape, that allows that energy to continue to travel into the particle, even if it travels faster than photons. 

The energy bag in Tachyon could aim energy into its shell. The Tachyon can harness that energy from the Higgs field. When the Higgs field presses itself into the particle. That forms a situation where energy travels into the particle in a larger area than the particle releases it. The inner energy field presses against the outer energy field. That thing denies the effect that destroys particles. 

So could the reason why Tachyon could do that thing? Travel faster than the speed of the light.  In theoretical WARP drive the craft explodes antimatter in it. When it reaches the speed of light. That incoming energy would compensate for the energy that travels out from the craft's shell. The incoming energy should raise the craft's energy level so high, that it can transport craft faster-than-light speed. 

The complex internal structure in the Tachyon can compensate for the energy loss at the point of the speed of light. When that internal structure transports energy to the particle's shell its energy level can start to rise even if it reaches the speed of light. 

When the speed of a particle rises there forms a so-called nose or energy hill at the front of the particle. That conducts the quantum field past the particle, and it causes energy loss in the critical moment. The nose makes a quantum field acting like a sonic boom or sonic pressure wave around the aircraft. It pulls the energy wave out from the particle's shell. 

If two particles impact near the speed of light that can cause energy to rise so high, that it matches the speed that is higher than the speed of light. 

The energy hill, that is at the energy pothole can make the energy travel to the Tachyon. In some models, the energy hill (the nose) at the front of the tachyon can separate from it. That thing can form a small particle that travels at the front of the particle. The particles travel in lines, and then the electromagnetic, or, quantum shadow behind the first particle will make the other particle travel faster behind it. 

Maybe there is the energy hill in the tachyon. The hill can form when the energy jumps away from the front of the particle. That electromagnetic vacuum pulls the back of the tachyon forward. And that thing forms the nose of the particle. If impacting energy from the front of the particle has the right energy level, that nose conducts energy to the particle. That energy hill makes the Tachyon look a little bit like a jet engine. 

Then the first particle will transfer energy to the following particle's shell. Or it can slow its speed, and then the following particle impacts the leading particle. And that causes necessary energy impulses at the speed of light. 

The thing that makes a tachyon a faster-than-light object could be that there is a hole or pothole in the tachyon's shell. That pothole in tachyon traps the quantum field inside the tachyon structure. That energy pothole in the Tachyon harvests energy. And that thing conducts energy impulses from inside the tachyon into its shell. 

The energy pothole at the particle's shell can conduct energy to the particle's shell. That structure conducts energy from the front of the particle inside it. Then the energy pothole or energy pack sends energy impulses to the particle's shell. 

Or in some other model, there could be a pothole in the hypothetical tachyon particle. When we think of that model. There is the energy hill at the bottom of the pothole. The energy hill rises until it touches the quantum field that is trapped in that pothole. When the energy hill touches the energy layer, it conducts energy to the Tachyon. 

This model can explain why crossing the speed of light is so difficult. The system must only deny energy flow out from particles in critical moments. If that thing is done, faster-than-light travel is possible.  

https://scitechdaily.com/faster-than-a-speeding-photon-how-tachyons-challenge-modern-physics/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon

Hubble unmasks the secrets of dark matter.

"A long-term Hubble Space Telescope study of the Draco dwarf galaxy’s stars suggests dark matter is concentrated at the galaxy’s center, supporting the density cusp theory. This finding challenges earlier observations and improves our understanding of dark matter’s role in galaxy formation. (Artist’s concept.) Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Hubble Unmasks Universe’s “Invisible Glue” – Stellar Motions Reveal Dark Matter Secrets)

Dark matter is a gravitational phenomenon, "cosmic glue" whose origin is unknown.  The dark matter or dark gravitational interaction is the second dominating effect in the universe.  And we know that gravity is the thing, that glues dark matter to visible material. In some theories, dark matter is the thing, that is involved in all material. 

The idea is that the expansion of the universe causes the expansion of atoms' quantum fields. That thing makes the quantum-level low pressure in atoms and subatomic particles. The expansion creates a shadow or small quantum low pressure behind the superstrings, that form the particle. 

When we think the dark matter it's possible that matter turns "dark" when it releases its energy faster than otherwise. That thing can happen at the edge of the universe. When energy level decreases faster than in other universes, that causes the effect, where material aging faster. So, maybe we can spread this model to the space that is near galaxies. At the edge of the galaxy, the temperature of the material changes very sharply. This can partially explain why researchers can't see dark matter.

It's possible, that weakly interacting massive particles, WIMP can send energy mainly in some other form than infrared, IR frequency. That means there is a possibility, that WIMP sends only gravity waves. Or, it can send mainly other types of radiation than IR radiation. 

If WIMP sends only radio, or gamma-rays we cannot see that thing using the IR sensor. The WIMP can send mainly gamma, gravitational, or radio waves. And that means, it can have the ability to transform radiation that hits it to another frequency.

The idea is that when WIMP whose energy is in a different form than heat is near strong IR objects, the strong IR object can cover the WIMP. In this model, the size of the WIMP is so small or so large, that it releases its energy in the form of radio- or some other "cold radiation". If WIMP releases its energy mainly in the form of gamma- or radio waves or it releases pure gravity radiation other bright objects like black holes can cover that material's existence. Especially if those WIMP particles are packed near galaxies or quasars. The WIMP interacts through gravity. Which means that those particles are also near gravity centers. 

In the tame way, when a particle travels out from the galaxy energy travels out of it faster. That can cause a suddenly forming gravitational effect, that is stronger than it should. If dark matter is a phenomenon that is visible in the border zones where the energy level between spaces decreases very fast, that explains some part of dark matter. A galaxy and its halo are very high-energy targets it's hard to see lower energy particles around it. 

The fact is, around the atom are multiple different quantum fields. When those quantum fields expand because of the expansion of the universe there is forming an electromagnetic low pressure, that pulls the quantum field to the atom. 

The outcoming energy causes oscillation and some of that energy travels into atoms. Their subatomic particles absorb that energy. And before an atom can send radiation, its energy level must rise higher than incoming radiation. That means the atom stores energy before it sends it. And reflection is not perfect. When energy travels into atoms, it cannot reach the center of the core. That forms electromagnetic- or quantum shadow, that pulls outcoming energy into the atom. In some models, dark matter would be an atom. Whose energy level is lower than other atoms.  

https://scitechdaily.com/hubble-unmasks-universes-invisible-glue-stellar-motions-reveal-dark-matter-secrets/

Which came first: black holes or stars?

