The mathematical models and neural networks can predict, where and when rogue (or killer) waves are born.

"Researchers have developed a neural network-based tool that predicts the emergence of rogue waves up to five minutes before they occur, using data from sea surface elevation measurements. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Rogue Waves: Predicting the Unpredictable With Advanced Neural Networks)

All waves form in the same way. There forms a ditch at the front of the wave. There is a higher energy level or higher water surface behind the wave. And the water wall that we call the wave travels just behind the ditch.

The thing that determines a wave's power is the difference between energy levels at the bottom of the ditch. And the hill behind the wave. So if the ditch at the front of the wave is deep, that increases its power. When water faces the ditch, it falls in it. At the same time, Earth's gravity and sunlight. Along with moving water mass, transferred energy to that water. So water that travels through that ditch pumps energy to the wave.

Theoretically is possible to control waves by filling those ditches that pull waves forward. If that ditch at the front of the wave gets water impulse from below it that fills the ditch and causes the wave's end. In that case, the water (or energy) layer at the front of the wave must turn so high or a little bit higher than the energy or water level behind the wave. That denies the ditch pull the wave forward. Or in other cases make another ditch behind the wave. In that case, those ditches pull waves in different ways.

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There are two possible ways, how the rogue wave can form. Using that data, the neural system can predict rogue waves. The radar satellites or underwater sensors can see if there is some kind of waterfront traveling underwater. Then the system can search. If conditions match for rogue waves.

1) A tsunami that travels underwater or in the deep sea can impact underwater mountains. That mountain pushes the wave upwards. In deep seas tsunamis form when the ocean trenches are collapsing. The tsunami can travel near the bottom of the sea as an energy wave, their energy travels between water molecules.

The water molecules are like billiard balls. They push energy to the next water molecule. And when that energy reaches the shoal the water starts to rise upward, because there is no other space where it can go.

Sometimes tsunamis can travel in trenches where the water weight keeps them at the bottom. The tsunami cannot come out from the trench and that kind of hidden tsunami or water flows in the sea can help to form a rogue wave that can hit at open sea.

2) In that case, there comes some other tsunami over the bottom flow. And that bottom flow can push the upper water layer up. Also, things like underwater volcanoes, and especially crevice discharge that can be kilometers long magma eruptions in the trenches can push those underwater flows up.

Two water flows, or tsunamis that travel in different depths can impact. If the lower water flow's energy level is higher than the upper water flow the lower water flow pushes the upper water flow up.

This is the reason, why things like collapsing glaciers form the tallest tsunamis on Earth. When a glacier collapses to the sea bay, there is sometimes a river that travels in the gulf fjords. The collapsing sea pushes water against that river, and the water cannot escape or expand. The river and collapsing ice will send energy to the water, and rise it to a very high level.

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The difference between rogue waves and tsunamis is that the rogue wave is high in the deep and open seas. The tsunami rises near the cost line. The reason for that is simple. There is no space where the traveling water mass can go when it reaches the coastline.

Rogue waves can rise near shoals or underwater mountains. When a tsunami that is the traveling water wall that looks very innocent in the deep sea impacts with an underwater mountain, that thing pushes the water wall upwards. That is one way where rogue waves can form.

In some other models, some underwater flows like erupting volcanoes or some kind of underwater tsunami can push the surface tsunami up. In that case, the deeper tsunami can have higher power than a surface tsunami. That thing pushes the surface tsunami upwards.

https://scitechdaily.com/rogue-waves-predicting-the-unpredictable-with-advanced-neural-networks/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami

https://technologyandfuture4.wordpress.com/2024/07/18/the-mathematical-models-and-neural-networks-can-predict-where-and-when-rogue-or-killer-waves-are-born/

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