Mysteries of the world

"This artist's depiction shows what the sky might look like around the moon of a giant planet in a trinary system. Although numerous planets in trinary systems have been discovered, the characterization of GW Orionis indicates that it may be the first known system where planets orbit around all three members of a trinary system." (Big Think, Meet the first star system to “solve” the 3-body problem) Today we can say that the three-body problem has no universal solution. The solution can be local. The system can make a simulation by following certain objects.  Data that the operators collect from the solar system makes it possible to create a simulation. That is suitable for that certain three-body system.  There are always more than three actors in all systems. Also things like electromagnetic fields, and gravitational waves. And other kinds of artifacts can cause errors in solutions. The gravitational waves can cause immediate error in three-body systems if those actors a...

"An axion cloud around a neutron star. While some axions escape the star’s gravitational pull, many remain bound to the star and over a long period of time form a cloud surrounding it. The interaction with the neutron star’s strong magnetic field causes some axions to convert into photons – light that we can eventually detect with our telescopes on Earth. Credit: University of Amsterdam" (Physics.org, Physicists show that neutron stars may be shrouded in clouds of axions) The neutron stars can be the key to the axions. Those still hypothetical,  mysterious dark matter particles should shroud neutron stars. They should also trapped in the neutron star's structure. The idea is that the heavy gravitation in neutron stars can pull axion particles near them. That allows researchers to observe hypothetical axion clouds' interaction with neutron stars' gravity and other energy fields.  The hypothetical axions or dark matter particles can interact with gravity. Because al...

Above: Cretaceous Loricera beetles with specialized morphology for collembolan predation (Cell.com) The beetle that challenges Darwin's evolution theory has been unchanged for 100 million years. This beetle is one of the things. That we can call "living fossils". When Charles Darwin created his evolution theory, he involved the term "living fossils" in that model. The idea in evolution theory is that species must adapt to their environment. But sometimes evolution creates the "perfect shape" or "perfect construction". That construction can survive in fast changes in the environment. We know a couple of living fossils like Ginkgos, coelacanths, and some other creatures like a beetle named: Loriceda.  That thing means that sometimes evolution forms creatures with versatile abilities to survive in fast, and large-scale changes in their environment. The Loriceda beetles might form in certain conditions. Where that creature had no competitors. Tha...

"Quantum squeezing is a breakthrough concept that refines our ability to measure with high precision by adjusting uncertainty within quantum systems. By “squeezing” one part of a measurement to reduce uncertainty, scientists can capture more accurate data on specific variables, although it means uncertainty rises in other areas. Credit: SciTechDaily.com. " (ScitechDaily, Quantum Squeezing: The Key to Next-Gen Precision Technologies) The quantum squeezer can measure things. Like electron movements around atoms. The idea is that the system searches for changes that those electrons or smaller particles cause in the quantum field. But a quantum squeezer can also move and manipulate particles with a very high accuracy.  The quantum squeezer is a tool that can be fundamental advances in chemistry and nanotechnology. That tool can be used to move particles without touching them.  Quantum squeezing is a method where a power field traps an atom or some other particle in the middle of ...

"Astronomers using Gaia data have just found a low-mass black hole orbiting a companion star. Credit: WANG Song" (Astronomy.com, Astronomers find a mini black hole) Today the minimum mass of the black hole is about 2,2 times of the sun. But if the lighter object orbits a high-energy object that energy can transform almost any object in the universe into a black hole.  "Astronomers have discovered a lightweight black hole that’s a bit of a cosmic conundrum. Hypothetically, black hole masses can range all the way from far less than a paperclip to at least tens of billions of times more than the Sun. But observations have revealed a strange scarcity of black holes between about two and five times the Sun’s mass. Right now, it’s unclear whether these mini black holes are just hard to detect or actually as rare as they seem to be." (Astronomy.com, Astronomers find a mini black hole) "The newfound black hole could offer clues. It falls right in the middle of the gap,...

  Image by AI One of the things that makes some people believe in antigravity is centripetal force. Centripetal force is the thing that keeps the objects at orbiting trajectory and that force or virtual force is the thing that we feel when the car turns into some direction and we will fall into another direction. The centripetal force means that when an object changes its direction. It tends to continue straight. When we think about the centripetal force we can say that this virtual force is one of the most interesting things in the world.  In gravity, the gravity center pulls the field around it inside it. That thing forms the shadow at the front of the particle. That shadow pulls particles to the gravity center. The antigravity means that something forms a deeper shadow at the opposite side of the particle. The question is about the balance. If something forms the energy shadow or lower energy area at the opposite side of the particle that thing pulls the particle back....