"This set of illustrations explains how a large black hole can form from the direct collapse of a massive cloud of gas within a couple of hundred million years after the Big Bang. Cold streams of gas can lead to the direct collapse of a "seed" black hole of several tens of thousands (at least) of solar masses, which can form even prior to any stars forming in the surrounding young galaxy. As the galaxy and black hole grow, eventually the stellar mass content will outweigh the more slowly-growing black hole. This is strongly favored, observationally, over the primordial black hole scenario." (BigThink, Ask Ethan: Did black holes form directly from the Big Bang?)

In theoretical models, there were so-called primordial black holes in the universe's dark ages. Those primordial black holes formed the quantum dots in energy flow. After that, the Schwinger effect, or wave-particle duality, formed the first particles from crossing whirls in the radiation field. Those primordial black holes were so-called  "Kugelblitz" black holes. So, primordial black holes formed straight from energy or wave movement. 

Dark energy can form Kugelblitz black holes. 

The term "Kugelblitz" (or "Kugelblitz black hole")  means a theoretical black hole, that formed straight from the wave movement. Theoretically, all wave movement including dark energy and gravity waves can form the Kugelblitz. 

The idea of the "Kugelblitz" black holes is that all wave movement can form Kugelblitz. And if we follow this route, the dark energy can also form Kugelblitz black holes. When we think about the black hole formation, the black hole can form around almost every object. The requirement is that the environment around the object is stable enough, that it can pull enough material around it. The requirement is that the object is so massive. 

That it can eliminate the outcoming radiation effect. Outside the galaxy clusters, the environment is very static. In that static environment, the object can collect material around it, and if the fusion reactions do not begin the mass can transform into a black hole, if the starwind or some other cosmic phenomenon will not blow the material away. Same way if the interplanetary nebula collapses too fast, or some massive stars collide, that can form a situation, where the object turns into a black hole. 

Quasi-stars (or black hole stars): the enormous theoretical energy sources from the early universe. The intermediate-mass black holes could be remnants of the quasi-stars. And the researchers confirmed that the Omega Centauri hosts an intermediate-class black hole. And that proved those black hole-types existence. 

The reason why the intermediate class black holes are interesting is, that they can tell how large stars can be. The supermassive black holes can form when the interplanetary or interstellar nebula collapses. The intermediate black holes can form when the blue "O" or "B" type massive stars collide with some other massive stars. Or the collision can happen between two stellar class black holes or neutron stars. 

In some interesting models, the neutron star falls into the star. A neutron star will pull the star against it. And that energy can press it into the black hole. If the star's shell orbits the black hole at a very high speed it can form a so-called quasi-star.

Quasi-star is the star that gets its energy from black holes. It's possible, that qausistars existed in a young universe.  And Omega Centauri's intermediate-mass black hole supports that theory. 

"A spiraling wind helps the supermassive black hole in galaxy ESO320-G030 to grow, assisted by magnetic fields. In this illustration, the core of the galaxy is dominated by a rotating wind of dense gas leading outwards from the (hidden) supermassive black hole at the galaxy’s very center. The motions of the gas, traced by light from molecules of hydrogen cyanide have been measured with the ALMA telescope. Credit: M.D. Gorski/Aaron Geller/Northwestern University/CIERA." (ScitechDaily, Magnetic Winds Drive Supermassive Black Hole Growth in Nearby Galaxy)

The magnetic fields and material feed black holes. 

The black hole is in its gravitational pothole. The pothole is very deep. And that's why black holes are not moving quite easily. The thing that makes objects move is the asymmetry in the pothole around particles. The asymmetry causes the energy pothole to start to travel through the universe, and the particle follows the pothole. 

A black hole grows if it gets more energy than it releases. The magnetic fields and magnetic winds pump energy into the material disk and black hole's halo. That process makes the black hole grow. Black holes pull material and wave movement inside them. And when that wave movement travels through that material and transition disk it increases its energy level. A black hole grows as long as its halo and material disk pumps energy into it. When the energy level in the material disk and halo turns lower than in the black hole, the black hole turns smaller. 

This thing is one of the reasons, why the black hole is so special and why it looks like what it looks. The energy asymmetry in the structures around black holes press the black hole, like a hand, that presses a balloon there is a little bit of water. If the hand presses the balloon in the middle of it, that means water travels to both sides of the hand. That means the fields inside the event horizon look like the dumbbell. That structure is one of the reasons why black holes send so-called relativistic jets. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/black-holes-direct-big-bang/

.https://scitechdaily.com/magnetic-winds-drive-supermassive-black-hole-growth-in-nearby-galaxy/

.https://scitechdaily.com/omega-centauri-a-galaxy-core-frozen-in-time-reveals-its-black-hole/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugelblitz_(astrophysics)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_classification

Can a Roman telescope find dark matter?

"Sometimes, stars can be stripped away from globular clusters as they orbit a massive galaxy. Researchers have identified several instances in our own Milky Way galaxy – and they’ve also spotted gaps between these looping tendrils. What caused those gaps? One possibility: a substance known as dark matter. Following the launch of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, astronomers will use its vast, high-definition images to spot many more tidal streams – and potentially their accompanying gaps – in nearby galaxies for the first time. " (ScitechDaily, Can NASA’s Roman Space Telescope Unlock the Secrets of Dark Matter?)

"A prime candidate is our neighbor, the Andromeda galaxy, which appears in the illustration above. Soon, not only will researchers be able to identify tidal streams in Andromeda, they may also be able to use Roman’s fine resolution to pinpoint more properties of this mysterious substance. Credit: NASA, Joseph Olmsted (STScI)"  (ScitechDaily, Can NASA’s Roman Space Telescope Unlock the Secrets of Dark Matter?)

 Can a Roman telescope find dark matter? That is a good question. The Roman telescope has very much potential. But the problem is that there are no perfect models for dark matter. If we want to model weakly interacting massive particle WIMP, we can use the sombrero model. The gravity pothole of WIMP would be too deep, and the energy hill at the middle of the sombrero would be too low. 

If the top of the WIMP's energy hill is lower than the edge of the gravity pothole. That makes the particle invisible. 

If we want to make a 2D model of particle-Higgs field interaction we can say, that because the top of the particle is above the bottom, that thing pulls energy through the particle. And that thing makes the gravity around the particle. 

The particle is in the middle of a gravity pothole which is a "hole" in the Higgs field. When the particle touches the Higgs field, it pulls energy from the field into it. That effect forms the gravity- or energy pothole around the particle. 

Image: CERN

Above: If the particle is in the middle of the gravity pothole. Or energy pothole in the Higgs field. The particle is visible only if it rises above the edge of the gravity pothole. The particle's energy level can rise until the center hill or energy hill turns out of balance. 

The thing that makes particles move is the asymmetry in the pothole. One of the things that can cause the asymmetry is the energy pothole that touches the gravity pothole around the particle. The graviton is the pothole forward of the particle, and the pothole pulls the particle forward. 

