AI and 3D mapping can predict earthquakes, uncover nuclear explosions, and offer GPS-free navigation.

"Using machine learning, researchers have devised a way to predict major earthquakes by identifying early low-magnitude seismic activity, potentially allowing for crucial early warnings. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, New AI Model Could Predict Major Earthquakes Months Before They Happen)

The new AI model predicts major earthquakes months before they happen. And that thing can save lives. The accuracy with local or smaller Earthquakes is lower. But that can make it possible to create a complete model of earthquakes. That helps with evacuation plans and other things.

That extremely accurate AI model can also make it possible to create new surveillance methods concerning nuclear tests. The idea is that the underground nuclear tests are seen as earthquakes that happen from a non-predicted direction.

An earthquake is a pressure wave. That travels in the stone. The underground microphones can hear those pressure waves as sound. And they can find out the direction, of where those waves come from. The time that seismic sound rests and the power of seismic waves is different in nuclear explosions than in natural earthquakes.

But the most interesting system, that can detect underground soundwaves is the laser radar or lidar. The lidar can see the movements of the objects on the ground. It also can detect sound waves from the ground.

"Launched February 11, 2000, the STS-99 Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) was the most ambitious Earth mapping mission to date. This illustration shows the Space Shuttle Endeavour orbiting some 145 miles (233 kilometers) above Earth. With C-band and X-band outboard anternae at work, one located in the Shuttle bay and the other located on the end of a 60-meter deployable mast, the SRTM radar was able to penetrate clouds as well as provide its own illumination, independent of daylight, obtaining 3-dimentional topographic images of the world’s surface up to the Arctic and Antarctic Circles. The mission completed 222 hours of around the clock radar mapping, gathering enough information to fill more than 20,000 CDs. Credit: NASA" (ScitechDaily, NASA’s Daring Mission to 3D Map the Globe)

The 3D mapping, terrain contour matching TERCOM, and inertial are powerful combinations that can offer GPS-free navigation. The effective TERCOM requires a worldwide 3D map.

In the year 2006, the space shuttle Endeavour mapped the Earth using the special radar that could scan objects from two sides. The system used 200-foot (c. 60 m.) long antennae that can take 3D mapping radar images of the ground. The technology is more advanced today. And today radar satellites that fly side by side can make similar 3D maps with unmanned systems.

The separated satellites can travel side by side with the wanted Earth object. Then computers connect those satellite images to new 3D mapping where computer connects images that separate satellites fly in formation. And make diagonal radar photography into one 3D map. Which can make it possible to observe areas using holograms.

Data collected in the year 2006 can make it possible to compare erosion and other things from certain areas. The 3D mapping is one of the most important tools when researchers develop GPS-free navigation systems. The TERCOM system can compare images stored in its memory to images that recon planes or satellites are taken. If those operators have a complete 3D topography map of the entire world, they can aim their aircraft and cruise missiles with very high accuracy faster than before.

The 3D mapping can make it possible to navigate without satellites over the ground. The TERCOM system can operate also underwater. The system can have images or sonar maps from the sea floor and the ship or submarine can use the same program as cruise missiles to navigate.

If the aircraft has some kind of advanced sonar or lidar or very low-frequency radars that can get an echo from the deep seafloor the aircraft can use the seafloor in their TERCOM systems. The TERCOM is normally connected with inertial navigation so, that it can offer a GPS-free navigation tool.

https://scitechdaily.com/nasas-daring-mission-to-3d-map-the-globe/

https://scitechdaily.com/new-ai-model-could-predict-major-earthquakes-months-before-they-happen/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TERCOM

The hydrogen-burning supernovas are interesting models.

"Researchers discovered a significant magnesium anomaly in a meteorite’s dust particle, challenging current astrophysical models and suggesting new insights into hydrogen-burning supernovas. (Artist’s concept.)Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Rare Dust Particle From Ancient Extraterrestrial Meteorite Challenges Astrophysical Models) If the star is too heavy when its fusion reaction starts, it can detonate just at that moment, when its fusion starts. If the collapsing nebula is heavy enough, it can form a black hole straight from the nebula. But if the nebula's gravity is too heavy to form the blue giant or too small it can collapse straight into a black hole . If the forming star is a little bit larger than the blue supergiants. It can explode immediately when the fusion starts. The theory of hydrogen-burning supernovas consists model of the giant stars that explode immediately after their fusion starts. When the...

The ancient galaxy mirrors the Milky Way.

"This image shows the galaxy REBELS-25 as seen by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), overlaid on an infrared image of other stars and galaxies. The infrared image was taken by ESO’s Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA). In a recent study, researchers found evidence that REBELS-25 is a strongly rotating disc galaxy existing only 700 million years after the Big Bang. This makes it the most distant and earliest known Milky Way-like galaxy found to date. Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/L. Rowland et al./ESO/J. Dunlop et al. Ack.: CASU, CALET" (ScitechDaily, Astronomers Baffled by Ancient Galaxy That Mirrors Modern Milky Way) Researchers found the youngest Milky Way-type galaxy. The distance to the galaxy is enormous. And the light that comes from that galaxy named REBELS-25 comes from the Universe that is only 700 million years old. The distance to that galaxy is enormous about 236 billion light years. And that means it's a very dista...

Transcendence, or the ability to transcendent thinking may grow in teen's brains.

"New research has discovered that transcendent thinking, which involves analyzing the broader implications of situations, can foster brain growth in adolescents. This form of thinking enhances brain network coordination, impacting developmental milestones and future life satisfaction. The study emphasizes the need for education that encourages deep, reflective thought, underscoring the critical role of adolescents in their own brain development". (ScitechDaily, Scientists Discover That “Transcendent” Thinking May Grow Teens’ Brains) "Scientists at USC Rossier School of Education’s Center for Affective Neuroscience, Development, Learning and Education (CANDLE) have discovered that adolescents who grapple with the bigger meaning of social situations experience greater brain growth, which predicts stronger identity development and life satisfaction years later". (ScitechDaily, Scientists Discover That “Transcendent” Thinking May Grow Teens’ Brains) The transcendenc...

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