"Researchers at Berkeley Lab have advanced the understanding of magnetic skyrmions by developing techniques to image their 3D structures."  (ScitechDaily, Unlocking the 3D Spin Secrets of Magnetic Skyrmions To Power Future Electronics) "These nanoscale objects show promise for revolutionizing microelectronics through enhanced data storage capabilities and reduced energy consumption" (ScitechDaily, Unlocking the 3D Spin Secrets of Magnetic Skyrmions To Power Future Electronics) The ability to store data means the ability to transport data.  Skyrmions are interesting things. Some people believe that the skyrmion or the donut-shaped electromagnetic fields are behind the event, called ball-lightning. The idea is that the strong skyrmion starts to rotate around the axle. That causes a similar effect as the coin that rotates very fast around its axle. The fast movement makes the skyrmion look like the ball.  In some ideas, the skyrmion, or skyrmion row can form the tracto...

"From a region of space as small as can be imagined (all the way down to the Planck scale), cosmological inflation causes space to expand exponentially: relentlessly doubling and doubling again with each tiny fraction-of-a-second that elapses. Although this empties the Universe and stretches it flat, it also contains quantum fluctuations superimposed atop it: fluctuations that will later provide the seeds for cosmic structure within our own Universe. What happened before the final ~10^-32 seconds of inflation, including the question of whether inflation arose from a singular state before it, not only isn't known, but may be fundamentally unknowable." (BigThink, Ask Ethan: What’s the deal with cosmic inflation and the Big Bang?) The universe requires cosmic inflation. Cosmic inflation releases energy. That was once bound to material and black holes. So, we can say that cosmic inflation keeps the energy moving.  The key element of modern cosmology is that the Big Bang relea...

"Carbon dioxide and hydrogen peroxide have been detected on Charon through the James Webb Space Telescope. This breakthrough adds significant details to our understanding of the moon’s surface and its environmental processes. Credit: S. Protopapa/SwRI/NASA/ESA/CSA/STScI/JHUAPL" (ScitechDaily, Webb Telescope Uncovers Carbon Dioxide and Peroxide on Pluto’s Moon Charon)   Pluto and its moon Charon are very far away from Earth. There is almost no sunlight. And the temperature on their surface is almost zero kelvin. The chemical reactions are thought to be impossible in that distant, strange world. But the signs of CO2 and peroxides show that there are some kind of chemical reactions in those distant worlds. When we think about those distant dwarf planets called "plutoids" we must realize that conditions around and on those dwarf planets are different than on Earth. In distant worlds near the Kuiper belt, those dwarf planets can collect atmospheres around them. Most of t...

Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887-1920). (Quanta Magazine, Math Is Still Catching Up to the Mysterious Genius of Srinivasa Ramanujan) The number theory is thankful to Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887-1920). The thing that makes this person, who was born into a poor Indian family in colonial India was a self-educated person, who made a lot of things in mathematics. Those theories are still handy tools for many types of advanced calculations. There are many interesting details in the life of that young person, who passed away in 1920. Many people say that Srinivasa Ramanujan died too early. If that person could live a longer life, he might stand in the place of Albert Einstein.  There were many interesting things in Ramanujan's early life. The thing is that Ramanujan failed twice in college. Because of his passion for mathematics. And that's why he flees from home. Maybe he was afraid that his parents were angry. Finally, he went to Trinity College Cambridge where he started to work with Hardy ...

"Researchers suggest that the brightening and dimming of Betelgeuse, a red giant star, is likely influenced by an orbiting companion star, dubbed the “Betelbuddy.” This companion pushes away cosmic dust, affecting how Betelgeuse’s light reaches Earth. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Betelgeuse’s Brightness Mystery Explained: Meet the Hidden “Betelbuddy” Star) One of the brightest stars in the northern sky is the Alpha Orionis or Betelgeuse. The star is one of the largest known stars. Its color is red if we see that star with bare eyes. Distance to that giant star is 408 – 548 (+90/-49)ly. The Betelgeuse classification is a red supergiant. This star is well known, and that caused suspicion that there are no surprises around it. But now researchers think that Betelgeuse may have a companion.  Infographic describing how the Betelbuddy affects Betelgeuse’s apparent brightness. Credit: Lucy Reading-Ikkanda/Simons Foundation. (ScitechDaily, Betelgeuse’s Brightness Mystery ...