Theoretical superstrings could be chains of theoretical quantum-size black holes. 

We can think, that the superstrings can form elementary particles. It's possible. The superstrings can be quantum-size black hole chains. Those quantum-size black holes can explain why things like electrons spin 1/2.

The idea is that when a particle turns forward. There is an asymmetry in the transition disk around the quantum-size black hole. Those quantum-size black holes could be far smaller than quark or gluon. The transition disk around them is like a string. And when the hypothetical structure moves forward. That effect forms a quantum vacuum behind that structure. That vacuum pulls the particle backward. 

The hypothetical quantum-size black holes can explain why the particles send energy as they burst. If those quantum-size black holes exist, they can form the quantum-size Tesla coils that can send radiation, which we call "gravitation". 

Energy travels to the top of the particle through the superstrings that form the particle. The energy that the particle pulls grows and finally destroys it. And the reason for that is the standing wave or the electric arc in the particle or somewhere in its structure makes it oscillate. If that structure sends the wave movement that we call the gravitational waves. We can think that the structure is not homogenous. 

There could be plate-looking structures in the superstrings. And if that thing is true, that can prove the quantum-size black hole's existence. In some wild hypotheses, those superstrings that are the smallest known objects in the universe are the chains of quantum-size black holes. Proving that thing is quite difficult. But because gravitation affects long distances. 

That thing means there are some identical structures in all particles. The energy that those structures send pushes the Higgs field away from the particle. This means that gravity is field-effective. The field pulls objects into the gravity centers. 

https://cerncourier.com/a/one-higgs-three-discoveries/

https://scitechdaily.com/can-nasas-roman-space-telescope-unlock-the-secrets-of-dark-matter/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_field_(classical)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstring_theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

We create aliens when we create intelligent machines.

"A brain in a vat that believes it is walking" (Wikipedia, Brain in a vat)

Dreams of artificial brains are not always positive, but they are not always negative. 

Mini-brain research can help people who have brain injuries or some other anomalies in the brain. In some models, people, who live with anomalies in their brains will get cloned neurons to fix those errors. The problem is that the system must transmit the data from lost neurons to those new neurons. 

The reason why we say that neurons don't renew is this: when the neuron is destroyed all its data is gone. It's possible to use nanotechnology to store data from human brains. In that case on the neuron's shell is a nano-size microchip. That stores electric actions in the neuron. This makes it possible to transfer information from one neuron to another neuron.  

The Swiss company connected lab-grown mini-brains to the new type of computer. It's also possible that researchers can grow mini-brains of the same size as human brains. 

In laboratories, mini-brains normally grow without stimulation. The lack of stimulation means that the neurons will not make the connections. 

Researchers grow brains in the lab. The question is: can those brains become conscious? Sometimes people suggest the answer is like this: because there are no eyes or ears, nothing comes in or out. Neurons will not make connections without stimulation.  If we think of this as a rule, we face another problem. The problem is that it's possible to transmit information into those mini-brains. 

In some research, the mini-brains are used to cooperate with microchips. Those microchips are called an "organic neural network". Artificial neural networks can involve organic parts. Those organic parts can be the living neurons that cooperate with the microchips. Those organic systems need nutrients.  

Source: Tom's Hardware

Chinese researchers used cloned neurons to control the robot. Some books introduced a model that in future laboratories artificial brains, created by cloned neurons are under the dome where there is a life support system to keep that thing alive. Those cloned brains control the computers using the BCI systems. The cloned brains can connected to a network, that allows them to interconnect themselves. That kind of system can turn very intelligent. 

In some visions, the interstellar probes where living brains control the craft can be the first systems that travel to Alpha Centauri. These kinds of probes can be more intelligent than humans. The artificial brains can make copies of themselves, and transmit data to the next-generation system. That thing allows them to turn immortal. 

And that forces us to re-estimate the intelligence. In some visions, the UFOs are the ultimate robot-neuron hybrids. The idea is that the interstellar cloned brains can control the spacecraft. And the spacecraft itself is intelligent. And those humanoids are the robots. That the craft controls. 

When we create thinking machines we create intelligent creatures. The problem is that the intelligent machines can make many things. And some of those things can be a surprise. When we create intelligent machines we create aliens. And the thing is that we must think about things that we want. We must also think about things that we need. If we create intelligent things, we must realize that those creatures exist when we make them. An intelligent creature that turns conscious realizes its existence exists even if we want to remove it. 

The problem with the AI is that we made it. It makes life easier, but it causes social problems. We think about things like unemployment and other kinds of things. Why cannot we transfer our work to robots? The unemployed people can get the citizen's salary. And that can solve the problem. But then we can think about things like attitudes and the base of our society. Can we turn into a society where people are not going to work? Are problems with AI real problems, or are they because of attitudes? 

https://futurism.com/neoscope/mini-brains-human-tissue-living-computer

https://futurism.com/neoscope/neuroscientist-lab-grown-brains-consciousness

https://www.tomshardware.com/pc-components/cpus/worlds-first-bioprocessor-uses-16-human-brain-organoids-for-a-million-times-less-power-consumption-than-a-digital-chip

Quantum tornadoes and black holes put gravitation into motion.

"Researchers at the University of Nottingham, along with King’s College London and Newcastle University, have created a quantum vortex within superfluid helium to simulate black hole conditions. This experimental setup allowed them to study tiny surface waves and their interactions in superfluid helium, revealing how these conditions resemble the gravitational forces near black holes, offering insights into quantum fields in curved spacetimes." (ScitechDaily, New Quantum “Tornado” Experiments Challenge Our Understanding of Black Holes)

The synthetic dimension means. The energy level in wave movement or environment will turn so high that they form space, that acts as a higher dimension. In the case that we want to create the synthetic  4th. That is more difficult than just increasing the energy level in some wave movement or hologram.  The synthetic fourth dimension is 

When a black hole supercharges energy in the middle of the black hole, that energy forms the energy tower. The term "fourth dimension" means a situation, where a particle's energy level rises so high, that it cannot interact with the three-dimensional particles and energy fields. 

That means: straight interaction between the four-dimensional object and the three-dimensional environment is impossible. But when we think about the situation. 

Where some kind of energy tower is below the 4 and 3-dimensional objects. The interactions between dimensions or energy layers are possible through that energy tower. The outcoming energy that the black hole pulls into it keeps that energy tower in its form.

In black holes, the outcoming energy and material push the material in the middle of the event horizon into so high energy level that the black hole pushes or squeezes material into the 4th. dimension. 

That process continues until the black hole is in the space void or vacuum, and in that case, the energy starts to flow back from the black hole. 

The reason why the material cannot just start to vaporize is that the black hole or area in the event horizon is like an onion. When energy starts to flow back from the black hole's core it must travel through the lower energy layers, and each of those layers will pull a little bit of energy out from the energy wave. 

The black hole is like a sombrero. The energy hill in the black hole involves a structure. That is like a tornado. That structure transports energy out from the energy hill.  And it moves energy out from the black hole. 

"Deep learning empowers light manipulation in a synthetic dimension. Credit: Xia, Lei, et al., doi 10.1117/1.AP.6.2.026005." (ScitechDaily, Unlocking the Fourth Dimension: How Synthetic Dimensions Are Redefining Physics)

The collapse of a black hole means that the energy tower that connects it with the fourth dimension collapses. And that thing cuts the energy pothole that forms the black hole. 

The difference between energy levels on the bottom of the energy ditch and its outer layer is extremely high. The reason, why we cannot see the material in the black hole is that the energy hill in the middle of that pothole is too low. 

And the thing. What causes the destruction is the collapse of the energy hill. That thing should make the energy pothole fill. 

But it's possible that when the energy hill collapses and the structure rotates there forms an energy tornado in the middle of that structure. The outcoming energy field closes that tornado inside it. It's possible. The quantum tornadoes and vacuums inside it keep atoms and subatomic particles in their form. 

If a black hole is too small there is the possibility that energy starts to flow out from it very fast. That thing causes an effect that the substitute energy cannot flow inside the event horizon. The effect causes a situation that forms an energy vacuum in the event horizon. That energy vacuum pulls energy out from the black hole's core so fast that the energy tower in the black hole collapses. 

When that energy tower collapses that cuts the energy pothole. And that is the thing. That destroys the black hole, as I wrote before. 

One of the remarkable things about dimensions is this. When a particle jumps into the fourth dimension it leaves the hole behind it. The hole is the energy ditch. That surrounds the energy tower in the pothole. And the reason why it's so hard to perceive this structure is that it's hard to model a ball-shaped pothole. 

"These photos were taken with a scanning tunneling microscope. Left: bismuth fractal (yellow) formed on top of indium antimonide (brown). The individual atoms are visible here. Right: the local density of electrons in a fractal. Credit: Utrecht University" (ScitechDaily, Quantum Breakthrough: 1.58 Dimensions Unlock Zero-Loss Energy Efficiency)

Synthetic dimensions are the next-generation tools. 

Photonic manipulation and AI  can create artificial dimensions. The photon itself cannot turn into a long-term black hole. Gravity is the small energy pothole that is at the front of a photon or some other particle. 

But photonic manipulation makes it possible to create synthetic dimensions. And the synthetic dimensions can be the ultimate tool for new quantum solutions. The ability to make a high-energy photonic cloud around the object means. 

That there is an energy ditch around the object. Those photons form the energy towers below them, and those energy towers form the energy ditch. That can make it possible to create protective fields. When outcoming energy hits that field, the black hole photon pulls the energy in it. 

The high-energy radiation or wave movement field acts like pressure. That thing can form a situation. That there is no energy loss in the electric system. That means it's possible to create the superconduction using the synthetic dimensions. But that thing requires so much power, that it's not otherwise economical. 

There is zero energy emission in the 1,58 dimension. That means that there are no limits to information travel. The energy emission means the information leaks from the system. These kinds of things can be the next-generation tools for the quantum systems. 

https://scitechdaily.com/new-quantum-tornado-experiments-challenge-our-understanding-of-black-holes/

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-breakthrough-1-58-dimensions-unlock-zero-loss-energy-efficiency/

https://scitechdaily.com/unlocking-the-fourth-dimension-how-synthetic-dimensions-are-redefining-physics/

Shadow of the gravity.

Gravity is like a shadow in atoms and subatomic structures. That shadow forms in the quantum field interaction around atoms and their internal structures. When the quantum field around particles oscillates it pulls a little bit from the Higgs field into it.  The idea is that a gravity wave is the energy ditch that travels in the Higgs field. The wave that follows the ditch can be long but low. 

And if the energy wave that follows this ditch is long and low, that makes an effect, that looks like a traveling energy ditch. When a particle drops in that energy ditch, it must release so much energy that it can jump out from the energy ditch. In that case, the energy level in the energy ditch turns higher, and the wave travels slower. 

The difference in energy levels at the top of the wave and the bottom of the ditch determines the power of this effect. Gravitation itself is hard to detect because energy travels into the ditch. When an energy wave or string travels into the energy ditch's bottom it releases its energy. The energy seems to hover between that energy string and the wave. The speed of the string slows, and then it melts with a wave. The energy that the string released is like a hum. 

And then the wave eats both of those things. The direction of the energy transfer determines if the observer can see the thing. In an energy ditch, the energy level is lower than its environment. That means energy travels to that ditch. The wave that follows the ditch is at a higher energy level than the environment. And that means that the observer can see the wave, but it cannot see the ditch ahead of the wave. 

In a real universe, multiple waves travel in different directions. Sometimes the waves cross and the only ditch will touch another wave. That pulls energy out from the wave. It's possible. That the wave, that follows the ditch will turn very low. And that forms a situation that looks traveling ditch. 

That means graviton is the particle, that forms when two gravity waves impact. That effect forms that, still hypothetical, particle in the crossing point of the gravity fields. In some models, the graviton is the energy ditch in the Higgs field. In that case, the graviton is invisible and impossible to see. 

Above: Sombrero model. The wimp should be so massive particle. That it just is too deep in the sombrero. If the ditch around the particle is too deep, we cannot see the particle. That means the energy vacuum around the weakly interacting massive particle or wimp makes it invisible because the energy hill where the particle is cannot turn higher than the edge of the energy ditch. 

Or actually, gravitation is the pothole at the front of the particle. The pothole pulls particles ahead. Same way the lower water level at the front of the wave pulls the wave forward. 

The energy can travel also into the atom's core from the electron shells. And also particles in atom cores send radiation or wave movement. A little bit of that energy is stored in subatomic particles' superstrings and quantum fields. That thing forms an energy shadow in the atom's nucleus. The thing that supports this model is that the energy level and the mass of objects interact same way.  

The energy shadow between particles causes a situation where an outcoming energy field starts to push particles and radiation into that shadow. That means gravitation is a field-effecting force. The field is like a river that pulls particles with it. 

The high-power energy field makes the energy shadow deeper. Same way large particles are massive or their gravity effect is strong because there is a deeper energy shadow in their core. The difference between energy levels in that energy shadow and outside energy fields determines how far the Higgs field starts to travel at that point. 