"An illustration of the 2D perovskite material that was studied by the researchers. The yellow parts illustrate the linker molecules while the purple and pink parts show the perovskite layer. Credit: Chalmers University of Technology | Julia Wiktor" (ScitechDaily, Unlocking the Future of Solar Cells: Scientists Discover Key to Stable Perovskites) Wikipedia determines quantum materials like this: "Quantum materials is an umbrella term in condensed matter physics that encompasses all materials whose essential properties cannot be described in terms of semiclassical particles and low-level quantum mechanics. " (Wikipedia, quantum materials) "These are materials that present strong electronic correlations or some type of electronic order, such as superconducting or magnetic orders, or materials whose electronic properties are linked to non-generic quantum effects – topological insulators, Dirac electron systems such as graphene, as well as systems whose collective ...

"Researchers are using simulations and data from the South Pole Telescope to detect the faint Sunyaev-Zel’dovichn, kSZ effect, a key to understanding the Epoch of Reionization, when the first stars ionized the universe." (ScitechDaily, Cosmic Archaeology: Unraveling the Mystery of the Universe’s First Light) " Imagine taking a journey back to the very early days of the universe, specifically, the start of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). That’s when the first stars and galaxies formed, and their energy separated the protons and electrons of the dense, dark primordial hydrogen gas that comprised the universe, producing bubbles of ionized gas." (ScitechDaily, Cosmic Archaeology: Unraveling the Mystery of the Universe’s First Light) S outh Pole Observatory has a big mission. That is to find the first light. That term means photons, which came from the Big Bang or the first stars. The first light makes it possible to think about the location where the Big Bang happened....

"The huge mosaic released by ESA’s Euclid space telescope on October 15, 2024, accounts for 1% of the wide survey that Euclid will capture over six years. The location and actual size of the mosaic on the Southern Sky is shown in yellow. This all-sky view is an overlay of ESA Gaia’s star map from its second data release in 2018 and ESA Planck’s dust map from 2014. Credit: ESA/Euclid/Euclid Consortium/NASA; ESA/Gaia/DPAC; ESA/Planck Collaboration." (ScitechDaily, Euclid “Dark Universe” Telescope Unveils Stunning 208-Gigapixel Window Into the Cosmos) ESA's Euclid mission purpose is to find out the form of dark matter. The interesting question is this: are weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, so-called real or virtual material? The virtual version means that there are so-called holes or electron-hole-type structures in the base energy field in the universe.  That means the dark matter could be an exciton-type quasiparticle structure. In excitons, the electron jump...

"Researchers from the University of Texas at Arlington analyzed planets orbiting F-type stars for their habitability potential. They identified 18 systems of interest, including HD 111998, a Jupiter-like planet located in the habitable zone. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, In Search of Habitable Planets: New Study Points to F-Type Systems for Life) The F-type stars are quite common things in the universe. Those stars are quite similar to the sun. But they are a little bit hotter. The nickname for those stars is "blue suns". Theoretically, those stars can support life on habitable planets. But could that lifeform advance to an intelligent level? Or could it even create civilizations? Honestly, we don't know. There are two facts that we often forget.  1) An intelligent lifeform is not the same thing as a lifeform.  2) Another thing is that the lifeform on another solar system is adapted to that planet and that solar system.  "A simple chart for class...

"Having your camera anticipate the motion of objects through time is just one practical application of the idea of time-as-a-dimension. For any set of conditions that will be recorded throughout time, it’s plausible to predict when a certain set of spatial conditions (including position and velocity) will arise, with multiple possible solutions being admissible for both the past and future." (BigThink, Time: Yes, it’s a dimension, but no, it’s not like space) The light cone above this text introduces how information focuses on a certain point. The light cone can introduce the behavior of time in 3D spacetime. Time is like a fourth dimension, the flow that takes energy out from particles. Sometimes somebody said that time is like a string that pulls energy out from the quantum fields. Time is like dimension, but it's not like space.  Sometimes, somebody introduces that the time is like the string group that travels between two layers. Those strings travel through each part...