The reason why dense objects have powerful gravity fields is that there is a deep energy shadow in that particle. The difference between energy levels in that shadow and its environment determines how powerful gravitation can be. Around the black holes is a halo and material disks that pump energy into that object. The temperature in the halo is extremely powerful. And that increases the difference between energy levels in and out of the event horizon. 

https://scitechdaily.com/beyond-the-big-bang-decoding-dark-matter-and-cosmic-mysteries-with-gravitational-waves/

https://www.zmescience.com/science/higgs-boson-10-year/

The fifth force didn't cause Muon G-2 anomaly.

"Individual and composite particles can possess both orbital angular momentum and intrinsic (spin) angular momentum. When these particles have electric charges either within or intrinsic to them, they generate magnetic moments, causing them to be deflected by a particular amount in the presence of a magnetic field and to precess by a measurable amount." (BigThink, New theoretical calculation solves the “muon g-2” puzzle)

The Muon G-2 anomaly is not the fifth force. The reason for the anomaly is that Muo G-2 can be the electromagnetic field. When a muon changes its trajectory, it sends an electromagnetic wave. There forms an electromagnetic vacuum or electromagnetic low-pressure at the side, where it sends that wave. 

This thing can pull the muons out of their trajectory. The explanation is not the fifth force. But then we can think about the things that somebody would find that mythic fifth force. Would that thing be more revolutionary than we expected? Or is it less revolutionary? 

When we think about four fundamental forces: Gravity, electromagnetism, weak nuclear force, and strong nuclear force. We must realize one thing: all those forces are quite similar. They are interactions between energy or quantum fields and different-sized particles. The transmitter particle determines the force. 

The reason why a strong nuclear force can have so a short-distance effect is simple. The gluon, the strong nuclear force's transporter particle is so small. When the gluon transmits energy the energy travels like a bubble around the gluon. And that means those waves can turn weak over long distances. 

When a gluon sends radiation it forms an electromagnetic vacuum around that particle. And that means part of the energy travels back to gluon. Or at least part of the energy travels back into the wave bubble. And that interaction means that strong nuclear force will affect only short distances. The reason for that is that interaction happens between protons and neutrons. 

Above: All particles travel in waves between the energy ditch. In front of them. In all waves, there is a lower energy ditch in front of them. Because the energy level back at the wave is at a higher energy level than the bottom of the energy ditch. 

And behind the particle is the area where energy is higher than at the energy ditch. Antigravity would be the case where the gravity wave or energy ditch will filled with energy. When the energy ditch turns into the energy hill, that thing can cause an effect that feels like antigravity. 

The weak nuclear force interacts with the hadrons, neutrons, and protons. Electromagnetism can also affect longer distances because the area that pulls particles to an ion or anion is larger. The area where the fundamental force affects determines the distance of the force's effect. 

The difference between gravity and other fundamental forces is that there is no polarity in gravity. Gravity is a neutral force, and there is no repelling or antigravity. That means the gravity could be the electromagnetic low energy area in the atoms. If the Higgs field exists that thing can explain gravitation as the area in the atoms, where that field's power is weaker. And that makes the energy field travel in an atom. 

And if we want to make the repelling gravity effect we must raise the energy level in the atoms. That makes the atom "shine" or send electromagnetic wave movement. And if two opposite atoms shine with the same energy level they would push each other away. 

But what makes two electrons repel each other? When particles with the same polar electric load are close to each other, those particles take a little bit of electromagnetic field with them. Because both particles send wave movement with the same frequency. They form a standing wave or electromagnetic electromagnetic tornado between them. 

That wave acts like a stick that pushes electrons away from each other. It's hard for us to model this situation. Where the stretching stick comes from nowhere. So that structure forms when the quantum fields create a tunnel between those particles. 

Particles with the same polarity form standing waves between them. And then the energy starts to reflect from that wave. This is the reason why the particles with the same polarity repel each other. 

The graviton interaction affects longer distances because gravity centers send stronger gravity waves. A gravity wave is like an energy ditch that travels across the space. When those waves face some particle, that energy ditch pulls the particle into the gravity wave. This is the reason why there is no visible antigravity. Or we can determine traveling energy hills that have the same wavelength with gravity waves as antigravity. 

But when energy dives in a gravity wave, that thing can pump more energy to the energy field that travels through the energy ditch. In some visions, the energy that fills the energy ditch that is the gravity wave can turn gravity into the opposite. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/calculation-solves-muon-g-2-puzzle/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

Can WIMP be the Higgs Singlet?

 

"Astronomical computer simulations indicate strong evidence for the existence of dark matter, supported by the observations of galaxy features difficult to explain without it. Researchers, including a team from the University of California, Irvine, have utilized these observations to test and strengthen the dark matter model against alternate theories. This approach, described in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomy Society, confirms dark matter as a crucial component in understanding the universe’s structure and dynamics." (ScitechDaily, Galactic Features Reveal Dark Matter’s Invisible Hand)

Dark matter is one of the most interesting in the universe. Dark matter interacts only through gravity. The Higgs field could explain dark matter as the lower energy areas or holes in the Higgs field. That means dark matter is a thing that makes gravity field or Higgs field travel. The thing. What makes dark matter interesting is that it can interact only through gravitational waves. 

The planet 9 is explained as the dark matter piece. Sometimes researchers thought about dark matter as a hypothetical Higgs singlet.  The particle that can travel ahead and back in time. The Higgs singlet can be the particle that stores lots of energy. That makes it very heavy. And then that heavy particle loses its energy very fast. 

That causes a situation where the particle's mass turns very high. Then particle suddenly releases its mass. And that forms a vacuum bubble around it. That makes practice turn lighter than most of them. That fast energy impulse makes that time travel faster on that particle.  

The wobbling box that symbolizes the 4th. dimension can explain why the Higgs singlet could travel back and forth in time. The Higgs singlet has two layers. The outer layer acts like a warp bubble that injects energy into the inner layer. The inner structure wobbles back and forth pumping energy to the upper structure. Then sooner or later the particle's energy level rises higher than it's at the edge of the speed of light. 

The wobbling box can be the model of the Higgs singlet. The wobbling internal structure pumps energy to that particle until it turns into, a black hole. When the outer structure touches the internal structure that causes the end of the wobbling. In that case, the Higgs singlet can release it. energy. The idea is that this thing makes particles travel back and forth in time. 

When the speed of the Higgs singlet rises the inner structure moves backward. When the inner structure touches the outer structure, that thing pushes the inner structure forward. That effect makes it possible. The Higgs singlet can make the same thing as the WARP drive. 

The thing is that when the Higgs singlet reaches a speed. That is very close to the speed of light. The particle itself cannot cross the speed of light. But it can compensate for that thing using incoming energy. In some models, the Higgs singlet can be the proton. There is a particle-antiparticle pair in the proton. In some cases, those particles and antiparticles can touch each other. And that thing forms an energy impact that can put the proton into the WARP bubble. 

The image, that you have seen before in the text, tells how light controls superconductivity and can tell how the material can turn invisible. The light causes a situation where the energy field jumps out from the particle. That effect makes the flame-look energy field around the particle. And that energy field can have an effect. That radiation or wave movement travels past the particle. 

In some models, this electromagnetic field can trap photons in that field. The hovering photon will push electromagnetic radiation around the energy field. And that thing makes light travel like radio waves travel past the stealth aircraft. And if that thing is made over the graphene structure, the power field can aim optical radiation like photons pass the material. This thing can aim photons into the net holes in the graphene network. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/1103.1373

https://journals.aps.org/prd/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevD.103.075016

https://scitechdaily.com/galactic-features-reveal-dark-matters-invisible-hand/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_mechanism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singlet_state

Remarkable finding. JWST found mysterious dust clouds in the exoplanet WASP-23b's atmosphere.

"This artist’s concept shows what the hot gas-giant exoplanet WASP-43 b could look like. WASP-43 b is a Jupiter-sized planet circling a star roughly 280 light-years away, in the constellation Sextans. The planet orbits at a distance of about 1.3 million miles (0.014 astronomical units, or AU), completing one circuit in about 19.5 hours. Because it is so close to its star, WASP-43 b is probably tidally locked: its rotation rate and orbital period are the same, such that one side faces the star at all times." (ScitechDaily, Remarkable Webb Telescope Find: Mysterious Dust Clouds on an Alien World)

"Temperature measurements based on the amount of 5- to 12-micron mid-infrared light emitted by the planet show that the nightside is probably covered in thick, high clouds. Spectroscopy measurements indicate the presence of water vapor on both the dayside and nightside. But because it is too hot for liquid water to exist, the clouds are probably made of tiny mineral grains instead of water droplets. A surprising lack of methane on the nightside suggests that strong eastward winds are mixing atmospheric gases around the planet. This illustration is based on new data gathered by Webb’s Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) as well as previous observations from other ground- and space-based telescopes, including Hubble and Spitzer. Webb has not captured any images of the planet. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Ralf Crawford (STScI)" (ScitechDaily, Remarkable Webb Telescope Find: Mysterious Dust Clouds on an Alien World)

The exoplanet WASP 43b is a locked and hot world. It's about twice a Jupiter-size gas giant that orbits spectral type K-star WASP 43. The remarkable thing is that the WASP 42 is hotter and heavier than M-type stars. And WASP 43b orbits that orange star in 19 hours. 

The WASP 43 is a young and active star. The surface temperatures of K-type main sequence stars are between 3400-4900C. And the young stars are always active. Near young stars are many ice and rocks that can cause meteorite bombardment. 

"Temperature map of WASP-43b" (Wikipedia, WASP-43b)

Of course, the WASP 43b is a large gas giant. But the active star near a large planet can cause a situation that in asteroid bombardment along with high-temperature plasma impulses can overheat the planet's atmosphere. The overheating means that the atmosphere turns hotter than the planet's core. Then that high-temperature ionized atmosphere can send energy impulses to the planet's core. And then that energy could rip the planet in pieces. 

If there are anions and ions in the planet's atmosphere, the high temperature along with affecting positive and negative particles and with high pressure can form fusion in the planet's atmosphere. That thing can send energy impulses to the planet's core. And break it. The thing that keeps the planet in its form is massive gravity. And energy impulses from the planet's shell can destroy its core. 

Image Wikipedia/Stellar classification

Because WASP 43b is near quite a hot and young star, its position near the star causes a situation where lots of objects travel over its trajectory. The question is how this planet remains in one piece. Maybe its magnetic fields drive particles around it. 

Or maybe, the plasma that forms a standing wave between the planet and its star destroys all incoming material objects. And drives plasma that the star sends around it, denying their straight effect on the planet, and its atmosphere. The dust in its atmosphere can be remnants of destroyed comets and asteroids. 

https://scitechdaily.com/remarkable-webb-telescope-find-mysterious-dust-clouds-on-an-alien-world/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-type_main-sequence_star

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_classification

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WASP-43

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WASP-43b

Is time an illusion?

Time and material

Material is only one form of energy. Time is the direction of energy flow between particles and their environment. We can say that time is energy. Or some part of the time is energy. All the material and energy formed in the enclosure is called the Big Bang. 

This incident caused the expansion of the universe. And as the universe expands, space expands as the amount of matter and energy remains the same.  If we think that the universe is like a balloon in a vacuum chamber, we can say that the pressure in the ball decreases. That thing causes the pressure of quantum fields to decrease, and particles turn into wave movement. Or otherwise saying they vaporize. 

In this case, we can say, that time is an illusion. Then we can say that things like the gravitational effect turn the particles young. Or, they can keep particles young. This thing is called time dilation.  A gravitational wave is like a ditch or lower energy area in the Higgs field. The reason why the Higgs field is so hard to detect is simple. We are in the middle of that field. 

Time dilation means that a particle exists for a longer time than it should. In particle acceleration, kinetic energy causes situations. Where extremely heavy particles can exist longer than they should. When a particle travels in a particle accelerator quantum fields pump energy into it. That makes those particles exist longer than in other ways. 

The reason why gravitation destroys material,  as well as keeps material young is this: All particles travel in the wave, that follows the traveling ditch or energy pothole. That wave pumps energy to the particle until the particle's energy level turns higher than the wave. Sometimes the side coming deeper ditch travels across this wave and pulls energy out from it. And if that traveling energy pothole is deep enough it pulls the entire wave in it. And in that case, the particle vaporizes faster than it should. 

When energy travels into particles that energy keeps it young. When energy travels out from a particle, that makes the particle old. So this means that time is an energy direction between a particle and its environment. Particles are material and material are one form of energy. 

The arrow of time

When a particle travels in the universe at a very high speed it creates a shockwave. When that shockwave impacts other particles, it turns energy into them. That means it slows their aging. This thing means that time is also interaction. 

When a particle turns old, it vaporizes. That means it sends wave movement or energy. And then other particles receive that energy. So when an extremely heavy particle releases energy, the other particles receive it. That thing means that this energy impulse keeps other particles younger. The particle receives energy until its energy level turns higher than incoming radiation. 

"An example of a light cone, the three-dimensional surface of all possible light rays arriving at and departing from a point in spacetime. The more you move through space, the less you move through time, and vice versa. Only things contained within your past light-cone can affect you today; only things contained within your future light-cone can be perceived by you in the future. This illustrates flat Minkowski space, rather than the curved space of general relativity." (Big Think, Ask Ethan: Does time exist, or is it an illusion?)

The model that follows general relativity requires that there is a pothole in the hypersurface of the present. Those potholes put energy to move horizontally in hypersurface. So that means there should be waves. But that is a simplified model that tells how the information focuses in spacetime. 

Time and space. 

The light cone: information's shape forms in the future. The information focus is on the hypersurface of the present. The key question of the time is: even if time dilation affects the atom clock, does it affect a mechanic clock? We can slow the aging of radioactive materials by simply pumping energy to them. But if time slows the mechanic clock. That means we can make a time machine. And that means spacetime exists. In this text, the mechanic clock means a pull-out wristwatch, that uses a spring for working 

The light cone or time cone is the model where information forms in the future. Then the information focus is on the present. Or the information focus is on the hypersurface of the present. An interesting thing is that everything that we see happened in the past. So we cannot see the moment when something happened. We see that thing a little bit after they happened. The speed of light is enormous, but photons and information take a little moment to travel from the event to our retina. 

The reason why we see things as we see them is this. We see only things that happened in the past. Time flows from the past to the future. And transports information from the past to the future. 

The spacetime causes discussions. If spacetime or environmental time exists. That makes time travel possible. Spacetime is like a river that flows around us. The high energy level causes a situation, where the particle travels faster in that flow. The particle drops faster into the future. Time travels slower on its shell than on lower energy particles.  And when the energy level turns high enough the particle starts to travel against this flow. That situation is visible only in the black holes. 

The reason why time travels as it travels is this: energy level in the future is lower than energy level in the past. And the reason why it's so difficult to travel in time is that particles must travel against the flow of time. We can compile this situation with the cases where we try to swim against the river flow. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/time-exist-illusion/

Higgs field and gravitation.

"Artist’s interpretation of an array of pulsars being affected by gravitational ripples produced by a supermassive black hole binary in a distant galaxy. Credit: Aurore Simonnet for the NANOGrav Collaboration" (ScitechDaily,The Galactic Pulse: Pulsar Timing Arrays Detect Long-Period Gravitational Waves)

The Higgs field is a theoretical base energy field in the universe. The hypothetical graviton is the thing that transports things like photons in this field. That means the graviton is a pothole or lower energy point in the Higgs field. When a particle travels in the universe, it travels between this pothole and the higher energy point behind it. 

When we look at the image of a hypothetical WARP drive, we can say that all particles travel the same way. There is an energy ditch or pothole in the direction of the particle, and then a higher energy level point behind the particle pushes it forward. So that thing means that the particle travels in waves. The gravitational waves transport particles forward. 

The WARP drive. All particles travel in waves between energy- or gravity ditch. The lower energy area or energy ditch pulls the particle forward. 

The height difference between that energy ditch and the point behind the wave or particle determines the force that transports the particle forward. It's possible. That forward of the particle forms the deep energy ditch. That pulls it forward with very high power.  

In that case, the energy level behind the particle must not be very high. The energy ditch must be deep. And this is the idea of the antigravity. The system just makes the energy ditch or vacuum in the Higgs field. And then that makes the particle move. Or particle moves if there is an energy pothole in another side of the particle. 

Gravity waves are moving energy ditches in the universe. 

Sombrero-model. 

The reason why a particle that is on the top of the energy hill has no mass is, that it hovers above the energy field. In a 3D universe that means the particle pushes the Higgs field away. And this causes the effect. There the mass is not measurable. When a particle falls from the energy hill it sends radiation all over the universe. 

In the sombrero model, all particles are surrounded by a gravitational ditch. There is an energy hill in the middle of the gravity ditch. That means the gravity wave is the wave movement in the Higgs field. When energy travels into the gravity- or energy ditch around particles that form lower energy area, or traveling energy ditch in the Higgs Field. The asymmetry in this structure makes particles move. 

There is a lower energy area around the particle, and there is a structure, that acts like a thermal pump. It forms a lower energy area around it. The gravity, or energy ditch around the particle is not stable. The universe's expansion causes a situation, in which material collapses or turns into wave movement. Materia, that is one energy form sends energy impulses over the energy-, or gravity ditch. Sometimes energy travels into a particle, and sometimes it travels away from it. 

The lower energy area in a particle pulls the Higgs field in the middle of it. And that gravity ditch around the particle keeps putting energy move in it. The sombrero model works with particle groups. And the thing that gives things like neutron stars so powerful gravity field is this. They form a homogenous structure, there is not much internal space where those particles can send gravitational waves. 

In neutron stars, the particle sends gravitational waves like all other particles. The problem is that there is no space internal space or energy pockets for those waves. 

The only space for gravity waves is between quarks in neutron stars. That means all particles send gravity waves to the environment at the same time. 

In black holes, there is internal space in singularity. That means the entire singularity sends gravity waves around it. The thing that makes a black hole's gravity field so powerful is that singularity sends gravity waves so often, that it makes deep gravity ditch in a long distance. 

 The energy impulses from particles make the edges of the energy ditch move. 

There is a thing, called superstring in the middle of the particle. That transports energy out from particles. That superstring is like an antenna, that pulls Higgs field away. The Higgs field is an energy field that interacts like all other energy fields. It travels from higher to lower energy levels. And if we think of this thing in a 2D environment, the superstring pulls the Higgs field into particles forming the gravitational ditch. 

The depth of the ditch turns deeper and deeper. And the energy of the particle rises. The thing that makes particles visible is if it's a hilltop over the edge of a gravity ditch. And then the thing that makes particles move is the case, of the sombrero or the ditch turns asymmetrical. If there is a pothole at the bottom of the gravity ditch. That makes the particle move to another position. 

If we think that a photon is a stretched wave movement the pothole forms at the front of it when that stretched energy wave pulls energy in it. The reason why a photon has no mass can explained by this model.  When a photon impacts the target, the graviton's or energy pothole's bottom will stretch down. That causes energy to flow to the bottom of that pothole. And then energy will jump up. 

Like in the case, where we send lower water diagonally to the bottom of a concave container, the wave jumps up, and then the photon or stretched wave pushes it forward. Then that energy hits the particle's quantum fields in the wall. We see the reflection of that material. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-galactic-pulse-pulsar-timing-arrays-detect-long-period-gravitational-waves/

See also: 

Graviton

Higgs field

Tornadoes and tropical storms.

The birth of a tornado. 

The tornado is a whirl like all other devastating storms. In models, there is a cloud. That forms the colder point in the hot air. When hot air rises, the difference between temperatures below the cloud and outside the shadow rises. The Coriolis force will turn that cold air statue to rotate, and the oncoming air cannot fill that channel. Energy will transfer from outside to the shadow and that turns the bottom of the air channel warm. But below the cloud is a lower temperature area. 

In some cases that cold air would collapse into the air statue. That forms the structure where warm air surrounds cold air. And then the energy starts to transfer through that hot air whirl to the lower energy core of that whirl. The whirl acts like a chimney. First, the air collapses in it, and then the air flow starts to travel oppositely from the ground to the top. 

That increases the speed of the whirl. The speed of the whirl depends on how long the structure can keep itself in form. There is the possibility that the tornado touches the ground. And then that friction destroys the structure. When a tornado touches the ground. t transfers its kinetic energy into the ground. 

When the thermocline or the border between cold and hot air is low, the tornado turns very dangerous. When cold air flows into the tornado, it comes out from whirl from below. Normally the interaction between that whirl and outgoing air means that the whirl-shaped air statue touches the ground. At that point, the friction pulls energy out of the whirl. 

The tornado begins its existence when the air statute falls. That forms a whirl, and suddenly the whirl acts like a chimney. Then there can form low pressure in the whirl and air starts to rise in the the whirl. In some other models, the cold air can fall around the whirl. Then that air can travel below the tornado and from the air cushion there the whirls hover. 

Sometimes the burning forests can form a situation where the air statute moves oppositely. The burning forests make the standing, high-energy air statue, that can turn to whirl. In that case. The fire makes rising air statues, there are high-temperature gasses. The gas cannot escape from that air channel. And it forms a fire tornado. In this type of tornado, the tornado gets energy from inside it. 

Can we someday control tornadoes and other tropical storms?

When we think about a fire tornado, the extremely cold material that can be injected in the middle of the tornado can pull the fire energy out from it. In the cases of regular tornadoes, the system must warm the internal structure of those whirls. When the inner and outer temperatures are the same that stops energy transfer through the whirls. 

Which side of the whirl must be warmed depends on which side of the whirl's wall is warmer. The idea is that the energy or temperature difference between in- and outside the whirl will level off. 

When we think of the possibility of controlling things like hurricanes, the thing that could be useful is the system, that removes the cloud layer from above the tropical winds. That cloud layer is the thing, that forms a colder air area around the eye of the storm. The laser systems can break the water droplets that form those clouds. And that thing can make it possible to control tropical hurricanes. 

The normal structure of a tropical storm is there is colder air around the warm eye. The idea is that the temperature difference between the eye of the storm and its environment will level off. 

The hottest area is near the eye of the storm, there the cold air falls to the sea level from high altitude. Around it is hotter air, and that interaction turns the hurricane's wind speed so high. 

The cloud layer creates a lower temperature area around that structure. And that causes a reaction that the air flows in that area, forming the structure that doesn't let air away from the whirl. Falling air in the middle of the whirl keeps the structure in its form. The cloud layer acts like a lid, that denies the temperature difference between the storm's eye and its environment level off. 

Images NOAA/Pinterest:

https://technologyandfuture4.wordpress.com/2024/07/19/tornadoes-and-tropical-storms/

The mathematical models and neural networks can predict, where and when rogue (or killer) waves are born.

"Researchers have developed a neural network-based tool that predicts the emergence of rogue waves up to five minutes before they occur, using data from sea surface elevation measurements. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Rogue Waves: Predicting the Unpredictable With Advanced Neural Networks)

All waves form in the same way. There forms a ditch at the front of the wave. There is a higher energy level or higher water surface behind the wave. And the water wall that we call the wave travels just behind the ditch. 

The thing that determines a wave's power is the difference between energy levels at the bottom of the ditch. And the hill behind the wave. So if the ditch at the front of the wave is deep, that increases its power. When water faces the ditch, it falls in it. At the same time, Earth's gravity and sunlight. Along with moving water mass, transferred energy to that water. So water that travels through that ditch pumps energy to the wave.

Theoretically is possible to control waves by filling those ditches that pull waves forward. If that ditch at the front of the wave gets water impulse from below it that fills the ditch and causes the wave's end. In that case, the water (or energy) layer at the front of the wave must turn so high or a little bit higher than the energy or water level behind the wave. That denies the ditch pull the wave forward.  Or in other cases make another ditch behind the wave. In that case, those ditches pull waves in different ways.

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There are two possible ways, how the rogue wave can form. Using that data, the neural system can predict rogue waves. The radar satellites or underwater sensors can see if there is some kind of waterfront traveling underwater. Then the system can search. If conditions match for rogue waves. 

1) A tsunami that travels underwater or in the deep sea can impact underwater mountains. That mountain pushes the wave upwards. In deep seas tsunamis form when the ocean trenches are collapsing. The tsunami can travel near the bottom of the sea as an energy wave, their energy travels between water molecules. 

The water molecules are like billiard balls. They push energy to the next water molecule. And when that energy reaches the shoal the water starts to rise upward, because there is no other space where it can go. 

Sometimes tsunamis can travel in trenches where the water weight keeps them at the bottom. The tsunami cannot come out from the trench and that kind of hidden tsunami or water flows in the sea can help to form a rogue wave that can hit at open sea.

2) In that case, there comes some other tsunami over the bottom flow. And that bottom flow can push the upper water layer up. Also, things like underwater volcanoes, and especially crevice discharge that can be kilometers long magma eruptions in the trenches can push those underwater flows up. 

Two water flows, or tsunamis that travel in different depths can impact. If the lower water flow's energy level is higher than the upper water flow the lower water flow pushes the upper water flow up. 

This is the reason, why things like collapsing glaciers form the tallest tsunamis on Earth. When a glacier collapses to the sea bay, there is sometimes a river that travels in the gulf fjords. The collapsing sea pushes water against that river, and the water cannot escape or expand. The river and collapsing ice will send energy to the water, and rise it to a very high level. 

****************************************

The difference between rogue waves and tsunamis is that the rogue wave is high in the deep and open seas. The tsunami rises near the cost line. The reason for that is simple. There is no space where the traveling water mass can go when it reaches the coastline. 

Rogue waves can rise near shoals or underwater mountains. When a tsunami that is the traveling water wall that looks very innocent in the deep sea impacts with an underwater mountain, that thing pushes the water wall upwards. That is one way where rogue waves can form. 

In some other models, some underwater flows like erupting volcanoes or some kind of underwater tsunami can push the surface tsunami up. In that case, the deeper tsunami can have higher power than a surface tsunami. That thing pushes the surface tsunami upwards. 

https://scitechdaily.com/rogue-waves-predicting-the-unpredictable-with-advanced-neural-networks/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami

https://technologyandfuture4.wordpress.com/2024/07/18/the-mathematical-models-and-neural-networks-can-predict-where-and-when-rogue-or-killer-waves-are-born/